Postal Station List
A viewset for viewing and editing Postal Stations.
GET /api/sc/postal-stations/?format=api&page=8
{ "count": 388, "next": null, "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/postal-stations/?format=api&page=7", "results": [ { "id": 352, "polity": { "id": 212, "name": "sd_makuria_k_1", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom I", "start_year": 568, "end_year": 618 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 353, "polity": { "id": 215, "name": "sd_makuria_k_2", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom II", "start_year": 619, "end_year": 849 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 354, "polity": { "id": 219, "name": "sd_makuria_k_3", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom III", "start_year": 850, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 355, "polity": { "id": 383, "name": "my_malacca_sultanate", "long_name": "Malacca Sultanate", "start_year": 1396, "end_year": 1511 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 356, "polity": { "id": 235, "name": "my_malacca_sultanate_22222", "long_name": "Malacca Sultanate", "start_year": 1270, "end_year": 1415 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "\"archaeological evidence attests to this gradual process of Islamisation in the interior, as from Zeila and the other Red Sea ports, camel caravans traversed the desert to the highlands. These caravans travelled between a chain of permanent settlements, situated on the hills which studded the Ogaden and Danakil desert plains and along the Arusi and Harar highlands. Once the 'mountain shoulders' of Shoa and southern Wollo were reached the loads were then transferred from camel to mules and donkeys\".§REF§(Insoll 2003, 67) Timothy Insoll. 2003. The Archaeology of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 357, "polity": { "id": 209, "name": "ma_mauretania", "long_name": "Mauretania", "start_year": -125, "end_year": 44 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 358, "polity": { "id": 55, "name": "pa_cocle_2", "long_name": "Middle Greater Coclé", "start_year": 700, "end_year": 1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "absent", "comment": "The sources I have consulted do not mention a postal service, and Precolumbian Panamanian societies were non-literate. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IPHPU92K\">[Mendizábal_Archibold 2004, p. 14]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 359, "polity": { "id": 530, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_a", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Early Postclassic", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "absent", "comment": "Sources do not suggest there is evidence for a postal system during this period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 360, "polity": { "id": 531, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_b", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Late Postclassic", "start_year": 1101, "end_year": 1520 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "absent", "comment": "Sources do not suggest there is evidence for a postal system during this period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 361, "polity": { "id": 206, "name": "dz_numidia", "long_name": "Numidia", "start_year": -220, "end_year": -46 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 362, "polity": { "id": 542, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4_copy", "long_name": "Yemen - Ottoman period", "start_year": 1873, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "Messick describes the adoption of print technologies and the circulation of the first Yemeni newspapers during the Imamic period: 'At the same time as printed works were kept at a distance from advanced schools in twentieth-century imamic Yemen, steps were taken to promote the new technology in other domains. First among these was the official Yemeni newspaper al-Iman (the Faith), which first appeared in 1926 as a monthly and later became a daily.19 Using the same printing machine, the Ottomans had published a similar official newspaper (called Sanʿaʾ) in both Arabic and Ottoman Turkish. Al-Iman provides a chronicle of Yemeni political events, major and minor, internal and in some instances external, from 1926 to 1948, and has been read by Western observers as a record of “efforts to form a national consciousness” (Rossi 1938: 569) and of “the institutionalization of the state” (Obermeyer 1981: 181).' §REF§Messick, Brinkley 2012. \"The Calligraphic State\", 118§REF§ So far, no mention of Ottoman postal systems has been made in the sources." }, { "id": 363, "polity": { "id": 237, "name": "ml_songhai_1", "long_name": "Songhai Empire", "start_year": 1376, "end_year": 1493 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 364, "polity": { "id": 380, "name": "th_sukhotai", "long_name": "Sukhotai", "start_year": 1238, "end_year": 1419 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 365, "polity": { "id": 217, "name": "dz_tahert", "long_name": "Tahert", "start_year": 761, "end_year": 909 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 366, "polity": { "id": 271, "name": "ua_skythian_k_3", "long_name": "Third Scythian Kingdom", "start_year": -429, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": "No data.", "description": null }, { "id": 367, "polity": { "id": 230, "name": "dz_tlemcen", "long_name": "Tlemcen", "start_year": 1235, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 368, "polity": { "id": 240, "name": "ma_wattasid_dyn", "long_name": "Wattasid", "start_year": 1465, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 369, "polity": { "id": 279, "name": "kz_yueban", "long_name": "Yueban", "start_year": 350, "end_year": 450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "The Yueban were part of northern Xiongnu, who inhabited in the upper Hi River during the fourth and fifth centuries.\"§REF§(Li and Hansen 2003, 63) Jian Li. Valerie Hansen. 2003. The glory of the silk road: art from ancient China. The Dayton Art Institute.§REF§ \"From limited references in the Beishi (Northern histories) and the Weishu (History of the Wei), we know that the Yueban had a well-developed kingdom, with a population of two hundred thousand that spanned thousands of kilometers, in the area north of Kucha.\"§REF§(Li and Hansen 2003, 63) Jian Li. Valerie Hansen. 2003. The glory of the silk road: art from ancient China. The Dayton Art Institute.§REF§" }, { "id": 370, "polity": { "id": 227, "name": "et_zagwe", "long_name": "Zagwe", "start_year": 1137, "end_year": 1269 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 371, "polity": { "id": 222, "name": "tn_zirid_dyn", "long_name": "Zirids", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1148 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 372, "polity": { "id": 586, "name": "gb_england_norman", "long_name": "Norman England", "start_year": 1066, "end_year": 1153 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "absent", "comment": "In Norman England, communication relied primarily on messengers rather than specialized buildings exclusively devoted to postal services.\r\nThere is no evidence of postal stations as standalone or specialized facilities during this period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HBVV8PDK\">[Clanchy 1993]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 373, "polity": { "id": 798, "name": "de_east_francia", "long_name": "East Francia", "start_year": 842, "end_year": 919 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "absent", "comment": "The postal system in East Francia relied on messenger networks, particularly those associated with royal and ecclesiastical authorities, but there is no evidence of dedicated postal stations as specialized buildings during this period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/MPWQTI9N\">[Wickham 2010]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 374, "polity": { "id": 177, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire IV", "start_year": 1839, "end_year": 1922 }, "year_from": 1840, "year_to": 1922, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "present", "comment": "The Ministry of the Post was established on 23 October 1840. Its duty was to provide postal services for private individuals as well as the government and the first road link went from Istanbul to Edirne. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/VUACN5VG\">[webpage_Postal service among the Ottomans...]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 375, "polity": { "id": 126, "name": "pk_indo_greek_k", "long_name": "Indo-Greek Kingdom", "start_year": -180, "end_year": -10 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 376, "polity": { "id": 49, "name": "id_kediri_k", "long_name": "Kediri Kingdom", "start_year": 1049, "end_year": 1222 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 377, "polity": { "id": 243, "name": "cn_late_shang_dyn", "long_name": "Late Shang", "start_year": -1250, "end_year": -1045 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown. No data on whether the elite used relay stations to transmit messages faster. May be worth noting that the government did have an official to manage the roads.", "description": null }, { "id": 378, "polity": { "id": 169, "name": "tr_lysimachus_k", "long_name": "Lysimachus Kingdom", "start_year": -323, "end_year": -281 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 379, "polity": { "id": 229, "name": "ml_mali_emp", "long_name": "Mali Empire", "start_year": 1230, "end_year": 1410 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown. Daily horseback couriers to provinces. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XTE5GGEJ\">[Niane 1984, p. 160]</a> If these couriers had to travel very long distances did they keep the same horse for the entire journey or exchange horses at designated stations along the route?", "description": null }, { "id": 380, "polity": { "id": 161, "name": "tr_central_anatolia_mba", "long_name": "Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia", "start_year": -2000, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 381, "polity": { "id": 29, "name": "us_oneota", "long_name": "Oneota", "start_year": 1400, "end_year": 1650 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": "probably absent, however no information (RA's guess)", "description": null }, { "id": 382, "polity": { "id": 166, "name": "tr_phrygian_k", "long_name": "Phrygian Kingdom", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -695 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 383, "polity": { "id": 242, "name": "ml_songhai_2", "long_name": "Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty", "start_year": 1493, "end_year": 1591 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown An important courier service connected the court to various cities and towns, guaranteeing the transmission of the Askia's orders. \"Un important service de courrier relie la cour aux différentes villes et chef-lieux assurant la transmission des ordres de l'Askia.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HWWEX34G\">[Niane 1975, p. 106]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 384, "polity": { "id": 494, "name": "ir_susa_3", "long_name": "Susa III", "start_year": -3100, "end_year": -2675 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": "\"the Sumerian civilisation which flourished before 3500 BC. This was an advanced civilisation building cities and supporting the people with irrigation systems, a legal system, administration, and even a postal service. Writing developed and counting was based on a sexagesimal system, that is to say base 60.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/R87ZF2BN\">[O'Connor_Robertson 0]</a> -- presumably postal stations would have been necessary for an ancient postal service.", "description": null }, { "id": 385, "polity": { "id": 150, "name": "jp_sengoku_jidai", "long_name": "Warring States Japan", "start_year": 1467, "end_year": 1568 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": "present for preceding period", "description": null }, { "id": 386, "polity": { "id": 546, "name": "cn_five_dyn", "long_name": "Five Dynasties Period", "start_year": 906, "end_year": 970 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": null, "description": "Unknown, though worth noting that this was present in the Tang polities: \"domestic trade which was stimulated also by improved communications, including a new postal system on the main trunk roads which emanated from the capital.\" §REF§(Rodzinski 1979, 122)§REF§" }, { "id": 387, "polity": { "id": 333, "name": "fr_valois_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Valois", "start_year": 1328, "end_year": 1450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": null, "description": "unknown End of 13th century there were \"specialised carriers\" of goods from Italian merchants in Italy. They could deliver spices directly to Paris. This by-passed and helped lead to the demise of the International Fairs. §REF§(Spufford 2006, 148)§REF§" }, { "id": 388, "polity": { "id": 164, "name": "tr_hatti_new_k", "long_name": "Hatti - New Kingdom", "start_year": -1400, "end_year": -1180 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 389, "polity": { "id": 129, "name": "af_hephthalite_emp", "long_name": "Hephthalite Empire", "start_year": 408, "end_year": 561 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Postal_station", "postal_station": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null } ] }