Population Of The Largest Settlement List
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{ "count": 577, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/population-of-the-largest-settlements/?format=api&page=10", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/population-of-the-largest-settlements/?format=api&page=8", "results": [ { "id": 704, "polity": { "id": 570, "name": "es_spanish_emp_2", "long_name": "Spanish Empire II", "start_year": 1716, "end_year": 1814 }, "year_from": 1716, "year_to": 1716, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "“Where in 1500 there had been few towns of over 100,000 inhabitants (only Paris, Naples, Venice and Milan), by 1600 there were at least nine (Antwerp, Seville, Rome, Lisbon, Palermo, Messina, Milan, Venice, Amsterdam), and three of over 200,000 (Naples, Paris, London). By 1700 these last three had half a million each, and Madrid, Vienna and Moscow had joined the ranks of those with over 100,000.”<ref>(Kamen 2000: 23) Kamen, Henry. 2000. Early Modern European Society. London: Routledge. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/7QW688B5</ref> Date rounded up here to give an estimated population at the beginning of the polity period, 1716." }, { "id": 705, "polity": { "id": 607, "name": "si_early_modern_interior", "long_name": "Early Modern Sierra Leone", "start_year": 1650, "end_year": 1896 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 6000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 10000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. Population of Falaba, capital of one of the larger states within this quasipolity. \"The Limba settlements were substantially smaller than those of the Yalunka and Kuranko. The Limba hilltop settlements of Kakoya and Yagala had fewer than a hundred houses, a fraction of the hundreds reported at some of the Kuranko and Yalunka sites. Large Yalunka towns may have had populations of thousands. Laing (1825:288, 352), for example, states that Falaba had 400 houses and a population of between 6,000 and 10,000 inhabitants in 1822. Laing's estimate may have been somewhat high, but there is no question that there was a gradation in settlement size.\" §REF§(DeCorse 2012: 295) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/7FGSKCDI/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 706, "polity": { "id": 609, "name": "si_freetown_1", "long_name": "Freetown", "start_year": 1787, "end_year": 1808 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 2000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. Note that at this time this polity was largely coterminous with the settelement of Freetown. \"From about 2000 in 1807, the Colony's population grew rapidly due to the large influx of Recaptives there.\"§REF§(Alie 1990: 66) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/MGRDTDAE/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 707, "polity": { "id": 612, "name": "ni_nok_1", "long_name": "Middle and Late Nok", "start_year": -1500, "end_year": -901 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 10, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 50, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. \"Although there is an abundance of archaeological remains in the ground of the area where it once spread, there is no indication of agglomerations of people above village level, thus there is no evidence that would warrant the existence of communities of a size that would be necessary to develop social stratification, which is regarded as one of the attributes of social complexity. Numerous excavations and prospections have contributed to the notion that no towns or any kind of urban environments existed. The rather small size of almost all recorded sites and the comparatively small quantities of excavated cultural remains even rule out village communities. Apparently the typical settlement of the Nok Culture which occupied the prehistoric landscape during all phases was either a hamlet or a single compound. What can be concluded from this is that there was no high population density and that Nok communities were small-scaled and organised in locally autonomous groups. Probably these groups consisted of only one or a few extended families or a comparable number of people living together at one site.\"§REF§(Breunig and Ruppe 2016: 252) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/ES4TRU7R.§REF§" }, { "id": 708, "polity": { "id": 614, "name": "cd_kanem", "long_name": "Kanem", "start_year": 800, "end_year": 1379 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "inhabitants. The near-absence of archaeologically identified settlements makes it particularly challenging to estimate settlement populations. \"While the historical sources provide a vague picture of the events of the first 500 years of the Kanem-Borno empire, archaeologically almost nothing is known. [...] Summing up, very little is known about the capitals or towns of the early Kanem- Borno empire. The locations of the earliest sites have been obscured under the southwardly protruding sands of the Sahara, and none of the later locations can be identified with certainty.\"§REF§(Gronenborn 2002: 104-110)§REF§" }, { "id": 709, "polity": { "id": 615, "name": "ni_nok_2", "long_name": "Middle and Late Nok", "start_year": -900, "end_year": 0 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 10, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 50, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. \"Although there is an abundance of archaeological remains in the ground of the area where it once spread, there is no indication of agglomerations of people above village level, thus there is no evidence that would warrant the existence of communities of a size that would be necessary to develop social stratification, which is regarded as one of the attributes of social complexity. Numerous excavations and prospections have contributed to the notion that no towns or any kind of urban environments existed. The rather small size of almost all recorded sites and the comparatively small quantities of excavated cultural remains even rule out village communities. Apparently the typical settlement of the Nok Culture which occupied the prehistoric landscape during all phases was either a hamlet or a single compound. What can be concluded from this is that there was no high population density and that Nok communities were small-scaled and organised in locally autonomous groups. Probably these groups consisted of only one or a few extended families or a comparable number of people living together at one site.\"§REF§(Breunig and Ruppe 2016: 252) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/ES4TRU7R.§REF§" }, { "id": 710, "polity": { "id": 623, "name": "zi_toutswe", "long_name": "Toutswe", "start_year": 700, "end_year": 1250 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 2000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. Population estimates discussed in Pikirayi give a general estimated range of between 1,000 – 2,000 per ‘centre’ in this region and period, though not referring to Toutswe territory specifically. If we assume this to be accurate to Toutswe territory as well, then we might presume Toutswemogala to be represented within this range. However, this is an extremely rough estimate, and should be replaced with data based on specific population estimates for Toutswemogala, Shoshong and Bosutswe as soon as such estimates are located (if they exist). “From the 11th century onwards, population increased in the middle Limpopo valley and adjacent eastern Botswana, as is made evident by the growth of homesteads, villages and towns….settlement activity became concentrated at Taukome, Toutswemogala, Bosutswe, Mokgware and other places, where inhabitants kept large herds of cattle …. Population estimates in each of these centres range from 1,000 to 2,000…..” §REF§ (Pikirayi 2017; 886) Innocent Pikirayi, “Trade, Globalisation and the Archaic State in Southern Africa,” in Journal of Southern African Studies Vol. 43, No. 5 (2017): 879-893. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/FBAX3ZMJ/collection §REF§" }, { "id": 711, "polity": { "id": 624, "name": "zi_great_zimbabwe", "long_name": "Great Zimbabwe", "start_year": 1270, "end_year": 1550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 20000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. A recent general estimate of Great Zimbabwe (the city)’s population at its highest in Chirikure et al. (2017) is drastically lower than the apparently generally accepted previous figure of a maximal ca. 20,000, which appears to be generally reflected in other literature on the site. Chirikure contends that the higher of these estimates is unrealistic, given that the surrounding area lacks any real evidence of the environmental disruption expected from such a high concentration of urban population, among other indicators. Chirikure maintains his belief that the peak population of the site was likely 1,000 at the most, though he seems to endorse the possibility that it may have been as high as 5,000. Either figure is vastly different from the previously-accepted one of around 20,000. The RA lacks the archaeological background to reasonably validate any analysis of the subject. Hence, the population has been coded as disputed until an educated analysis of the competing claims can be made. “Chirikure et al… used the data provided by Frankema and Jerven… in conjunction with ethnography and archaeological insights, to provide new estimates for Great Zimbabwe’s population….indicators suggest that after considering historical demography, a population of 20,000 for Great Zimbabwe is too high. This prompted a recalculation of the population of Great Zimbabwe at different intervals based on the occupation phases…. As expected, the peak population of Great Zimbabwe was below 1000 people which is convergent with Garlake’s (1973) estimate. Considering the low populations typical of ancient southern Africa, such a population was still very high.” §REF§ (Chirikure 2021, 265) Shadreck Chirikure, Great Zimbabwe: Reclaiming a ‘Confiscated’ Past (Routledge, 2021). Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/MWWKAGSJ/collection §REF§. “If the population of Great Zimbabwe was high, we ought to be seeing the associated environmental consequences such as intensified erosion within the site’s resource catchment area…. Low populations would explain why no evidence of massive environmental degradation has been found within or outside Great Zimbabwe. In terms of hygiene… it is impossible to have 20,000 people living in one place for over a hundred years without huge impacts.… without inflating the implied figures from hut counts by a factor from an inappropriate modern population pyramid, the first part of Huffman’s method produces a low population of between 4 and 5,000, double that suggested by Garlake and which is closer to our model 1. The multiple comparators used in our study achieve resonance with Garlake’s view that Great Zimbabwe was occupied by what we may today describe as low populations.” §REF§ (Chirikure et al. 2017, 13-14) Shadreck Chirikure et al., “What was the population of Great Zimbabwe (CE 1000-1800)?” in Public Library of Science One Vol. 12, No. 6 (2017). Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/6QC8PD3X/collection §REF§ “With an estimated population of nearly 20,000, Great Zimbabwe was the largest metropolis in southern Africa.” §REF§ (Pikirayi 2013; 921) Innocent Pikirayi, “The Zimbabwe Culture and its Neighbours,” in The Oxford Handbook of African Archaeology, eds. Peter Mitchell and Paul J. Lane (Oxford University Press, 2013): 916-928. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/NVZ5T427/collection §REF§." }, { "id": 712, "polity": { "id": 626, "name": "zi_mutapa", "long_name": "Mutapa", "start_year": 1450, "end_year": 1880 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 4000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 4000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. This is an approximate estimation for the general populations of the multiple zimbabwes known to have been the capitals of the Mutapa. “Portuguese sources refer to Mutapa royal capitals as Zimbabwe. These capitals had an approximate population of 4,000. Archaeological evidence locates most Zimbabwe on the plateau south of the escarpment before the mid-seventeenth century.” §REF§ (Pikirayi 2005, 1057) Innocent Pikirayi, “Mutapa State, 1450-1884,” in Encyclopedia of African History Vol. 2, ed. Kevin Shillington (Fitzroy Dearborn, 2005): 1056-1058. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/AWA9ZT5B/item-details §REF§" }, { "id": 713, "polity": { "id": 632, "name": "nl_dutch_emp_1", "long_name": "Dutch Empire", "start_year": 1648, "end_year": 1795 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 200000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 240000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. Van Leeuwen and Oeppen estimate for the population of Amsterdam to have fluctuated between about 200,000 and 240,000 between 1680 and 1795 CE.§REF§(Leeuwen and Oeppen 1993: 87) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/EDEIN9RT/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 714, "polity": { "id": 640, "name": "so_habr_yunis", "long_name": "Habr Yunis", "start_year": 1300, "end_year": 1886 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 3000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 4000, "comment": null, "description": "The population numbers are an approximation and do not represent a definitive number. “The dimensions of Zeila Burton compares to Suez, sufficient to hold a few thousand inhabitants, and provided with six mosques, a dozen large white-washed stone houses, and two hundred or more thatched mud – and-wattle huts. The ancient wall of coral rubble and mud defending the town was no longer fortified with guns, and in many places had become dilapidated. Drinking water had to be fetched from wells four miles from the town. Yet trade was thriving: to the north caravans plied the Danakil country, while to the west the lands of the ‘Ise and Gadabursi clans were traversed as far as Harar, and beyond Harar to the Gurage country in Abyssinia. The main exports were slaves, ivory hides, horns, ghee, and guns. On the coast itself Arab divers were active collecting sponge cones and provisions were cheap.” §REF§ (Lewis 2002, 34) Lewis, Ioan M. 2002. A Modern History of the Somali: Nation and State in the Horn of Africa. Athens: Ohio University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/KHB7VSJK/collection §REF§" }, { "id": 715, "polity": { "id": 642, "name": "so_geledi_sultanate", "long_name": "Sultanate of Geledi", "start_year": 1750, "end_year": 1911 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 6000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 6500, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. This quote is in regards to the villages Tolwinne and the capital Afgoy. “Guillain’s figure of 1,500-1,800 huts, if the modern ratio of one hut per person suggested below applied then, would give about the same number for the population of the Tolwinne villages plus left-bank Afgoi. Guillain’s own estimate, however was 6,000 people while Lt. Christopher asserted he was met by a crowd of about 7,000 (though he shows a general tendency to exaggerate).” §REF§ (Luling 1971, 66) Luling, Virginia. 1971. The Social Structure of Southern Somali Tribes. (Thesis). University of London (University College London). Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/TWITJWK4/items/5BTAQ3DM/collection §REF§" }, { "id": 716, "polity": { "id": 652, "name": "et_harar_emirate", "long_name": "Emirate of Harar", "start_year": 1650, "end_year": 1875 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 10000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 15000, "comment": null, "description": "“In the middle of the nineteenth century, Harar’s population was estimated at between 10,000 and 15,000.” §REF§ (Kebbede 2017, 31) Kebbede, Girma. 2017. Living with Urban Environmental Health Risks: The Case of Ethiopia. London: Routledge. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/3W5EJMVV/collection §REF§" }, { "id": 717, "polity": { "id": 656, "name": "ni_yoruba_classic", "long_name": "Classical Ife", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 70000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 105000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. \"The same density estimates can be applied to another but slightly earlier Yoruba town, Ife. The site of Ife is considered to have three phases: Preclassic, Classic (fourteenth century AD, when the site covered 12 sq km), and Postclassic (Agbaje-Williams 1991; Eyo 1974; Willett 1967). Applying the Igboho density estimates to the Ile-Ife population gives us a range from 71,856 to 105,263 persons, similar to that at Old Oyo and not out of line with historical accounts.\"§REF§(Kusimba, Barut Kusimba and Agbaje-Williams 2006: 157)§REF§ \"One estimate put the population in the range of 70,000–105,000 during the mid-fourteenth century.\"§REF§(Ogundiran 2020: 68)§REF§" }, { "id": 718, "polity": { "id": 659, "name": "ni_allada_k", "long_name": "Allada", "start_year": 1100, "end_year": 1724 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 30000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 30000, "comment": null, "description": "“By the mid-15th century, the population of Allada had reached approximately 30,000 people.” §REF§Aderinto, Saheed. African Kingdoms: An Encyclopedia of Empires and Civilizations. ABC-CLIO, 2017: 8. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/EB5TWDG7/collection§REF§ “Grand Ardra was a city of considerable size, home to approximately 30,000 people; Allada as a whole had a population upwards of 200,000.” §REF§Monroe, J. Cameron. “Urbanism on West Africa’s Slave Coast: Archaeology Sheds New Light on Cities in the Era of the Atlantic Slave Trade.” American Scientist, vol. 99, no. 5, 2011, pp. 400–09: 402. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/E5WA63Z2/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 719, "polity": { "id": 666, "name": "ni_sokoto_cal", "long_name": "Sokoto Caliphate", "start_year": 1804, "end_year": 1904 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 120000, "comment": null, "description": "Seems that the population fluctuated throughout the nineteenth century, at least in part linked to where the caliph was residing. 1827 is an estimated date based on the timing of Clapperton and Lander’s visit to Sokoto. “Therefore a network of settlements grew up which led to the development of areas of close-settled farmland, the most important of which was that centred on the capital, Sokoto. The 19th-century explorers such as Clapperton (1966) and Lander (1967) believed that Sokoto was the largest city in the interior of Africa that they had seen: Lander estimated Sokoto's population as 120,000 - compared with Kano's 40,000. But by the time Barth arrived in 1853 it was thinly inhabited and greatly dilapidated. This was one of the periods in the 19th century when the caliph and his court were residing at Wurno 30 km away.” §REF§Swindell, K. (1986). Population and Agriculture in the Sokoto-Rima Basin of North-West Nigeria: A Study of Political Intervention, Adaptation and Change, 1800–1980 (Population et agriculture dans le bassin Sokoto-Rima (nord-ouest du Nigeria): étude de l’intervention politique, de l’adaptation et du changement, 1800-1980). Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 26(101/102), 75–111: 84. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/7XV2T4N8/collection§REF§ “Sokoto itself was transformed from a small hamlet in 1809 into one of the largest cities in the Central Sudan, with a population of about 100,000 by the end of the century.” §REF§Chafe, Kabiru Sulaiman. “Challenges to the Hegemony of the Sokoto Caliphate: A Preliminary Examination.” Paideuma, vol. 40, 1994, pp. 99–109: 104. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/ZANHCUFH/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 720, "polity": { "id": 683, "name": "ug_buganda_k_2", "long_name": "Buganda II", "start_year": 1717, "end_year": 1894 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 20000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 20000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. \"The first European descriptions, as we have seen, concerned the kings' courts . The nature of these \"capitals\" is indeed revealing. The number of permanent and transient residents in each in the late nineteenth century was impressive: according to sources from this period, there were five hundred in Bunyoro, two thousand in Bukeye in Burundi, two thousand in Nyanza in Rwanda, but twenty thousand in Mengo in Buganda.\" §REF§(Chrétien 2006: 166) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/FXCVWDRI/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 721, "polity": { "id": 684, "name": "ug_toro_k", "long_name": "Toro", "start_year": 1830, "end_year": 1896 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "inhabitants. \"In the Great Lakes, capitals and the individual structures within them were undoubtedly impressive (e.g. Kigongo and Reid 2007), but they were short-lived, frequently occupied for less than five years, and built entirely from non-durable materials; to date, even 19th-century capitals, the locations of which are known, remain archaeologically invisible. Settlement in the region, royal or otherwise, seems generally to have been relatively short-term and dispersed, leaving isolated scatters of archaeological debris across the inhabited landscape.\"§REF§(Reid 2013: 889) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/PA7Z3NFR/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 722, "polity": { "id": 686, "name": "tz_karagwe_k", "long_name": "Karagwe", "start_year": 1500, "end_year": 1916 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "inhabitants. \"In the Great Lakes, capitals and the individual structures within them were undoubtedly impressive (e.g. Kigongo and Reid 2007), but they were short-lived, frequently occupied for less than five years, and built entirely from non-durable materials; to date, even 19th-century capitals, the locations of which are known, remain archaeologically invisible. Settlement in the region, royal or otherwise, seems generally to have been relatively short-term and dispersed, leaving isolated scatters of archaeological debris across the inhabited landscape.\"§REF§(Reid 2013: 889) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/PA7Z3NFR/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 723, "polity": { "id": 687, "name": "Early Niynginya", "long_name": "Kingdom of Nyinginya", "start_year": 1650, "end_year": 1897 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 2000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 2000, "comment": null, "description": "inhabitants. \"The first European descriptions, as we have seen, concerned the kings' courts . The nature of these \"capitals\" is indeed revealing. The number of permanent and transient residents in each in the late nineteenth century was impressive: according to sources from this period, there were five hundred in Bunyoro, two thousand in Bukeye in Burundi, two thousand in Nyanza in Rwanda, but twenty thousand in Mengo in Buganda.\" §REF§(Chrétien 2006: 166) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/FXCVWDRI/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 724, "polity": { "id": 688, "name": "ug_nkore_k_1", "long_name": "Nkore", "start_year": 1450, "end_year": 1749 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "inhabitants. \"In the Great Lakes, capitals and the individual structures within them were undoubtedly impressive (e.g. Kigongo and Reid 2007), but they were short-lived, frequently occupied for less than five years, and built entirely from non-durable materials; to date, even 19th-century capitals, the locations of which are known, remain archaeologically invisible. Settlement in the region, royal or otherwise, seems generally to have been relatively short-term and dispersed, leaving isolated scatters of archaeological debris across the inhabited landscape.\"§REF§(Reid 2013: 889) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/PA7Z3NFR/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 725, "polity": { "id": 689, "name": "rw_ndorwa_k", "long_name": "Ndorwa", "start_year": 1700, "end_year": 1800 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "inhabitants. \"In the Great Lakes, capitals and the individual structures within them were undoubtedly impressive (e.g. Kigongo and Reid 2007), but they were short-lived, frequently occupied for less than five years, and built entirely from non-durable materials; to date, even 19th-century capitals, the locations of which are known, remain archaeologically invisible. Settlement in the region, royal or otherwise, seems generally to have been relatively short-term and dispersed, leaving isolated scatters of archaeological debris across the inhabited landscape.\"§REF§(Reid 2013: 889) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/PA7Z3NFR/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 726, "polity": { "id": 690, "name": "bu_burundi_k", "long_name": "Burundi", "start_year": 1680, "end_year": 1903 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 2000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 2000, "comment": null, "description": "inhabitants. \"The first European descriptions, as we have seen, concerned the kings' courts . The nature of these \"capitals\" is indeed revealing. The number of permanent and transient residents in each in the late nineteenth century was impressive: according to sources from this period, there were five hundred in Bunyoro, two thousand in Bukeye in Burundi, two thousand in Nyanza in Rwanda, but twenty thousand in Mengo in Buganda.\" §REF§(Chrétien 2006: 166) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/FXCVWDRI/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 727, "polity": { "id": 691, "name": "rw_mubari_k", "long_name": "Mubari", "start_year": 1700, "end_year": 1896 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "inhabitants. \"In the Great Lakes, capitals and the individual structures within them were undoubtedly impressive (e.g. Kigongo and Reid 2007), but they were short-lived, frequently occupied for less than five years, and built entirely from non-durable materials; to date, even 19th-century capitals, the locations of which are known, remain archaeologically invisible. Settlement in the region, royal or otherwise, seems generally to have been relatively short-term and dispersed, leaving isolated scatters of archaeological debris across the inhabited landscape.\"§REF§(Reid 2013: 889) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/PA7Z3NFR/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 728, "polity": { "id": 692, "name": "rw_gisaka_k", "long_name": "Gisaka", "start_year": 1700, "end_year": 1867 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "inhabitants. \"In the Great Lakes, capitals and the individual structures within them were undoubtedly impressive (e.g. Kigongo and Reid 2007), but they were short-lived, frequently occupied for less than five years, and built entirely from non-durable materials; to date, even 19th-century capitals, the locations of which are known, remain archaeologically invisible. Settlement in the region, royal or otherwise, seems generally to have been relatively short-term and dispersed, leaving isolated scatters of archaeological debris across the inhabited landscape.\"§REF§(Reid 2013: 889) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/PA7Z3NFR/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 729, "polity": { "id": 693, "name": "tz_milansi_k", "long_name": "Fipa", "start_year": 1600, "end_year": 1890 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "inhabitants. \"In the Great Lakes, capitals and the individual structures within them were undoubtedly impressive (e.g. Kigongo and Reid 2007), but they were short-lived, frequently occupied for less than five years, and built entirely from non-durable materials; to date, even 19th-century capitals, the locations of which are known, remain archaeologically invisible. Settlement in the region, royal or otherwise, seems generally to have been relatively short-term and dispersed, leaving isolated scatters of archaeological debris across the inhabited landscape.\"§REF§(Reid 2013: 889) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/PA7Z3NFR/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 730, "polity": { "id": 694, "name": "rw_bugesera_k", "long_name": "Bugesera", "start_year": 1700, "end_year": 1799 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "inhabitants. \"In the Great Lakes, capitals and the individual structures within them were undoubtedly impressive (e.g. Kigongo and Reid 2007), but they were short-lived, frequently occupied for less than five years, and built entirely from non-durable materials; to date, even 19th-century capitals, the locations of which are known, remain archaeologically invisible. Settlement in the region, royal or otherwise, seems generally to have been relatively short-term and dispersed, leaving isolated scatters of archaeological debris across the inhabited landscape.\"§REF§(Reid 2013: 889) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/PA7Z3NFR/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 731, "polity": { "id": 696, "name": "tz_buhayo_k", "long_name": "Buhaya", "start_year": 1700, "end_year": 1890 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "inhabitants. \"In the Great Lakes, capitals and the individual structures within them were undoubtedly impressive (e.g. Kigongo and Reid 2007), but they were short-lived, frequently occupied for less than five years, and built entirely from non-durable materials; to date, even 19th-century capitals, the locations of which are known, remain archaeologically invisible. Settlement in the region, royal or otherwise, seems generally to have been relatively short-term and dispersed, leaving isolated scatters of archaeological debris across the inhabited landscape.\"§REF§(Reid 2013: 889) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/PA7Z3NFR/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 732, "polity": { "id": 661, "name": "ni_oyo_emp_2", "long_name": "Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́", "start_year": 1601, "end_year": 1835 }, "year_from": 1601, "year_to": 1769, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. “According to explorers, the population of Old Oyo was considerable, but no specific figures were offered. Lloyd (1972) gives a figure of 50,000, although without explanation.” §REF§Storey, Glenn. ‘Urbanism in the Preindustrial World: Cross-Cultural Approaches’. University of Alabama Press, 2006: 156. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/JUZF8JHT/collection§REF§ “Using the survey estimates from Old Oyo of 1,870 ha of total pottery scatter and area of the compound courtyard complexes of 884 ha and then applying the density factors from above to the pottery scatter give population estimates of 111,976 (based on 167 ha per person), 130,769 (based on 143 ha per person), and 164,035 (based on 114 ha per person). The average of these three estimates is 135,593. Using the compound-courtyard spread figure of 884 ha and the same density estimates gives population estimates of 52,934 (167), 61,618 (143), and 77,544 (114). Its average is 64,099 (1,233 persons per sq km). The average of the pottery scatter estimates and the compound courtyard estimates is 99,846 (1,920 persons per sq km). This is not unexpected for the late eighteenth century, when the capital was at its zenith. […] Old Oyo and Ife have population sizes around 100,000 persons, near the limit of precolonial city population sizes (Fletcher 1986).” §REF§Storey, Glenn. ‘Urbanism in the Preindustrial World: Cross-Cultural Approaches’. University of Alabama Press, 2006: 157. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/JUZF8JHT/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 733, "polity": { "id": 661, "name": "ni_oyo_emp_2", "long_name": "Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́", "start_year": 1601, "end_year": 1835 }, "year_from": 1770, "year_to": 1800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 50000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. “According to explorers, the population of Old Oyo was considerable, but no specific figures were offered. Lloyd (1972) gives a figure of 50,000, although without explanation.” §REF§Storey, Glenn. ‘Urbanism in the Preindustrial World: Cross-Cultural Approaches’. University of Alabama Press, 2006: 156. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/JUZF8JHT/collection§REF§ “Using the survey estimates from Old Oyo of 1,870 ha of total pottery scatter and area of the compound courtyard complexes of 884 ha and then applying the density factors from above to the pottery scatter give population estimates of 111,976 (based on 167 ha per person), 130,769 (based on 143 ha per person), and 164,035 (based on 114 ha per person). The average of these three estimates is 135,593. Using the compound-courtyard spread figure of 884 ha and the same density estimates gives population estimates of 52,934 (167), 61,618 (143), and 77,544 (114). Its average is 64,099 (1,233 persons per sq km). The average of the pottery scatter estimates and the compound courtyard estimates is 99,846 (1,920 persons per sq km). This is not unexpected for the late eighteenth century, when the capital was at its zenith. […] Old Oyo and Ife have population sizes around 100,000 persons, near the limit of precolonial city population sizes (Fletcher 1986).” §REF§Storey, Glenn. ‘Urbanism in the Preindustrial World: Cross-Cultural Approaches’. University of Alabama Press, 2006: 157. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/JUZF8JHT/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 734, "polity": { "id": 661, "name": "ni_oyo_emp_2", "long_name": "Ilú-ọba Ọ̀yọ́", "start_year": 1601, "end_year": 1835 }, "year_from": 1801, "year_to": 1835, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. “According to explorers, the population of Old Oyo was considerable, but no specific figures were offered. Lloyd (1972) gives a figure of 50,000, although without explanation.” §REF§Storey, Glenn. ‘Urbanism in the Preindustrial World: Cross-Cultural Approaches’. University of Alabama Press, 2006: 156. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/JUZF8JHT/collection§REF§ “Using the survey estimates from Old Oyo of 1,870 ha of total pottery scatter and area of the compound courtyard complexes of 884 ha and then applying the density factors from above to the pottery scatter give population estimates of 111,976 (based on 167 ha per person), 130,769 (based on 143 ha per person), and 164,035 (based on 114 ha per person). The average of these three estimates is 135,593. Using the compound-courtyard spread figure of 884 ha and the same density estimates gives population estimates of 52,934 (167), 61,618 (143), and 77,544 (114). Its average is 64,099 (1,233 persons per sq km). The average of the pottery scatter estimates and the compound courtyard estimates is 99,846 (1,920 persons per sq km). This is not unexpected for the late eighteenth century, when the capital was at its zenith. […] Old Oyo and Ife have population sizes around 100,000 persons, near the limit of precolonial city population sizes (Fletcher 1986).” §REF§Storey, Glenn. ‘Urbanism in the Preindustrial World: Cross-Cultural Approaches’. University of Alabama Press, 2006: 157. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/JUZF8JHT/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 735, "polity": { "id": 671, "name": "ni_dahomey_k", "long_name": "Foys", "start_year": 1715, "end_year": 1894 }, "year_from": 1600, "year_to": 1699, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": true, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. “Although the nature of pre Dahomean settlement on the plateau is poorly understood, it is clear that by the 18th century two Dahomean cities rose to dominance across the region: Abomey and Cana. Abomey, an expansive community settled around a marketplace and a series of royal palace compounds, emerged as greater Dahomey's political capital and home to as many as 30,000 in the 18th century. Nearby Cana also became a significant center on the plateau in this period. It was a major node in regional administration and interregional trade routes, with significant regional markets and as many as 15,000 inhabitants in the 18th century. Historical population estimates suggest 21 to 33 percent of the plateau's population lived at Abomey and Cana.” §REF§Monroe, J. C. (2011). Urbanism on West Africa’s Slave Coast: Archaeology sheds new light on cities in the era of the Atlantic slave trade. American Scientist, 99(5), 400–409: 406. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/E5WA63Z2/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 736, "polity": { "id": 672, "name": "ni_benin_emp", "long_name": "Benin Empire", "start_year": 1140, "end_year": 1897 }, "year_from": 1180, "year_to": 1785, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. “The population of Benin Division, which we equate with the Benin kingdom, was reckoned at about 292,000 in the 1952 census. Some 54,000 of these lived in the capital, Benin City, and the rest in several hundred compact villages, ranging in size from less than 20 to (in one case only) more than 6,000 souls. The great majority of villages had populations of less than 1,000; 400 or 500 may be taken as typical. Before 1897 Benin City probably had less than half its 1952 population. Even so, its urban, metropolitan character contrasted sharply with the small scale of village society.” §REF§Bradbury, R. E. (1967). The Kingdom of Benin. In West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century (Repr, pp. 1–35). Published for the International African Institute by Oxford University Press: 8. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/Z8DJIKP8/collection§REF§ “Landolphe, who spent more time in Benin kingdom than any other chronicler, observed that the houses in Benin City were well-constructed, and that the population of that metropolis might be as much as eighty thousand. Adams, at approximately the same time, wrote of an irregularly built town of about fifteen thousand people.” NB Adams and Landolphe are referred to in the same text (p332), giving us a timeframe for these observations: “Captain Landolphe, who traded at Gwato and Arebo between 1769-1792, realized his greatest profits in the ivory trade, although he also earned much from the slave commerce. […] Captain John Adams, in his journey between 1786-1800, was the last chronicler to witness the existence of the slave trade in Benin proper.” §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 325–326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§ “Jacolliot's estimate of Benin City's population, in 1879, was fifty thousand”. §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§ “Benin City, indeed, appears to have been depopulated from time to time, as Nyendael and King reported, during and immediately after periods of civil strife. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that Benin was ever a large town, and, in times of relative peace and stability, its population could be counted in five digits.” §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 737, "polity": { "id": 672, "name": "ni_benin_emp", "long_name": "Benin Empire", "start_year": 1140, "end_year": 1897 }, "year_from": 1786, "year_to": 1792, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 15000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 80000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. “The population of Benin Division, which we equate with the Benin kingdom, was reckoned at about 292,000 in the 1952 census. Some 54,000 of these lived in the capital, Benin City, and the rest in several hundred compact villages, ranging in size from less than 20 to (in one case only) more than 6,000 souls. The great majority of villages had populations of less than 1,000; 400 or 500 may be taken as typical. Before 1897 Benin City probably had less than half its 1952 population. Even so, its urban, metropolitan character contrasted sharply with the small scale of village society.” §REF§Bradbury, R. E. (1967). The Kingdom of Benin. In West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century (Repr, pp. 1–35). Published for the International African Institute by Oxford University Press: 8. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/Z8DJIKP8/collection§REF§ “Landolphe, who spent more time in Benin kingdom than any other chronicler, observed that the houses in Benin City were well-constructed, and that the population of that metropolis might be as much as eighty thousand. Adams, at approximately the same time, wrote of an irregularly built town of about fifteen thousand people.” NB Adams and Landolphe are referred to in the same text (p332), giving us a timeframe for these observations: “Captain Landolphe, who traded at Gwato and Arebo between 1769-1792, realized his greatest profits in the ivory trade, although he also earned much from the slave commerce. […] Captain John Adams, in his journey between 1786-1800, was the last chronicler to witness the existence of the slave trade in Benin proper.” §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 325–326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§ “Jacolliot's estimate of Benin City's population, in 1879, was fifty thousand”. §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§ “Benin City, indeed, appears to have been depopulated from time to time, as Nyendael and King reported, during and immediately after periods of civil strife. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that Benin was ever a large town, and, in times of relative peace and stability, its population could be counted in five digits.” §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 738, "polity": { "id": 672, "name": "ni_benin_emp", "long_name": "Benin Empire", "start_year": 1140, "end_year": 1897 }, "year_from": 1793, "year_to": 1878, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. “The population of Benin Division, which we equate with the Benin kingdom, was reckoned at about 292,000 in the 1952 census. Some 54,000 of these lived in the capital, Benin City, and the rest in several hundred compact villages, ranging in size from less than 20 to (in one case only) more than 6,000 souls. The great majority of villages had populations of less than 1,000; 400 or 500 may be taken as typical. Before 1897 Benin City probably had less than half its 1952 population. Even so, its urban, metropolitan character contrasted sharply with the small scale of village society.” §REF§Bradbury, R. E. (1967). The Kingdom of Benin. In West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century (Repr, pp. 1–35). Published for the International African Institute by Oxford University Press: 8. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/Z8DJIKP8/collection§REF§ “Landolphe, who spent more time in Benin kingdom than any other chronicler, observed that the houses in Benin City were well-constructed, and that the population of that metropolis might be as much as eighty thousand. Adams, at approximately the same time, wrote of an irregularly built town of about fifteen thousand people.” NB Adams and Landolphe are referred to in the same text (p332), giving us a timeframe for these observations: “Captain Landolphe, who traded at Gwato and Arebo between 1769-1792, realized his greatest profits in the ivory trade, although he also earned much from the slave commerce. […] Captain John Adams, in his journey between 1786-1800, was the last chronicler to witness the existence of the slave trade in Benin proper.” §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 325–326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§ “Jacolliot's estimate of Benin City's population, in 1879, was fifty thousand”. §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§ “Benin City, indeed, appears to have been depopulated from time to time, as Nyendael and King reported, during and immediately after periods of civil strife. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that Benin was ever a large town, and, in times of relative peace and stability, its population could be counted in five digits.” §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 739, "polity": { "id": 672, "name": "ni_benin_emp", "long_name": "Benin Empire", "start_year": 1140, "end_year": 1897 }, "year_from": 1879, "year_to": 1879, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 50000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 50000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. “The population of Benin Division, which we equate with the Benin kingdom, was reckoned at about 292,000 in the 1952 census. Some 54,000 of these lived in the capital, Benin City, and the rest in several hundred compact villages, ranging in size from less than 20 to (in one case only) more than 6,000 souls. The great majority of villages had populations of less than 1,000; 400 or 500 may be taken as typical. Before 1897 Benin City probably had less than half its 1952 population. Even so, its urban, metropolitan character contrasted sharply with the small scale of village society.” §REF§Bradbury, R. E. (1967). The Kingdom of Benin. In West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century (Repr, pp. 1–35). Published for the International African Institute by Oxford University Press: 8. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/Z8DJIKP8/collection§REF§ “Landolphe, who spent more time in Benin kingdom than any other chronicler, observed that the houses in Benin City were well-constructed, and that the population of that metropolis might be as much as eighty thousand. Adams, at approximately the same time, wrote of an irregularly built town of about fifteen thousand people.” NB Adams and Landolphe are referred to in the same text (p332), giving us a timeframe for these observations: “Captain Landolphe, who traded at Gwato and Arebo between 1769-1792, realized his greatest profits in the ivory trade, although he also earned much from the slave commerce. […] Captain John Adams, in his journey between 1786-1800, was the last chronicler to witness the existence of the slave trade in Benin proper.” §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 325–326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§ “Jacolliot's estimate of Benin City's population, in 1879, was fifty thousand”. §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§ “Benin City, indeed, appears to have been depopulated from time to time, as Nyendael and King reported, during and immediately after periods of civil strife. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that Benin was ever a large town, and, in times of relative peace and stability, its population could be counted in five digits.” §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 740, "polity": { "id": 672, "name": "ni_benin_emp", "long_name": "Benin Empire", "start_year": 1140, "end_year": 1897 }, "year_from": 1880, "year_to": 1896, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. “The population of Benin Division, which we equate with the Benin kingdom, was reckoned at about 292,000 in the 1952 census. Some 54,000 of these lived in the capital, Benin City, and the rest in several hundred compact villages, ranging in size from less than 20 to (in one case only) more than 6,000 souls. The great majority of villages had populations of less than 1,000; 400 or 500 may be taken as typical. Before 1897 Benin City probably had less than half its 1952 population. Even so, its urban, metropolitan character contrasted sharply with the small scale of village society.” §REF§Bradbury, R. E. (1967). The Kingdom of Benin. In West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century (Repr, pp. 1–35). Published for the International African Institute by Oxford University Press: 8. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/Z8DJIKP8/collection§REF§ “Landolphe, who spent more time in Benin kingdom than any other chronicler, observed that the houses in Benin City were well-constructed, and that the population of that metropolis might be as much as eighty thousand. Adams, at approximately the same time, wrote of an irregularly built town of about fifteen thousand people.” NB Adams and Landolphe are referred to in the same text (p332), giving us a timeframe for these observations: “Captain Landolphe, who traded at Gwato and Arebo between 1769-1792, realized his greatest profits in the ivory trade, although he also earned much from the slave commerce. […] Captain John Adams, in his journey between 1786-1800, was the last chronicler to witness the existence of the slave trade in Benin proper.” §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 325–326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§ “Jacolliot's estimate of Benin City's population, in 1879, was fifty thousand”. §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§ “Benin City, indeed, appears to have been depopulated from time to time, as Nyendael and King reported, during and immediately after periods of civil strife. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that Benin was ever a large town, and, in times of relative peace and stability, its population could be counted in five digits.” §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 741, "polity": { "id": 672, "name": "ni_benin_emp", "long_name": "Benin Empire", "start_year": 1140, "end_year": 1897 }, "year_from": 1897, "year_to": 1897, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 27000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 27000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. “The population of Benin Division, which we equate with the Benin kingdom, was reckoned at about 292,000 in the 1952 census. Some 54,000 of these lived in the capital, Benin City, and the rest in several hundred compact villages, ranging in size from less than 20 to (in one case only) more than 6,000 souls. The great majority of villages had populations of less than 1,000; 400 or 500 may be taken as typical. Before 1897 Benin City probably had less than half its 1952 population. Even so, its urban, metropolitan character contrasted sharply with the small scale of village society.” §REF§Bradbury, R. E. (1967). The Kingdom of Benin. In West African Kingdoms in the Nineteenth Century (Repr, pp. 1–35). Published for the International African Institute by Oxford University Press: 8. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/Z8DJIKP8/collection§REF§ “Landolphe, who spent more time in Benin kingdom than any other chronicler, observed that the houses in Benin City were well-constructed, and that the population of that metropolis might be as much as eighty thousand. Adams, at approximately the same time, wrote of an irregularly built town of about fifteen thousand people.” NB Adams and Landolphe are referred to in the same text (p332), giving us a timeframe for these observations: “Captain Landolphe, who traded at Gwato and Arebo between 1769-1792, realized his greatest profits in the ivory trade, although he also earned much from the slave commerce. […] Captain John Adams, in his journey between 1786-1800, was the last chronicler to witness the existence of the slave trade in Benin proper.” §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 325–326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§ “Jacolliot's estimate of Benin City's population, in 1879, was fifty thousand”. §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§ “Benin City, indeed, appears to have been depopulated from time to time, as Nyendael and King reported, during and immediately after periods of civil strife. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that Benin was ever a large town, and, in times of relative peace and stability, its population could be counted in five digits.” §REF§Graham, J. D. (1965). The Slave Trade, Depopulation and Human Sacrifice in Benin History: The General Approach. Cahiers d’Études Africaines, 5(18), 317–334: 326. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/4AS9CVZH/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 742, "polity": { "id": 671, "name": "ni_dahomey_k", "long_name": "Foys", "start_year": 1715, "end_year": 1894 }, "year_from": 1700, "year_to": 1800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": true, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 30000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 30000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. “Although the nature of pre Dahomean settlement on the plateau is poorly understood, it is clear that by the 18th century two Dahomean cities rose to dominance across the region: Abomey and Cana. Abomey, an expansive community settled around a marketplace and a series of royal palace compounds, emerged as greater Dahomey's political capital and home to as many as 30,000 in the 18th century. Nearby Cana also became a significant center on the plateau in this period. It was a major node in regional administration and interregional trade routes, with significant regional markets and as many as 15,000 inhabitants in the 18th century. Historical population estimates suggest 21 to 33 percent of the plateau's population lived at Abomey and Cana.” §REF§Monroe, J. C. (2011). Urbanism on West Africa’s Slave Coast: Archaeology sheds new light on cities in the era of the Atlantic slave trade. American Scientist, 99(5), 400–409: 406. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/E5WA63Z2/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 743, "polity": { "id": 671, "name": "ni_dahomey_k", "long_name": "Foys", "start_year": 1715, "end_year": 1894 }, "year_from": 1801, "year_to": 1892, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": true, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. “Although the nature of pre Dahomean settlement on the plateau is poorly understood, it is clear that by the 18th century two Dahomean cities rose to dominance across the region: Abomey and Cana. Abomey, an expansive community settled around a marketplace and a series of royal palace compounds, emerged as greater Dahomey's political capital and home to as many as 30,000 in the 18th century. Nearby Cana also became a significant center on the plateau in this period. It was a major node in regional administration and interregional trade routes, with significant regional markets and as many as 15,000 inhabitants in the 18th century. Historical population estimates suggest 21 to 33 percent of the plateau's population lived at Abomey and Cana.” §REF§Monroe, J. C. (2011). Urbanism on West Africa’s Slave Coast: Archaeology sheds new light on cities in the era of the Atlantic slave trade. American Scientist, 99(5), 400–409: 406. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/GWWIKDDM/items/E5WA63Z2/collection§REF§" }, { "id": 744, "polity": { "id": 280, "name": "hu_hun_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of the Huns", "start_year": 376, "end_year": 469 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 500, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1000, "comment": null, "description": " Nomadic villages rather than permanent settlements. “Before they invaded the Empire, the Huns, like other nomads, probably lived in fairly small tenting groups, perhaps 500-1,000 people, who kept their distance from their fellows so as to exploit the grassland more effectively. Only on special occasions or to plan a major expedition would larger numbers come together and even then they could only remain together if they had outside resources. The image of a vast, innumerable swarm of Huns covering the landscape like locusts has to be treated with some scepticism.”§REF§(Kennedy 2002: 31) Kennedy, Hugh. 2002. Mongols, Huns and Vikings: Nomads at War. London: Cassell. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZN9N624X§REF§" }, { "id": 745, "polity": { "id": 569, "name": "mx_mexico_1", "long_name": "Early United Mexican States", "start_year": 1810, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": 1810, "year_to": 1810, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 170000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 170000, "comment": null, "description": "“Mexico City was the largest city in the Western Hemisphere, with a population of some 170,000 in 1810, larger than New York, Boston, and Philadelphia combined.”§REF§(Moreno-Brid and Ros 2009: 27) Moreno-Brid, Juan Carlos and Ros, Jaime. 2009. Development and Growth in the Mexican Economy: A Historical Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/PZXKGTTV§REF§ “On March 17 1900, finally, the Grand Canal was opened…. Engineers had planned for the canal to service the needs of an urban population of 350,000. In contrast, the city’s population in 1910 stood at approximately 471,000.”§REF§(Garza 2011: 320) Garza, James A. 2011. “Conquering the Environment and Surviving Natural Disasters,” in A Companion to Mexican History and Culture, ed. William H. Beezley. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 316–27. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TF5GMWVK§REF§ “Urban populations increased rapidly; the capital swelled from 200,000 in 1858 to 330,000 in 1895, and 471,000 in 1910. Regional capitals such as Guadalajara, Puebla, and Monterrey, and even small towns like Torreón and Ciudad Juárez, grew dramatically.”§REF§(Bunker and Macias-Gonzalez 2011: 68) Bunker, Steven B. and Macías-González, Víctor M. 2011. “Consumption and Material Culture from Pre-Contact through the Porfiriato,” in A Companion to Mexican History and Culture, ed. William H. Beezley. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. pp54–82. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SDIQ5VE7§REF§ " }, { "id": 746, "polity": { "id": 569, "name": "mx_mexico_1", "long_name": "Early United Mexican States", "start_year": 1810, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": 1858, "year_to": 1858, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 200000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": "“Mexico City was the largest city in the Western Hemisphere, with a population of some 170,000 in 1810, larger than New York, Boston, and Philadelphia combined.”§REF§(Moreno-Brid and Ros 2009: 27) Moreno-Brid, Juan Carlos and Ros, Jaime. 2009. Development and Growth in the Mexican Economy: A Historical Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/PZXKGTTV§REF§ “On March 17 1900, finally, the Grand Canal was opened…. Engineers had planned for the canal to service the needs of an urban population of 350,000. In contrast, the city’s population in 1910 stood at approximately 471,000.”§REF§(Garza 2011: 320) Garza, James A. 2011. “Conquering the Environment and Surviving Natural Disasters,” in A Companion to Mexican History and Culture, ed. William H. Beezley. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 316–27. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TF5GMWVK§REF§ “Urban populations increased rapidly; the capital swelled from 200,000 in 1858 to 330,000 in 1895, and 471,000 in 1910. Regional capitals such as Guadalajara, Puebla, and Monterrey, and even small towns like Torreón and Ciudad Juárez, grew dramatically.”§REF§(Bunker and Macias-Gonzalez 2011: 68) Bunker, Steven B. and Macías-González, Víctor M. 2011. “Consumption and Material Culture from Pre-Contact through the Porfiriato,” in A Companion to Mexican History and Culture, ed. William H. Beezley. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. pp54–82. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SDIQ5VE7§REF§ " }, { "id": 747, "polity": { "id": 569, "name": "mx_mexico_1", "long_name": "Early United Mexican States", "start_year": 1810, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": 1910, "year_to": 1910, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 471000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 471000, "comment": null, "description": "“Mexico City was the largest city in the Western Hemisphere, with a population of some 170,000 in 1810, larger than New York, Boston, and Philadelphia combined.”§REF§(Moreno-Brid and Ros 2009: 27) Moreno-Brid, Juan Carlos and Ros, Jaime. 2009. Development and Growth in the Mexican Economy: A Historical Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/PZXKGTTV§REF§ “On March 17 1900, finally, the Grand Canal was opened…. Engineers had planned for the canal to service the needs of an urban population of 350,000. In contrast, the city’s population in 1910 stood at approximately 471,000.”§REF§(Garza 2011: 320) Garza, James A. 2011. “Conquering the Environment and Surviving Natural Disasters,” in A Companion to Mexican History and Culture, ed. William H. Beezley. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. 316–27. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TF5GMWVK§REF§ “Urban populations increased rapidly; the capital swelled from 200,000 in 1858 to 330,000 in 1895, and 471,000 in 1910. Regional capitals such as Guadalajara, Puebla, and Monterrey, and even small towns like Torreón and Ciudad Juárez, grew dramatically.”§REF§(Bunker and Macias-Gonzalez 2011: 68) Bunker, Steven B. and Macías-González, Víctor M. 2011. “Consumption and Material Culture from Pre-Contact through the Porfiriato,” in A Companion to Mexican History and Culture, ed. William H. Beezley. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. pp54–82. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SDIQ5VE7§REF§ " }, { "id": 748, "polity": { "id": 579, "name": "gb_england_plantagenet", "long_name": "Plantagenet England", "start_year": 1154, "end_year": 1485 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 70000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 70000, "comment": null, "description": " inhabitants. London had a population of around 70,000 people, perhaps more, by 1300. However, other larger towns are unlikely to have exceeded 20,000 (most being much less), making London the largest settlement by far.§REF§(Prestwich 2005: 20) Prestwich, Michael. 2005. Plantagenet England 1225-1360. Oxford: Oxford University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XTBKFDCI§REF§" }, { "id": 749, "polity": { "id": 568, "name": "cz_bohemian_k_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty", "start_year": 1310, "end_year": 1526 }, "year_from": 1400, "year_to": 1400, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 35000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 40000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Prague was the capital city and largest settlement: “Population figures for Prague are rather inexact, as calculations of this nature are for practically all medieval cities. The estimates range from 30,000 up to 100,000 but the figure most defensible for Prague city at the end of the fourteenth century is in the vicinity of 40,000. One hundred years later the population had diminished by 35 per cent to around 25,000.”§REF§(Fudge 2010: 20) Fudge, Thomas A. 2010. Jan Hus: Religious Reform and Social Revolution in Bohemia. London; New York: I. B. Tauris. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Z325C95F§REF§ “As for population, that of Prague most likely rose to 35,000 by 1400, and thus joined the largest imperial towns such as Nuremberg, Frankfurt am Main and Cologne.”§REF§(Pánek and Oldřich 2009: 144) Pánek, Jaroslav and Oldřich, Tůma. 2009. A History of the Czech Lands. University of Chicago Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4NAX9KBJ§REF§ " }, { "id": 750, "polity": { "id": 305, "name": "it_lombard_k", "long_name": "Lombard Kingdom", "start_year": 568, "end_year": 774 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": " Settlement figures have not been mentioned in the sources consulted." }, { "id": 751, "polity": { "id": 575, "name": "us_united_states_of_america_reconstruction", "long_name": "Us Reconstruction-Progressive", "start_year": 1866, "end_year": 1933 }, "year_from": 1870, "year_to": 1870, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 923944, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 923944, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.New York was by far the settlement with the largest population during this period. Census records show the population as 923,944 in 1870, which had grown by 1930 to almost 7 million. §REF§US Census Bureau 1930: xxi, 26. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/AHQEFPXB§REF§ " }, { "id": 752, "polity": { "id": 575, "name": "us_united_states_of_america_reconstruction", "long_name": "Us Reconstruction-Progressive", "start_year": 1866, "end_year": 1933 }, "year_from": 1880, "year_to": 1880, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 11911608, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 11911608, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.New York was by far the settlement with the largest population during this period. Census records show the population as 923,944 in 1870, which had grown by 1930 to almost 7 million. §REF§US Census Bureau 1930: xxi, 26. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/AHQEFPXB§REF§ " }, { "id": 753, "polity": { "id": 575, "name": "us_united_states_of_america_reconstruction", "long_name": "Us Reconstruction-Progressive", "start_year": 1866, "end_year": 1933 }, "year_from": 1890, "year_to": 1890, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 2507414, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 2507414, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.New York was by far the settlement with the largest population during this period. Census records show the population as 923,944 in 1870, which had grown by 1930 to almost 7 million. §REF§US Census Bureau 1930: xxi, 26. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/AHQEFPXB§REF§ " } ] }