Population Of The Largest Settlement List
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{ "count": 577, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/population-of-the-largest-settlements/?format=api&page=2", "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 302, "polity": { "id": 350, "name": "af_greco_bactrian_k", "long_name": "Greco-Bactrian Kingdom", "start_year": -256, "end_year": -125 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 25000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 50000, "comment": null, "description": "[25,000-50,000] - reasoning below <i>ET</i><br>Ai Khanoum was a substantial and sophisticated city: there was a \"sprawling\" palace complex, theatre, temple, gymnasium, arsenal, storehouses, cemetery, a wall, fortifications and multiple areas for habitation.§REF§(Holt 1999, Map p.42) Holt, F L. 1999. Thundering Zeus: The Making of Hellenistic Bactria. University of California Press§REF§ The people imported olive oil and visited \"a Greek theatre like that of Delphi and larger than the one at Babylon.\"§REF§(Holt 1999, 43) Holt, F L. 1999. Thundering Zeus: The Making of Hellenistic Bactria. University of California Press§REF§ The city held \"an elite residential district with 50 or more mansions\"§REF§(www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/afgh02-06enl.html)§REF§ and among the segregated Greek/non-Greek population could be found \"every occupation and trade one would find in a prosperous town in Greece itself.\"§REF§(www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/afgh02-06enl.html)§REF§<br>The theatre had a seating capacity of 6,000; although this might not \"represent the size of the population living in the city.\"§REF§(Sherwin-White and Kuhrt 1993) Sherwin-White S M and Kuhrt A. 1993. From Samarkhand to Sardis: A New Approach to the Seleucid Empire. University of California Press§REF§ The gymnasium was remarkable for being \"the largest in the Greek world.\"§REF§(Boyce and Grenet 1993, 158) Boyce M and Grenet F. 1991. Handbuch der Orientalistik: Der Nahe und der Mittlere Osten. A History of Zoroastrianism. Volume III. E.J. Brill. Leiden.§REF§<br>The population at Ai Khanoum may be much larger than the theatre's 6,000 capacity. The region was surrounded by irrigated lands had a military base and diverse cultural life. The 6,000 may provide a lower limit for an estimate. The loose correlation between the seating-capacity of any settlement's largest theatre and its peak population size might assist an improved estimate. The largest Greek cities had theatres with seating-capacity of up to 17,000. If Ai Khanoum's theatre was one third of the size, then its population might be that much less than the population of the largest Greek city (100k?).<br>For an upper limit for the population at Ai Khanoum we could look at Samarkand in 300 BCE which may have had 100,000. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 55) Modelski, G. 2003. World Cities -3000 to -2000. Faros 2000.§REF§ (No estimate for 200 BCE, however Samarkand still in existence at this time). Although Samarkand may not have had this population level in 200 BCE 100,000 might be considered to be near the upper limit of what could be expected for Ai Khanoum, which is in the same region, 100 years later. The seating-capacity of the theatre at Ai Khanoum, however, would suggest a population much lower than this.<br>Ai Khanum is one of the only cities to have been discovered. The shape of the town was triangular, extending for two km in a north-south direction, one and a half km from east-west. It is located along the left bank of the Amu Darya at its confluence with the Kokcha River. The city was protected by large towers, a moat and an acropolis, as well as a large palace complex. Accurate estimates of its population are impossible because of the amount of looting on the site. §REF§Bernard, P. 'Ar Khanoum en Afghanistan hier (1964-1978) et aujourd'hui (2001): un site en pmi- Perspectives d'avenir', CRAI, pp. 971 1029. (2001)§REF§" }, { "id": 303, "polity": { "id": 253, "name": "cn_eastern_han_dyn", "long_name": "Eastern Han Empire", "start_year": 25, "end_year": 220 }, "year_from": 100, "year_to": 100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 420000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 420000, "comment": null, "description": " People. Luoyang.<br>Luoyang 420,000 in 100 CE.§REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§ Luoyang 260,000 in 1 CE, 420,000 in 100 CE; 100,000 in 200 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Chang 'an 333,000 in 100 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§ Chang 'an 420,000 in 1 CE; 100,000 in 100 CE.§REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Soochow 245,000 in 100 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>Maoling 180,000 in 1 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Lu 170,000 in 1 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Zhangling 165,000 in 1 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Yangling 160,000 in 1 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Nanking 158,000 in 100 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>Wan 155,000 in 1 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Linzi 100,000 in 1 CE; 100,000 in 200 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Chengdu 70,000 in 100 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§ Chengdu 250,000 in 1 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Wuchang 65,000 in 100 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§" }, { "id": 304, "polity": { "id": 253, "name": "cn_eastern_han_dyn", "long_name": "Eastern Han Empire", "start_year": 25, "end_year": 220 }, "year_from": 200, "year_to": 200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": " People. Luoyang.<br>Luoyang 420,000 in 100 CE.§REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§ Luoyang 260,000 in 1 CE, 420,000 in 100 CE; 100,000 in 200 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Chang 'an 333,000 in 100 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§ Chang 'an 420,000 in 1 CE; 100,000 in 100 CE.§REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Soochow 245,000 in 100 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>Maoling 180,000 in 1 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Lu 170,000 in 1 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Zhangling 165,000 in 1 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Yangling 160,000 in 1 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Nanking 158,000 in 100 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>Wan 155,000 in 1 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Linzi 100,000 in 1 CE; 100,000 in 200 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Chengdu 70,000 in 100 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§ Chengdu 250,000 in 1 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 44)§REF§<br>Wuchang 65,000 in 100 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§" }, { "id": 305, "polity": { "id": 254, "name": "cn_western_jin_dyn", "long_name": "Western Jin", "start_year": 265, "end_year": 317 }, "year_from": 300, "year_to": 300, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 600000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 600000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Luoyang.<br>\"At the height of Jin rule before the War of the Eight Princes, Luoyang had had a population of about 600,000 occupying a space of three square miles within the city walls; it was the largest city in eastern Asia and probably second only to Rome as the largest in the world.\"§REF§(Graff 2002, 50)§REF§" }, { "id": 306, "polity": { "id": 421, "name": "cn_erlitou", "long_name": "Erlitou", "start_year": -1850, "end_year": -1600 }, "year_from": -1850, "year_to": -1800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 3500, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 5800, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Erlitou started as a large settlement or regional center with 3,500 to 5,000 people in Phase I (1900-1800 BCE). Liu (2006) uses number of pits and burials to calculate population range.§REF§(Liu 2006: 183) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/DPH4F6DB\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/DPH4F6DB</a>.§REF§ \"Erlitou is a very large site, covering approximately 300 ha and having an estimated population of 18,000-30,000 inhabitants at the height of its occupation (phases II and III; Liu 2006, p. 183).\" §REF§(Shelach and Jaffe 2014, 330)§REF§ Fast population growth: \"The Erlitou urban center expanded rapidly from 100 ha to 300 ha within 100 years.\" §REF§(Liu 2009, 226)§REF§" }, { "id": 307, "polity": { "id": 421, "name": "cn_erlitou", "long_name": "Erlitou", "start_year": -1850, "end_year": -1600 }, "year_from": -1799, "year_to": -1651, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 18000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 30000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Erlitou started as a large settlement or regional center with 3,500 to 5,000 people in Phase I (1900-1800 BCE). Liu (2006) uses number of pits and burials to calculate population range.§REF§(Liu 2006: 183) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/DPH4F6DB\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/DPH4F6DB</a>.§REF§ \"Erlitou is a very large site, covering approximately 300 ha and having an estimated population of 18,000-30,000 inhabitants at the height of its occupation (phases II and III; Liu 2006, p. 183).\" §REF§(Shelach and Jaffe 2014, 330)§REF§ Fast population growth: \"The Erlitou urban center expanded rapidly from 100 ha to 300 ha within 100 years.\" §REF§(Liu 2009, 226)§REF§" }, { "id": 308, "polity": { "id": 470, "name": "cn_hmong_1", "long_name": "Hmong - Late Qing", "start_year": 1701, "end_year": 1895 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 5000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 10000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. The largest settlements in the Qiandongnan region of China may have had up to 1,000 households, or perhaps 5000-10,000 people. §REF§Melvin Ember. Carol R. Ember. 1999. Cultures of the world: selections from the ten-volume encyclopaedia of world cultures. Macmillan Library Reference. p. 192§REF§" }, { "id": 309, "polity": { "id": 420, "name": "cn_longshan", "long_name": "Longshan", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1900 }, "year_from": -3000, "year_to": -2601, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 5000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 20000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. \"Population density reached its peak in the late Neolithic\" period; largest settlment pre-Taosi phase approximately 100 ha,§REF§(Liu 2005: 27) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H</a>?.§REF§§REF§(Xie, Daudjee, Liu, Sebillaud 2019: 6) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H</a>?.§REF§ so if we estimate 50-200 inhabitants per hectare, then it would have been occupied by between 5,000 to 20,000. \"In the early Taosi phase, the largest site reached 280 ha in size,\"§REF§(Liu 2005: 172) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H</a>?.§REF§ so if we estimate 50-200 inhabitants per hectare, then it would have been occupied by between 14,000 and 56,000 people." }, { "id": 310, "polity": { "id": 420, "name": "cn_longshan", "long_name": "Longshan", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1900 }, "year_from": -2600, "year_to": -1900, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 14000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 56000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. \"Population density reached its peak in the late Neolithic\" period; largest settlment pre-Taosi phase approximately 100 ha,§REF§(Liu 2005: 27) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H</a>?.§REF§§REF§(Xie, Daudjee, Liu, Sebillaud 2019: 6) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H</a>?.§REF§ so if we estimate 50-200 inhabitants per hectare, then it would have been occupied by between 5,000 to 20,000. \"In the early Taosi phase, the largest site reached 280 ha in size,\"§REF§(Liu 2005: 172) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H</a>?.§REF§ so if we estimate 50-200 inhabitants per hectare, then it would have been occupied by between 14,000 and 56,000 people." }, { "id": 311, "polity": { "id": 269, "name": "cn_ming_dyn", "long_name": "Great Ming", "start_year": 1368, "end_year": 1644 }, "year_from": 1400, "year_to": 1400, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 150000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 150000, "comment": null, "description": " people<br>Beijing: 400,000: 1350 CE; 150,000: 1400 CE; 600,000: 1450 CE; 672,000: 1500 CE; 690,000: 1550 CE; 706,000: 1575 CE; 706,000: 1650 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§" }, { "id": 312, "polity": { "id": 269, "name": "cn_ming_dyn", "long_name": "Great Ming", "start_year": 1368, "end_year": 1644 }, "year_from": 1500, "year_to": 1500, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 672000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 672000, "comment": null, "description": " people<br>Beijing: 400,000: 1350 CE; 150,000: 1400 CE; 600,000: 1450 CE; 672,000: 1500 CE; 690,000: 1550 CE; 706,000: 1575 CE; 706,000: 1650 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§" }, { "id": 313, "polity": { "id": 269, "name": "cn_ming_dyn", "long_name": "Great Ming", "start_year": 1368, "end_year": 1644 }, "year_from": 1600, "year_to": 1600, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 706000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 706000, "comment": null, "description": " people<br>Beijing: 400,000: 1350 CE; 150,000: 1400 CE; 600,000: 1450 CE; 672,000: 1500 CE; 690,000: 1550 CE; 706,000: 1575 CE; 706,000: 1650 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§" }, { "id": 314, "polity": { "id": 258, "name": "cn_northern_wei_dyn", "long_name": "Northern Wei", "start_year": 386, "end_year": 534 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 600000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 600000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Luoyang grew to a population of 600,000. §REF§(Graff 2002, 98)§REF§" }, { "id": 315, "polity": { "id": 543, "name": "cn_peiligang", "long_name": "Peiligang", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -5001 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 4000, "comment": null, "description": " Estimate based on 50-200 inhabitants per hectare. Tanghu is the largest Peiligang settlement that has been discovered.§REF§(Zhang et al. 2012: e52146) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/WVR8Q6DM\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/WVR8Q6DM</a>.§REF§ Peregrine (2001: 283) writes that settlements were between 10,000 and 20,000 square meters.§REF§(Peregrine 2001: 283) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/QUL2KD3Z\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/QUL2KD3Z</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 316, "polity": { "id": 1, "name": "cn_qing_dyn_1", "long_name": "Early Qing", "start_year": 1644, "end_year": 1796 }, "year_from": 1700, "year_to": 1700, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 668200, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 822600, "comment": null, "description": " people. 580,390: 1647 CE; 612,075 : 1657 CE; 668,226: 1671 CE; 822,625: 1711 CE; 890,892: 1781 CE §REF§Sit, F. S., & 薛鳳旋. 1996 北京: 由傳統國都到社會主義首都. 香港: 香港大學出版社§REF§- Hankou : 99,380 people in 1721 CE §REF§(Zhang, 2011, p.129)§REF§" }, { "id": 317, "polity": { "id": 2, "name": "cn_qing_dyn_2", "long_name": "Late Qing", "start_year": 1796, "end_year": 1912 }, "year_from": 1796, "year_to": 1796, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 890892, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 890892, "comment": null, "description": " people§REF§(Sit, F. S., & 薛鳳旋. 1996 北京: 由傳統國都到社會主義首都. 香港: 香港大學出版社)§REF§" }, { "id": 318, "polity": { "id": 2, "name": "cn_qing_dyn_2", "long_name": "Late Qing", "start_year": 1796, "end_year": 1912 }, "year_from": 1882, "year_to": 1882, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1039360, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1039360, "comment": null, "description": " people§REF§(Sit, F. S., & 薛鳳旋. 1996 北京: 由傳統國都到社會主義首都. 香港: 香港大學出版社)§REF§" }, { "id": 319, "polity": { "id": 2, "name": "cn_qing_dyn_2", "long_name": "Late Qing", "start_year": 1796, "end_year": 1912 }, "year_from": 1910, "year_to": 1910, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1104372, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1104372, "comment": null, "description": " people§REF§(Sit, F. S., & 薛鳳旋. 1996 北京: 由傳統國都到社會主義首都. 香港: 香港大學出版社)§REF§" }, { "id": 320, "polity": { "id": 243, "name": "cn_late_shang_dyn", "long_name": "Late Shang", "start_year": -1250, "end_year": -1045 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 4000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 4000, "comment": null, "description": " people.<br>Old capital at Zhengzhou, Ao. Aristocratic stronghold. Extended 7000 meters, enclosed 3.2 km. §REF§(Cotterell 1995, 15)§REF§<br>If population density 350 per urban hectare §REF§(Modelski 1997 <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"https://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/WCITI2.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]</a>)§REF§ and there's 11.2 hectares, about 4000.<br>Perimeter walls of the capital Anyang just 800 yards. §REF§(Armstrong 2006, 27)§REF§" }, { "id": 321, "polity": { "id": 261, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_1", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty I", "start_year": 617, "end_year": 763 }, "year_from": 700, "year_to": 763, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1000000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1000000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Chang'an in the 8th century \"had a population of about one million, with perhaps another million living in its metropolitan area.\" §REF§(Roberts 1996, 106)§REF§" }, { "id": 322, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 764, "year_to": 800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1000000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1000000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Chang 'an. 1,000,000 in 700 and 800 CE.§REF§(Morris 2013) The Measure of Civilization: How Social Development Decides the Fate of Nations. Princeton University Press.§REF§<br>Luoyang population 350,000: 700 CE.§REF§(Tellier 2009, 155) Tellier, Luc-Normand. 2009. Urban World History: An Economic and Geographical Perspective. PUQ.§REF§" }, { "id": 323, "polity": { "id": 251, "name": "cn_western_han_dyn", "long_name": "Western Han Empire", "start_year": -202, "end_year": 9 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 250000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 400000, "comment": null, "description": " People. Chang 'an.250,000 people given in the historical sources; §REF§(Loewe 1986a, 206)§REF§ 400,000 from Chase-Dunn calculations§REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>300,000 at peak.§REF§(Du and Koenig 2012, 173) Du, P and Koenig, A. in Angelakis, Andreas Niklaos. Mays, Larry W. Koutsoyiannis, Demetris. 2012. Evolution of Water Supply Through the Millennia. IWA Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 324, "polity": { "id": 244, "name": "cn_western_zhou_dyn", "long_name": "Western Zhou", "start_year": -1122, "end_year": -771 }, "year_from": -1045, "year_to": -901, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": " People. Haoqing. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 34)§REF§" }, { "id": 325, "polity": { "id": 244, "name": "cn_western_zhou_dyn", "long_name": "Western Zhou", "start_year": -1122, "end_year": -771 }, "year_from": -900, "year_to": -795, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 125000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 125000, "comment": null, "description": " People. Haoqing. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 34)§REF§" }, { "id": 326, "polity": { "id": 419, "name": "cn_yangshao", "long_name": "Yangshao", "start_year": -5000, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 200, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 500, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. \"Several extensively excavated settlement and burial sites reveal that the population size of a Yangshao community varied from several dozens (70-80) to a few hundreds. In some favorable farming regions, for instance, the Weishe basin, the density of Yangshao settlement sites exceed that of the modern village. Although some Yangshao sites may not be contemporary, their density is still impressive.\" §REF§(Lee in Peregrine and Ember 2001, 335)§REF§" }, { "id": 327, "polity": { "id": 268, "name": "cn_yuan_dyn", "long_name": "Great Yuan", "start_year": 1271, "end_year": 1368 }, "year_from": 1300, "year_to": 1300, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 800000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 800000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Hangzhou 800,000: 1300 CE.§REF§(Morris 2013) Morris, I. 2013. The Measure of Civilization: How Social Development Decides the Fate of Nations. Princeton University Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 328, "polity": { "id": 435, "name": "co_neguanje", "long_name": "Neguanje", "start_year": 250, "end_year": 1050 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 400, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1100, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Unknown.§REF§(Giraldo 2015, personal communication)§REF§ However, a 7 hectare settlement at 100 persons per hectare would provide a very rough estimate of 700 people.<br>Pueblito was between 6 and 8 ha: \"The data recovered through the shovel tests was used to map out the extents of the Neguanje period occupation, indicating the existence of a small village covering 6 to 8 hectares organized along the banks of the permanent streams.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2010, 285)§REF§" }, { "id": 329, "polity": { "id": 436, "name": "co_tairona", "long_name": "Tairona", "start_year": 1050, "end_year": 1524 }, "year_from": 1100, "year_to": 1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 200, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Pueblito: [3000-5000] Ciudad Perdida: [2500-3000]<br>Information from Langebaek 2005 §REF§(Langebaek 2005, 25-7)§REF§ :<br>PUEBLITO. Reichel-Dolmatoff and Groot estimate the number of dwellings of Pueblito at about 1000. Murdy estimates the number of dwellings at 500-1000 and the population between 3000 and 5000 inhabitants. Engel had estimated the number of inhabitants at 1000. Wynn estimated a population ranging between 4500 and 5000.<br>CIUDAD PERDIDA. Wilson estimated the population at 7200 but using an arbitrary number of inhabitants by ha. Castaño estimated it at 3000 inhabitants. Rodriguez: between 1400-3000. Rodriguez and Botero: Alto Buritaca and Nulicuandecue would have had 8000 people at 66 people per ha, and Ciudad Perdida 1716 inhabitants. Serje estimated 1500 people.<br>Population estimate for Pueblito: \"By AD 1000-1100, the Neguanje village was a tight cluster of residences organized around the major streams, and reached a size of approximately five hectares. If one takes into account the outlying residences, though it is still not clear if we can consider them to be part of the village or not, the area increases to about ten hectares. Despite these reservations, it seems likely that people living some distance from the main settlement cluster had some sort of relationship with the villagers, regardless of whether these residential units may or may not be considered a part of it. How fast or how slowly did the village expand at this point in time? This question cannot be answered by way of the data recovered through the shovel tests, but I will certainly address it in the next chapter, since excavations in the core area allowed us to gain a better sense of the speed and tempo of expansion during this early period. Population densities for the Neguanje village were very probably less than the 31.8 people per hectare estimated for the Tairona period, but the tight clustering and artifact densities suggest that at its peak the village population was between 100 and 160 inhabitants. If we add in the outlying residential clusters, the population might have feasibly reached 180 to 200 inhabitants. In comparison to the population figures estimated for Pueblito during the Tairona period, the demographic difference is profound and shows a dramatic increase in population.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2010, 110-111)§REF§It seems that between 1100 and abandonment in the 16th century there was substantial population growth, so it is not possible to assess the population between 1100 and 1350 CE.At 1200 and 1300 CE: the population number has been given a range between the range for 1100CE and that for 1500 CE.<br>\"Fast forward next to 1975. Archaeologists Luisa Fernanda Herrera and Gilberto Cadavid have almost completed a large survey of the northern and western sides of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, locating and documenting two hundred and eleven sites with similar characteristics, ranging from a few terraces and circular buildings, stone paths and stairways to very large towns like Pueblito surpassing one hundred hectares. Site 200 found in this survey, or Buritaca 200, as it was then called, is Ciudad Perdida, the “Lost City”, comprising more than 30 hectares of stone masonry terracing, circular and oblong buildings, stairways, and flag-stoned paths and sidewalks.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2010, 22-23)§REF§Pueblito was probably bigger than Ciudad Perdida for the NGA area, even though Ciudad Perdida was the biggest settlement in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.<br>\"In a town such as Ciudad Perdida that by A.D. 1500 would have had 2500 to 3000 inhabitants, everyone would have been on view to everyone all the time as they moved about or worked in the open spaces and patios.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2014)§REF§<br>In the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: \"The largest of the sites is Ciudad Perdida, built between 1,100-1,200 masl. The temperature is stable year-round with minor fluctuations between a maximum of 26 C during the day and a minimum of 16.5 C at night. The annual precipitation is approximately 4,000 mm. This carefully planned “city” is strategically located to dominate the Buritaca River Valley (for a discussion on Tairona urbanism see Aprile-Gniset 1991: 33-113). It has 120 residential terraces, each with one or more circular house platforms of fine stone masonry where a large circular building formerly stood. These terraces are interconnected by a complex web of flagstone stairs and pathways (Figure 22.14). Everything is linked by a simple systems of water drainage with channels designed to control water force as it ran down the steep slopes. Water runs slowly along the stone walls next to stairs and pathways to end in streams that dissect the site. In this way the Tairona controlled erosion, one of the major problems typically arising in steeply inclined environments (Serje de la Ossa 1984). If we suppose that a terrace (Figure 22.14b) represents one family unit, in contrast to the traditional western assumption that each circular house platform equals a family unit, then we can estimate that this site probably had a population of between 400-600 persons living in an area of 18 ha.\" §REF§(Oyuela-Caycedo 2008, 419-423)§REF§<br>\"The lower portions of the Sierra Nevada, 360-500 m (1,181-1,650 ft) above sea level, were first occupied in the sixth and seventh centuries and the higher zones several centuries later. One of the largest of these late settlements is the site Ciudad Perdida (figure 10.18) Ciudad Perdida—also known as Teyuna and Buritaca 200—is a large set of terraces, circular dwellings, tombs, and plazas built on a web of ridges above the Rio Buritaca. The site covers about 30 ha (74 acres) and was discovered by looters in the mid-1970s. With more than 100 residential terraces, population may have been 2,000-8,000 people.\" §REF§(Moore 2014, 395)§REF§<br>\"By the 16th century, we estimate that Teyuna might have had a population between fifteen hundred and two thousand people. If we add to this the popula- tion estimates for the surrounding settlements, approximately ten thousand people were living in this area alone at this time. Bear in mind that these are very conservative estimates, since precise demographics for pre-Hispanic populations are incredibly difficult to calculate.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2009, 25)§REF§" }, { "id": 330, "polity": { "id": 436, "name": "co_tairona", "long_name": "Tairona", "start_year": 1050, "end_year": 1524 }, "year_from": 1150, "year_to": 1399, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 150, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 4000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Pueblito: [3000-5000] Ciudad Perdida: [2500-3000]<br>Information from Langebaek 2005 §REF§(Langebaek 2005, 25-7)§REF§ :<br>PUEBLITO. Reichel-Dolmatoff and Groot estimate the number of dwellings of Pueblito at about 1000. Murdy estimates the number of dwellings at 500-1000 and the population between 3000 and 5000 inhabitants. Engel had estimated the number of inhabitants at 1000. Wynn estimated a population ranging between 4500 and 5000.<br>CIUDAD PERDIDA. Wilson estimated the population at 7200 but using an arbitrary number of inhabitants by ha. Castaño estimated it at 3000 inhabitants. Rodriguez: between 1400-3000. Rodriguez and Botero: Alto Buritaca and Nulicuandecue would have had 8000 people at 66 people per ha, and Ciudad Perdida 1716 inhabitants. Serje estimated 1500 people.<br>Population estimate for Pueblito: \"By AD 1000-1100, the Neguanje village was a tight cluster of residences organized around the major streams, and reached a size of approximately five hectares. If one takes into account the outlying residences, though it is still not clear if we can consider them to be part of the village or not, the area increases to about ten hectares. Despite these reservations, it seems likely that people living some distance from the main settlement cluster had some sort of relationship with the villagers, regardless of whether these residential units may or may not be considered a part of it. How fast or how slowly did the village expand at this point in time? This question cannot be answered by way of the data recovered through the shovel tests, but I will certainly address it in the next chapter, since excavations in the core area allowed us to gain a better sense of the speed and tempo of expansion during this early period. Population densities for the Neguanje village were very probably less than the 31.8 people per hectare estimated for the Tairona period, but the tight clustering and artifact densities suggest that at its peak the village population was between 100 and 160 inhabitants. If we add in the outlying residential clusters, the population might have feasibly reached 180 to 200 inhabitants. In comparison to the population figures estimated for Pueblito during the Tairona period, the demographic difference is profound and shows a dramatic increase in population.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2010, 110-111)§REF§It seems that between 1100 and abandonment in the 16th century there was substantial population growth, so it is not possible to assess the population between 1100 and 1350 CE.At 1200 and 1300 CE: the population number has been given a range between the range for 1100CE and that for 1500 CE.<br>\"Fast forward next to 1975. Archaeologists Luisa Fernanda Herrera and Gilberto Cadavid have almost completed a large survey of the northern and western sides of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, locating and documenting two hundred and eleven sites with similar characteristics, ranging from a few terraces and circular buildings, stone paths and stairways to very large towns like Pueblito surpassing one hundred hectares. Site 200 found in this survey, or Buritaca 200, as it was then called, is Ciudad Perdida, the “Lost City”, comprising more than 30 hectares of stone masonry terracing, circular and oblong buildings, stairways, and flag-stoned paths and sidewalks.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2010, 22-23)§REF§Pueblito was probably bigger than Ciudad Perdida for the NGA area, even though Ciudad Perdida was the biggest settlement in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.<br>\"In a town such as Ciudad Perdida that by A.D. 1500 would have had 2500 to 3000 inhabitants, everyone would have been on view to everyone all the time as they moved about or worked in the open spaces and patios.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2014)§REF§<br>In the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: \"The largest of the sites is Ciudad Perdida, built between 1,100-1,200 masl. The temperature is stable year-round with minor fluctuations between a maximum of 26 C during the day and a minimum of 16.5 C at night. The annual precipitation is approximately 4,000 mm. This carefully planned “city” is strategically located to dominate the Buritaca River Valley (for a discussion on Tairona urbanism see Aprile-Gniset 1991: 33-113). It has 120 residential terraces, each with one or more circular house platforms of fine stone masonry where a large circular building formerly stood. These terraces are interconnected by a complex web of flagstone stairs and pathways (Figure 22.14). Everything is linked by a simple systems of water drainage with channels designed to control water force as it ran down the steep slopes. Water runs slowly along the stone walls next to stairs and pathways to end in streams that dissect the site. In this way the Tairona controlled erosion, one of the major problems typically arising in steeply inclined environments (Serje de la Ossa 1984). If we suppose that a terrace (Figure 22.14b) represents one family unit, in contrast to the traditional western assumption that each circular house platform equals a family unit, then we can estimate that this site probably had a population of between 400-600 persons living in an area of 18 ha.\" §REF§(Oyuela-Caycedo 2008, 419-423)§REF§<br>\"The lower portions of the Sierra Nevada, 360-500 m (1,181-1,650 ft) above sea level, were first occupied in the sixth and seventh centuries and the higher zones several centuries later. One of the largest of these late settlements is the site Ciudad Perdida (figure 10.18) Ciudad Perdida—also known as Teyuna and Buritaca 200—is a large set of terraces, circular dwellings, tombs, and plazas built on a web of ridges above the Rio Buritaca. The site covers about 30 ha (74 acres) and was discovered by looters in the mid-1970s. With more than 100 residential terraces, population may have been 2,000-8,000 people.\" §REF§(Moore 2014, 395)§REF§<br>\"By the 16th century, we estimate that Teyuna might have had a population between fifteen hundred and two thousand people. If we add to this the popula- tion estimates for the surrounding settlements, approximately ten thousand people were living in this area alone at this time. Bear in mind that these are very conservative estimates, since precise demographics for pre-Hispanic populations are incredibly difficult to calculate.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2009, 25)§REF§" }, { "id": 331, "polity": { "id": 436, "name": "co_tairona", "long_name": "Tairona", "start_year": 1050, "end_year": 1524 }, "year_from": 1400, "year_to": 1524, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 3000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 5000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Pueblito: [3000-5000] Ciudad Perdida: [2500-3000]<br>Information from Langebaek 2005 §REF§(Langebaek 2005, 25-7)§REF§ :<br>PUEBLITO. Reichel-Dolmatoff and Groot estimate the number of dwellings of Pueblito at about 1000. Murdy estimates the number of dwellings at 500-1000 and the population between 3000 and 5000 inhabitants. Engel had estimated the number of inhabitants at 1000. Wynn estimated a population ranging between 4500 and 5000.<br>CIUDAD PERDIDA. Wilson estimated the population at 7200 but using an arbitrary number of inhabitants by ha. Castaño estimated it at 3000 inhabitants. Rodriguez: between 1400-3000. Rodriguez and Botero: Alto Buritaca and Nulicuandecue would have had 8000 people at 66 people per ha, and Ciudad Perdida 1716 inhabitants. Serje estimated 1500 people.<br>Population estimate for Pueblito: \"By AD 1000-1100, the Neguanje village was a tight cluster of residences organized around the major streams, and reached a size of approximately five hectares. If one takes into account the outlying residences, though it is still not clear if we can consider them to be part of the village or not, the area increases to about ten hectares. Despite these reservations, it seems likely that people living some distance from the main settlement cluster had some sort of relationship with the villagers, regardless of whether these residential units may or may not be considered a part of it. How fast or how slowly did the village expand at this point in time? This question cannot be answered by way of the data recovered through the shovel tests, but I will certainly address it in the next chapter, since excavations in the core area allowed us to gain a better sense of the speed and tempo of expansion during this early period. Population densities for the Neguanje village were very probably less than the 31.8 people per hectare estimated for the Tairona period, but the tight clustering and artifact densities suggest that at its peak the village population was between 100 and 160 inhabitants. If we add in the outlying residential clusters, the population might have feasibly reached 180 to 200 inhabitants. In comparison to the population figures estimated for Pueblito during the Tairona period, the demographic difference is profound and shows a dramatic increase in population.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2010, 110-111)§REF§It seems that between 1100 and abandonment in the 16th century there was substantial population growth, so it is not possible to assess the population between 1100 and 1350 CE.At 1200 and 1300 CE: the population number has been given a range between the range for 1100CE and that for 1500 CE.<br>\"Fast forward next to 1975. Archaeologists Luisa Fernanda Herrera and Gilberto Cadavid have almost completed a large survey of the northern and western sides of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, locating and documenting two hundred and eleven sites with similar characteristics, ranging from a few terraces and circular buildings, stone paths and stairways to very large towns like Pueblito surpassing one hundred hectares. Site 200 found in this survey, or Buritaca 200, as it was then called, is Ciudad Perdida, the “Lost City”, comprising more than 30 hectares of stone masonry terracing, circular and oblong buildings, stairways, and flag-stoned paths and sidewalks.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2010, 22-23)§REF§Pueblito was probably bigger than Ciudad Perdida for the NGA area, even though Ciudad Perdida was the biggest settlement in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.<br>\"In a town such as Ciudad Perdida that by A.D. 1500 would have had 2500 to 3000 inhabitants, everyone would have been on view to everyone all the time as they moved about or worked in the open spaces and patios.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2014)§REF§<br>In the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta: \"The largest of the sites is Ciudad Perdida, built between 1,100-1,200 masl. The temperature is stable year-round with minor fluctuations between a maximum of 26 C during the day and a minimum of 16.5 C at night. The annual precipitation is approximately 4,000 mm. This carefully planned “city” is strategically located to dominate the Buritaca River Valley (for a discussion on Tairona urbanism see Aprile-Gniset 1991: 33-113). It has 120 residential terraces, each with one or more circular house platforms of fine stone masonry where a large circular building formerly stood. These terraces are interconnected by a complex web of flagstone stairs and pathways (Figure 22.14). Everything is linked by a simple systems of water drainage with channels designed to control water force as it ran down the steep slopes. Water runs slowly along the stone walls next to stairs and pathways to end in streams that dissect the site. In this way the Tairona controlled erosion, one of the major problems typically arising in steeply inclined environments (Serje de la Ossa 1984). If we suppose that a terrace (Figure 22.14b) represents one family unit, in contrast to the traditional western assumption that each circular house platform equals a family unit, then we can estimate that this site probably had a population of between 400-600 persons living in an area of 18 ha.\" §REF§(Oyuela-Caycedo 2008, 419-423)§REF§<br>\"The lower portions of the Sierra Nevada, 360-500 m (1,181-1,650 ft) above sea level, were first occupied in the sixth and seventh centuries and the higher zones several centuries later. One of the largest of these late settlements is the site Ciudad Perdida (figure 10.18) Ciudad Perdida—also known as Teyuna and Buritaca 200—is a large set of terraces, circular dwellings, tombs, and plazas built on a web of ridges above the Rio Buritaca. The site covers about 30 ha (74 acres) and was discovered by looters in the mid-1970s. With more than 100 residential terraces, population may have been 2,000-8,000 people.\" §REF§(Moore 2014, 395)§REF§<br>\"By the 16th century, we estimate that Teyuna might have had a population between fifteen hundred and two thousand people. If we add to this the popula- tion estimates for the surrounding settlements, approximately ten thousand people were living in this area alone at this time. Bear in mind that these are very conservative estimates, since precise demographics for pre-Hispanic populations are incredibly difficult to calculate.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2009, 25)§REF§" }, { "id": 332, "polity": { "id": 196, "name": "ec_shuar_1", "long_name": "Shuar - Colonial", "start_year": 1534, "end_year": 1830 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 300, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 300, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. The Shuar did not inhabit large settlements, travelling to colonial towns for the purpose of trade rather than settlement (see below). We have therefore chosen to code for the larger margin of the spectrum provided below (see 'settlement hierarchy'). §REF§Beierle, John: eHRAF Cultural Summary for the Jivaro§REF§" }, { "id": 333, "polity": { "id": 197, "name": "ec_shuar_2", "long_name": "Shuar - Ecuadorian", "start_year": 1831, "end_year": 1931 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 300, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 300, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Shuar settlements were small and residential: 'Each community is politically independent with its own headman. Each is also located four or more kilometers from their nearest neighboring community. The community is made up of patrilineally and affinally related individuals, traditionally consisting of from 80 to 300 people (30 to 40 people in the twentieth century), living in one house called a JIVARIA. For defensive purposes, this house is built on a steep hill usually at the upper end of a stream. The house itself is approximately 13 meters by 26 meters in size, elliptical in shape, and has a thatched roof. In times of war, two or more communities united to fight a common enemy, as was the case when the Spanish attempted to conquer them.' §REF§Beierle, John: eHRAF Cultural Summary for the Jivaro§REF§ 'The Jívaro have a tropical-forest agriculture, growing cassava, corn (maize), sweet potatoes, and other crops supplemented by the gathering of wild fruits, fishing, and hunting. The blowgun and poisoned darts are their chief weapons. Related families live in a single large community house rather than in a village.' §REF§<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.britannica.com/topic/Jivaro\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.britannica.com/topic/Jivaro</a>§REF§ 'The houses are always very spacious since they have to serve more than one family. According to one of my informants, such a house is inhabited by up to 50 persons. As a rule it is the Curaca, as the chief, with his children and their wives and husbands. And since a Curaca may have up to ten wives, the great number of dwellers can be explained without difficulty. The aforementioned house of the Curaca Laichape had a width of 10 meters and a length of 15 meters. 20 - 30 persons lived in this house.' §REF§Brüning, Hans H. 1928. “Travelling In The Aguaruna Region”, 52§REF§ 'It is the rule that a settlement consists of only one house. Two houses, as I had seen them, for instance, in S. Antonio, are rarely found together. The various houses form, however, larger or smaller groups, separated from each other by forest and yet connected with each other by narrow footpaths. One such group has a definite name.' §REF§Brüning, Hans H. 1928. “Travelling In The Aguaruna Region”, 52§REF§ '“Jivaro houses, it might be noted, are never built closely together after the manner of a village, but widely separated in the jungle, with greater resultant personal freedom and less squabbling amongst neighbours. A wise precaution which we in our country might emulate to advantage.”' §REF§Dyott, George Miller 1926. “On The Trail Of The Unknown In The Wilds Of Ecuador And The Amazon”, 160§REF§ Brüning accounts for some migration: 'The Indians are inhabitants of a region which extends along the upper course of the Marañón River, from Yusamaro downward to Puerto Meléndez at the Pongo de Manseriche. They live in this region in small and widely dispersed settlements close to the banks of the River. I have been informed that their chief settlements are located farther up along the tributary rivers. Beyond Yusamaro no Indians are said to remain anymore, yet formerly their settlements are said to have extended to the Pongo Rentema. They had moved down to the Marañón River on account of the quarrels they had with the whites or, rather, the mestizos. Their settlements can not be called permanent anyway. Despite the fact that the Indians live at one place for a long time, and in relatively permanent dwellings at that, they are said to leave their settlements frequently for no special reason in order to reestablish themselves again at some distance from the former settlement.' §REF§Brüning, Hans H. 1928. “Travelling In The Aguaruna Region”, 46§REF§ White settlers established colonial towns of varying permanence: 'By 1899, when the explorer Up de Graff ascended the Marañón, Barranca was considered the westernmost outpost of civilization on the river (1923:146). It had, nevertheless, withstood its own share of Indian attacks (Larrabure i Correa 1905/II:369; IX:357-367). Less than a year prior to Up de Graff's visit, Barranca was nearly devastated by a party of Huambisas who arrived from upriver ostensibly to trade, but then burned and looted most of the cauchero quarters (Up de Graff 1923:150).' §REF§Bennett Ross, Jane 1984. “Effects Of Contact On Revenge Hostilities Among The Achuará Jívaro”, 91§REF§ 'By the turn of the century, when Ecuadorian missionaries had reunited some of the scattered refugees and reestablished their town on the Bobonaza River, there were at least a dozen caucheros exploiting rubber along western tributaries of the middle Pastaza such as the Huasaga (Fuentes 1908/I:194ff.), which was gradually being occupied by southward-moving Achuarä.' §REF§Bennett Ross, Jane 1984. “Effects Of Contact On Revenge Hostilities Among The Achuará Jívaro”, 89§REF§ Given that urban migration of Shuar did not set in significantly until later, the higher margin of the range provided below was coded for instead (see 'settlement hierarchy')." }, { "id": 334, "polity": { "id": 510, "name": "eg_badarian", "long_name": "Badarian", "start_year": -4400, "end_year": -3800 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 25, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100, "comment": null, "description": " \"Excavations at the Badarian site of Deir Tasa revealed a settlement covering an area of about 5000 m (Gabra, 1930)\". §REF§(Hassan 1988, 153)§REF§ At 50-200 inhabitants per ha this gives us an estimated population between the range of 25 and 100 inhabitants.<br>" }, { "id": 335, "polity": { "id": 205, "name": "eg_inter_occupation", "long_name": "Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period", "start_year": -404, "end_year": -342 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 50000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Memphis.<br>Modelski has Memphis at 100,000 for 500 BCE, 400 BCE and 300 BCE.<br>However, we need to check evidence for these figures.§REF§(Manning 2015, Personal Communication)§REF§<br>Demographic estimates for Ancient Egypt §REF§(Mumford 2010, 331)§REF§:<br>Late Period to Ptolemaic-Roman: 1069 BC-AD 400<br>1. Largest towns. 85-170 ha. 25,000-50,000 inhabitants. 294 inhabitants per hectare.2. Medium towns. 25-65 ha. 7,500-25,000 inhabitants. 300-385 per hectare3. Small towns. 8-15 ha. 2,500-5,000 inhabitants. 312-333 per hectare.<br>AD: added 50,000 to the range to reflect a possibly lower figure." }, { "id": 336, "polity": { "id": 232, "name": "eg_mamluk_sultanate_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I", "start_year": 1260, "end_year": 1348 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 200000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 500000, "comment": null, "description": " People. Cairo.<br>Cairo. 500,000: 1300 CE §REF§(Modelski 2003, 183)§REF§<br>Raymond: \"The data available to us (location of mosques) suggests that the built-up area in 1348 was more extensive than can be supposed from Maqrizi's information, but less extensive than is indicated by the Description de l'Egypte. As to Cairo's population, it probably did not exceed 200,000. Paris had a population of only 80,000 in 1328 (in a built-up area of 437 hectares), and London a population of 60,000 in 1377 (on 288 hectares). Of the cities in the West at this period, only Constantinople could claim a greater population.\" §REF§(Raymond 2000, 136-137)§REF§<br>Suggested estimates: 200,000-250,000 CE in 1300 CE; 150,000-200,000 in 1400 CE; 140,000-180,000 in 1500 CE.§REF§(Korotayev Andrey. Personal Communication to Jill Levine, Dan Hoyer, and Peter Turchin. May 2020.)§REF§" }, { "id": 337, "polity": { "id": 239, "name": "eg_mamluk_sultanate_3", "long_name": "Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III", "start_year": 1412, "end_year": 1517 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 150000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 400000, "comment": null, "description": " People. Originally coded as 150,000. Modified to a range to account for more possibilities. 150,000 corresponds to a mid-14th century estimate. AD<br>Fourteenth century Cairo - Raymond §REF§(Raymond 2000, 136-137)§REF§<br>\"The data available to us (location of mosques) suggests that the built-up area in 1348 was more extensive than can be supposed from Maqrizi's information, but less extensive than is indicated by the Description de l'Egypte. As to Cairo's population, it probably did not exceed 200,000. Paris had a population of only 80,000 in 1328 (in a built-up area of 437 hectares), and London a population of 60,000 in 1377 (on 288 hectares). Of the cities in the West at this period, only Constantinople could claim a greater population.\"<br>Demographic decline from 1348 CE (plague). §REF§(Raymond 2000, 116)§REF§<br>\"Michael Dols concludes that the total number of deaths came to one-third or two-fifths of the population of the city, a proposition that seems plausible given what we know about mortality from the Black Death in other localities (Europe, for example) and from other epidemics in other periods. We may therefore estimate that a reasonable figure would be 100,000 dead.\"§REF§(Raymond 2000, 139-140)§REF§<br>Fifteenth century Cairo - Raymond §REF§(Raymond 2000, 152)§REF§<br>\"total built-up area of no more than 450 hectares. If we estimate the population density at 400 residents per hectare - a plausible average for classical Arab cities - we obtain a total population in the neighborhood of 150,000 residents, a distinctly lower estimate than the (Admittedly hypothetical) estimate we reached for the city in the middle of the fourteenth century.\"<br>Suggested estimates: 200,000-250,000 CE in 1300 CE; 150,000-200,000 in 1400 CE; 140,000-180,000 in 1500 CE.§REF§(Korotayev Andrey. Personal Communication to Jill Levine, Dan Hoyer, and Peter Turchin. May 2020.)§REF§<br>Cairo. 360,000: 1400 CE; 380,000: 1450 CE; 400,000: 1500 CE §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§" }, { "id": 338, "polity": { "id": 236, "name": "eg_mamluk_sultanate_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II", "start_year": 1348, "end_year": 1412 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 150000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 350000, "comment": null, "description": " People. Cairo.<br>Older estimates for Cairo §REF§(Raymond 2000, 136)§REF§<br>Marcel Clerget: 600,000: 1350 CE<br>Janet Abu-Lughod: 500,000 maximum<br>360,000: 1400 CE §REF§(Modelski 2003, 183)§REF§<br>Fourteenth century Cairo - Raymond §REF§(Raymond 2000, 136-137)§REF§<br>\"The data available to us (location of mosques) suggests that the built-up area in 1348 was more extensive than can be supposed from Maqrizi's information, but less extensive than is indicated by the Description de l'Egypte. As to Cairo's population, it probably did not exceed 200,000. Paris had a population of only 80,000 in 1328 (in a built-up area of 437 hectares), and London a population of 60,000 in 1377 (on 288 hectares). Of the cities in the West at this period, only Constantinople could claim a greater population.\"<br>Demographic decline from 1348 CE (plague). §REF§(Raymond 2000, 116)§REF§<br>\"Michael Dols concludes that the total number of deaths came to one-third or two-fifths of the population of the city, a proposition that seems plausible given what we know about mortality from the Black Death in other localities (Europe, for example) and from other epidemics in other periods. We may therefore estimate that a reasonable figure would be 100,000 dead.\"§REF§(Raymond 2000, 139-140)§REF§<br>Fifteenth century Cairo - Raymond §REF§(Raymond 2000, 152)§REF§<br>\"total built-up area of no more than 450 hectares. If we estimate the population density at 400 residents per hectare - a plausible average for classical Arab cities - we obtain a total population in the neighborhood of 150,000 residents, a distinctly lower estimate than the (Admittedly hypothetical) estimate we reached for the city in the middle of the fourteenth century.\"<br>Suggested estimates: 200,000-250,000 CE in 1300 CE; 150,000-200,000 in 1400 CE; 140,000-180,000 in 1500 CE.§REF§(Korotayev Andrey. Personal Communication to Jill Levine, Dan Hoyer, and Peter Turchin. May 2020.)§REF§" }, { "id": 339, "polity": { "id": 519, "name": "eg_middle_k", "long_name": "Egypt - Middle Kingdom", "start_year": -2016, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 30000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 30000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Thebes, over 10,000: 1800-1700 BCE.§REF§(Modelski 2003, 34)§REF§Memphis, 30,000, 1800 BCE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 33)§REF§<br>Population of Lahun: 3000 people. 12-14 ha, possibly 250 per hectare. §REF§(Mumford 2010, 331)§REF§<br>Elephantine: 3.5 ha. §REF§(Mumford 2010, 331)§REF§" }, { "id": 340, "polity": { "id": 512, "name": "eg_naqada_2", "long_name": "Naqada II", "start_year": -3550, "end_year": -3300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 5000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 15000, "comment": null, "description": " People.<br>Hierakonpolis [>5000] §REF§Hoffman, M. A. 1982. The Predynastic of Hierakonpolis - an Interim Report. Cairo: Cairo University Herbarium. pg: 144.§REF§.<br>EWA: Naqada is likely to have a greater population. <i>would this be the figure of over 13,000?</i><br>Naqada IC-IIB: over 13,000§REF§G. p. Gilbert: 2004. Weapons, Warriors and Warfare in Early Egypt. BAR International Series 1208: Oxford. pg: 108.§REF§ Hoffman thought that in most of villages less than 75 people lived. In centers there were much more§REF§<i>Ciałowicz, M.A. 1999. Początki cywilizacji egipskiej. Warszawa-Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN.</i>pg:156.§REF§ <i>is the IC-IIB a typo? elsewhere we have written IIA-IIB. IC-IIB doesn't make sense chronologically.</i><br>Naqada IIA-IIB: over 13,000 §REF§These are calculations made by G. p. Gilbert: 2004. Weapons, Warriors and Warfare in Early Egypt. Oxford; BAR International Series 1208. pg: 108.§REF§" }, { "id": 341, "polity": { "id": 199, "name": "eg_new_k_2", "long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period", "start_year": -1293, "end_year": -1070 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 250000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 300000, "comment": null, "description": "John Baines, Seshat Oxford workshop (2017): ???,???.<br>EWA: No data on Memphis. Thebes around 20,000 and 30,000. Bietak estimates that the population of Per-Ramesses was around 250,000. He also states 18 square km for the site size. \"the later Ramesside period marked a new era, when Pi-Ramesses, in the eastern Delta, became the main capital of the kingdom. The Austrian excavations are gradually revealing the huge dimensions and complexity of this metropolis of about 18km2 and 250,000-300,000 dwellers.\" §REF§(Juan Carlos Moreno García, Invaders or just herders? Libyans in Egypt in the third and second millennia BCE, 11)§REF§<br>Per-Ramesses topography - should be up-to-date hectare estimates in link.§REF§<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.academia.edu/1108200/The_Topography_of_New_Kingdom_Avaris_and_Per_Ramesses\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.academia.edu/1108200/The_Topography_of_New_Kingdom_Avaris_and_Per_Ramesses</a>§REF§<br>Thebes until Ramses II (c1278-1237 BCE) built new capital, Per-Ramesses.<br>Per-Ramesses. 160,000: 1200 BCE. 120,000: 1100 BCE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 33)§REF§<br>Thebes. 60,000: 1500 BCE. 80,000: 1400 BCE. 80,000: 1300 BCE. 150,000: 1200 BCE. 100,000: 1100 BCE. 120,000: 1000 BCE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 34)§REF§<br>Thebes. 80,000: 1360 BCE. 60,000: 1000 BCE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://irows.ucr.edu/research/citemp/asa01/oct2k1.xls\" rel=\"nofollow\">[6]</a>)§REF§<br>Memphis 50,000: 1200 BCE, 34,000: 1000 BCE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://irows.ucr.edu/research/citemp/asa01/oct2k1.xls\" rel=\"nofollow\">[7]</a>)§REF§<br>Population estimates for the New Kingdom (c. 1550-1069 BCE) §REF§(Mumford 2010, 331)§REF§<br>Piramesse 350 (1,000?) ha 100,000 persons 286 (1000?) people per ha<br>Tanis 105 ha 31,000 persons 295 per ha<br>Luxor 280 ha 85,000 persons 305 per ha<br>Memphis 79 ha<br>el-Amarna 380 þ (1,200?) ha 30,000- 50,000? 79-131 (25-42)/ha.<br>Hermopolis 100 ha<br>Tell el-Yahu- diya 13.7 ha" }, { "id": 342, "polity": { "id": 198, "name": "eg_new_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period", "start_year": -1550, "end_year": -1293 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 30000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": " people. Thebes according to Modelski, Piramesse or El-Amarna according to Mumford.§REF§(Modelski 2003: 34) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/IVFNX9HJ\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/IVFNX9HJ</a>.§REF§§REF§(Mumford 2010: 331) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/ZK4788F4\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/ZK4788F4</a>.§REF§<br>60,000: 1500 BCE; 80,000: 1400 BCE; 80,000: 1300 BCE<br>EWA: Amarna probably largest settlement for brief period<br>Amarna or 'the city of Akhetaten' \"covered a large area of about 10 by 8 miles (16 by 13 kilometers). Much of the area on the Nile's west bank was intended for agriculture and the fields there could support an estimated 45,000 people.\"§REF§(Van De Mieroop 2011, 205) Van De Mieroop, Marc. 2011. A History of Ancient Egypt. Wiley-Backwell. Chichester.§REF§ \"The number of houses in the entire South Suburb (including unexcavated areas) was about 2400, covering an area of over 1.5km2. Janssen (1983: 286) suggests that the 'southern zone' housed between 35,000 and 45,000 people, and that this was probably over half of the city's population, while Kemp (1981: 96) suggests a lower figure of about 16,000-25,000 individuals.\"§REF§(Shaw 2015, 29) Shaw, Ian. 2015. Ancient Egyptian Technology and Innovation. Bloomsbury.§REF§<br>Thebes until Ramses II (c1278-1237 BCE) built new capital, Per-Ramesses.<br>Per-Ramesses. 160,000: 1200 BCE. 120,000: 1100 BCE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 33)§REF§<br>Thebes. 60,000: 1500 BCE. 80,000: 1400 BCE. 80,000: 1300 BCE. 150,000: 1200 BCE. 100,000: 1100 BCE. 120,000: 1000 BCE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 34)§REF§<br>Thebes. 80,000: 1360 BCE. 60,000: 1000 BCE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://irows.ucr.edu/research/citemp/asa01/oct2k1.xls\" rel=\"nofollow\">[4]</a>)§REF§<br>Memphis 50,000: 1200 BCE, 34,000: 1000 BCE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://irows.ucr.edu/research/citemp/asa01/oct2k1.xls\" rel=\"nofollow\">[5]</a>)§REF§<br>Population estimates for the New Kingdom (c. 1550-1069 BCE) §REF§(Mumford 2010, 331)§REF§<br>Piramesse 350 (1,000?) ha 100,000 persons 286 (1000?) people per ha<br>Tanis 105 ha 31,000 persons 295 per ha<br>Luxor 280 ha 85,000 persons 305 per ha<br>Memphis 79 ha<br>el-Amarna 380 þ (1,200?) ha 30,000- 50,000? 79-131 (25-42)/ha.<br>Hermopolis 100 ha<br>Tell el-Yahu- diya 13.7 ha" }, { "id": 343, "polity": { "id": 516, "name": "eg_old_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2650, "end_year": -2350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 30000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 30000, "comment": null, "description": " people.<br>30,000: 2500-2200 BCE Memphis. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 28)§REF§<br>EWA. Memphis. No figures. Estimated 30,000 to 50,000 for the Memphite region in 2500 BCE (if included migrant population of 10,000 to 20,000). §REF§(Modelski 2003, 28)§REF§<br>Mumford:\"Early Dynastic to Old Kingdom (c. 3000-2125 BCE): Memphis. 31 hectares. 6,000 people estimated population. 193 per hectare.\" §REF§(Mumford 2010, 331)§REF§" }, { "id": 344, "polity": { "id": 516, "name": "eg_old_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2650, "end_year": -2350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 50000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 50000, "comment": null, "description": " people.<br>30,000: 2500-2200 BCE Memphis. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 28)§REF§<br>EWA. Memphis. No figures. Estimated 30,000 to 50,000 for the Memphite region in 2500 BCE (if included migrant population of 10,000 to 20,000). §REF§(Modelski 2003, 28)§REF§<br>Mumford:\"Early Dynastic to Old Kingdom (c. 3000-2125 BCE): Memphis. 31 hectares. 6,000 people estimated population. 193 per hectare.\" §REF§(Mumford 2010, 331)§REF§" }, { "id": 345, "polity": { "id": 517, "name": "eg_old_k_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Late Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2350, "end_year": -2150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 30000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 50000, "comment": null, "description": " Thousands. Memphis. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 28)§REF§<br>EWA<br>Memphis. No figures. Estimated 30,000 to 50,000 for the Memphite region in 2500 BCE (if included migrant population of 10,000 to 20,000). §REF§(Modelski 2003, 28)§REF§<br>Mumford:\"Early Dynastic to Old Kingdom (c. 3000-2125 BCE): Memphis. 31 hectares. 6,000 people estimated population. 193 per hectare.\" §REF§(Mumford 2010, 331)§REF§" }, { "id": 346, "polity": { "id": 203, "name": "eg_saite", "long_name": "Egypt - Saite Period", "start_year": -664, "end_year": -525 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 25000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 75000, "comment": null, "description": " Memphis. Inferred that the city did not completely disappear in 600 BCE although it may have become less populated, compared to whatever population it had in 700 BCE and 500 BCE.<br>Modelski has Memphis at 100,000 in and before 700 BCE and in and after 500 BCE but not for 600 BCE. Modelski had no figure at all for 600 BCE.<br>However, we need to check evidence for these figures.§REF§(Manning 2015, Personal Communication)§REF§<br>Demographic estimates for Ancient Egypt §REF§(Mumford 2010, 331)§REF§:<br>Late Period to Ptolemaic-Roman: 1069 BC-AD 400<br>1. Largest towns. 85-170 ha. 25,000-50,000 inhabitants. 294 inhabitants per hectare.2. Medium towns. 25-65 ha. 7,500-25,000 inhabitants. 300-385 per hectare3. Small towns. 8-15 ha. 2,500-5,000 inhabitants. 312-333 per hectare.<br>Palace government<br>2.Chief Physician (from Amasis). More than a medicine man. Also occupied \"major military positions\" such as Leader of Aegean foreign (troops)and admiral of royal fleet. §REF§(Agut-Labordere 2013, 972)§REF§<br>2. Manager of the Antechamber (Psamtik I - Amasis). In charge of organizing royal audiences.§REF§(Agut-Labordere 2013, 973) Agut-Labordere, Damien. \"The Saite Period: The Emergence of A Mediterranean Power.\" in Garcia, Juan Carlos Moreno ed. 2013. Ancient Egyptian Administration. BRILL.§REF§3. Accountant scribes. According to the Petition of Peteise \"he has accountant scribes to perform investigations throughout the country.\"§REF§(Agut-Labordere 2013, 973) Agut-Labordere, Damien. \"The Saite Period: The Emergence of A Mediterranean Power.\" in Garcia, Juan Carlos Moreno ed. 2013. Ancient Egyptian Administration. BRILL.§REF§<br>2. Viziers played a role of \"supreme judge\" §REF§(Agut-Labordere 2013, 974)§REF§<br>2. High Council (Psamtik I) (High Council reported directly to the king §REF§(Manning 2015, Personal Communication)§REF§)\"Convened to assist the sovereign in taking decisions\" (Psamtik I) §REF§(Agut-Labordere 2013, 969)§REF§ The statuette of General Djedptahiufankh says the king \"relies on his words on the day of the High Council ... distinguished by the king because of his excellent ideas ... pronouncing wise judgements in the Council of Nobles ... and speaking to them next to the king so that they were satisfied by his remarks.\"§REF§(Agut-Labordere 2013, 696) Agut-Labordere, Damien. \"The Saite Period: The Emergence of A Mediterranean Power.\" in Garcia, Juan Carlos Moreno ed. 2013. Ancient Egyptian Administration. BRILL.§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 347, "polity": { "id": 520, "name": "eg_thebes_hyksos", "long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period", "start_year": -1720, "end_year": -1567 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 50000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": " [50,000-100,000]: 1600 BCE Avaris.§REF§(Modelski 2003, 218)§REF§ When expelled from Egypt Josephus said 240,000 Hyksos households from the Avaris area had to relocate in Syria. §REF§(Wilson and Allen 1939, 6)§REF§<br>Tell el-Dab'a covered almost 4 KM2 (400 ha) at its largest extent. §REF§(Bourriau 2003, 180)§REF§ Using an estimate of [50-200] people per hectare, this would be equivalent to a population of 20,000-80,000." }, { "id": 348, "polity": { "id": 361, "name": "eg_thulunid_ikhshidid", "long_name": "Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period", "start_year": 868, "end_year": 969 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 150000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 150000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Fustat/Cairo: 150,000. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 55) Modelski, G. 2003. World Cities -3000 to 2000. Faros 2000. Washington DC.§REF§<br>Fustat, described in mid-10th century by traveller Ibn Hawqal as \"one-third the size of Baghdad in area.\"§REF§(Raymond 2000, 29)§REF§" }, { "id": 349, "polity": { "id": 84, "name": "es_spanish_emp_1", "long_name": "Spanish Empire I", "start_year": 1516, "end_year": 1715 }, "year_from": 1600, "year_to": 1600, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 224000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 224000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Naples: 224,000: 1600 CE §REF§Chase-Dunn, Christopher, and Alice Willard. 2007. \"Populations of Largest Cities in PMNs from 2000BC to 1988AD\". Retrieved May 4, 2017. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://irows.ucr.edu/cd/courses/compciv/citypops4000.txt\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://irows.ucr.edu/cd/courses/compciv/citypops4000.txt</a> <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/D55F2NG3\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/D55F2NG3</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 350, "polity": { "id": 208, "name": "et_aksum_emp_1", "long_name": "Axum I", "start_year": -149, "end_year": 349 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 4500, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>\"It is estimated that during the first 4 centuries CE, the city's core area covered 80ha to 100ha.\"§REF§(Curtis 2017, 106) Matthew C Curtis. Aksum, town and monuments. Siegbert Uhlig. David L Appleyard. Steven Kaplan. Alessandro Bausi. Wolfgang Hahn. eds. 2017. Ethiopia: History, Culture and Challenges. Michigan State University Press. East Lansing.§REF§<br>Seshat standard estimate of 50-200 people per hectare would suggest a population of between 4,500 and 200,000. This is for the city's 'core area' so other definitions of the city could produce larger estimates.<br>According to Michels (2005), the population of Aksum (city) grew from 450-750 CE to about 39,603.§REF§(Connah 2016, 142) Graham Connah. 2016. African Civilizations: An Archaeological Perspective. Third Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ \"Michel's figure for Aksum's maximum population was significantly underestimated\" according to Phillipson (2012).§REF§(Connah 2016, 143) Graham Connah. 2016. African Civilizations: An Archaeological Perspective. Third Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>Adulis, above-ground estimate suggests 500m*400m area.§REF§(Anfray 1981, 366) F Anfray. The civilization of Aksum from the first to the seventh century. Muḥammad Jamal al-Din Mokhtar. ed. 1981. UNESCO General History of Africa. Volume II. Heinemann. UNESCO. California.§REF§ <i>Not sure which period.</i><br>\"The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, around 50 CE, described Adulis as 'a fair sized village'\".§REF§(Glazier and Peacock 2016) Darren Glazier. David Peacock. Historical background and previous investigations. David Peacock. Lucy Blue. eds. 2016. The Ancient Red Sea Port of Adulis, Eritrea: Results of the Eritro-British Expedition, 2004-5. Oxbow Books. Oxford.§REF§ <i>The city of Aksum, which was not known at this time, was likely larger.</i><br>According to Phillipson (1985: 160) \"By the first century AD Aksum, some fifty km south west of Yeha, developed as the capital of an extensive state, in which there was a fusion of indigenous Ethiopian and South Arabian cultural elements.\"§REF§(Ricard 2004, 16) Alain Ricard. The Languages & Literatures of Africa: The Sands of Babel. James Currey Publishers. Oxford.§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 351, "polity": { "id": 57, "name": "fm_truk_1", "long_name": "Chuuk - Early Truk", "start_year": 1775, "end_year": 1886 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 200, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. SCCS variable 157 'Scale 9-Political Integration' is coded as ‘2’ or 'Autonomous local communities'. According to Ethnographic Atlas variable 31 'Mean Size of Local Communities', the Trukese possess groups of '3' or '100-199', smaller than 200-399, 400-1000, any town of more than 5,000, Towns of 5,000-50,000 (one or more), and Cities of more than 50,000 (one or more)." } ] }