Population Of The Largest Settlement List
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{ "count": 577, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/population-of-the-largest-settlements/?format=api&page=5", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/population-of-the-largest-settlements/?format=api&page=3", "results": [ { "id": 452, "polity": { "id": 494, "name": "ir_susa_3", "long_name": "Susa III", "start_year": -3100, "end_year": -2675 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 2500, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 10000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Tall-i Malyan at Fars, Anshan region. Estimate based on 50 hectares at Seshat standard rate of 50-200 inhabitants per hectare.<br>Tall-i Malyan at Fars \"the settlement extended over 50 hectares, ten times the size of contemporary Susa (Levels 16-13 of the acropolis).\".§REF§(Leverani 2014, 91) Liverani, Mario. Tabatabai, Soraia trans. 2014. The Ancient Near East. History, society and economy. Routledge. London.§REF§<br>\"During the early third millennium B.C., the Susa III Period was marked by a population minumum in the Susiana Plain. Susa itself was only slightly more than 10 hectares in size, little more than a large village.\"§REF§(Alden 1987, 157) Alden, John R. in Hole, Frank ed. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.§REF§ \"... Susa covered about 11 hectares during the Susa III Period. The area was probably somewhat less in the early part of the period and somewhat greater at the end, although such fine distinctions are of dubious merit when so little reliable information is available.\"§REF§(Alden 1987, 159) Alden, John R. in Hole, Frank ed. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.§REF§<br>\"Susa was annexed by Anshan. Although it was a much smaller center than Anshan, its long previous period of cultural development enabled it to contribute to the formation of the new civilization, which expanded into ethnically related regions.\"§REF§(Amiet, Chevalier and Carter 1992, 4) Amiet, Pierre. Chevalier, Nicole. Carter, Elizabeth. in Harper, Prudence O. Aruz, Joan. Tallon, Francoise. eds. 1992. The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre. Metropolitan Museum of Art.§REF§ -- <i>Actually in Susa III Susa was the \"centre of greatest economic activity in literate Iran\" and Tal-i Malyan did not annex Susa.§REF§(Potts 2016, 71) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§</i><br>" }, { "id": 453, "polity": { "id": 115, "name": "is_icelandic_commonwealth", "long_name": "Icelandic Commonwealth", "start_year": 930, "end_year": 1262 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 200, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 300, "comment": null, "description": " 'As there were no cities, this number is extremely low. An educated guess places the population of the villages where the two cathedrals were based between 200 and 300.' §REF§Árni Daniel Júlíusson and Axel Kristissen 2017, pers. comm. to E. Brandl and D. Mullins§REF§ Most Icelanders lived in dispersed homesteads rather than settlements: 'Early Icelandic settlement was completely non-urban and almost entirely restricted to dispersed farmsteads, which occupied the coastal plains and more hospitable inland valleys. The earliest farmhouses were of the long-house type: a single large oblong building sometimes with a few side additions and some out structures. The long-houses were designed around a central isle with raised platforms running along the sides for domestic activities and sleeping. Interior space was divided by wood partitions. The houses were constructed of sod around a timber frame.' §REF§Bolender, Douglas James and Beierle, John: eHRAF Cultural Summary for Early Icelanders§REF§ 'Initial land claims in Iceland were extensive and short-lived. Subsequent settlers and new generations rapidly divided the land into farmstead based properties. Control of a farmstead, through direct ownership or tenancy, was the basis of full membership within the society and was restricted to a small minority of individuals. Property was passed preferentially to male descendents. Once established, farmstead properties were extremely stable. Farms occupied at the time of settlement are still in use today and some survived periods of household abandonment to be reoccupied. Upland pastures were held in common by local communities (HREPPUR), which jointly managed their access and use. Farms also laid claim to special resources even when they were not on farmstead lands such as forests, turf and peat cutting areas, and drift rights on beaches.' §REF§Bolender, Douglas James and Beierle, John: eHRAF Cultural Summary for Early Icelanders§REF§ Generally, low population densities and dispersed settlement patterns are assumed: 'Because agriculture was the chief economic activity, the population of Iceland was evenly distributed throughout the inhabitable parts of the country until the end of the 19th century.' §REF§<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.britannica.com/place/Iceland\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.britannica.com/place/Iceland</a>§REF§ 'The requirements of livestock herding insured that Icelandic land-use was characterized by low population densities, a dispersed settlement pattern, and large farmsteads. Within such farmsteads land was divided into spatial units reflecting different levels of management associated with homefields, hay-producing areas, and outer pastures. Outbuildings associated with the seasonal components of Icelandic transhumant pastoralism were scattered throughout these various land-use areas and in the upland heaths surrounding zones of intensive occupation (Bredahl-Petersen 1967; Hastrup 1985).' §REF§Smith, Kevin P., and Jeffrey R. Parsons 1989. “Regional Archaeological Research In Iceland: Potentials And Possibilities”, 181§REF§" }, { "id": 454, "polity": { "id": 179, "name": "it_latium_ba", "long_name": "Latium - Bronze Age", "start_year": -1800, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": -1800, "year_to": -1200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 20, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 50, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. \"In the opinion of R. Peroni, 'if we can measure the population of an Early or Middle Bronze Age settlement in dozens, and that of a Late Bronze Age one in hundreds, it is without doubt legitimate to think of an Early Iron Age settlement as having thousands of inhabitants\"§REF§T.J. Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome (1995), p. 32§REF§." }, { "id": 455, "polity": { "id": 179, "name": "it_latium_ba", "long_name": "Latium - Bronze Age", "start_year": -1800, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": -1200, "year_to": -900, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 300, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. \"In the opinion of R. Peroni, 'if we can measure the population of an Early or Middle Bronze Age settlement in dozens, and that of a Late Bronze Age one in hundreds, it is without doubt legitimate to think of an Early Iron Age settlement as having thousands of inhabitants\"§REF§T.J. Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome (1995), p. 32§REF§." }, { "id": 456, "polity": { "id": 180, "name": "it_latium_ia", "long_name": "Latium - Iron Age", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -580 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 300, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Rome, like Veii and other Etruscan poleis, likely had more than 100 inhabitants in 800 BCE.<br>Osteria dell'Osa, the best known site <i>(but not the largest site in Latium at any point)</i>, is estimated to have been inhabited by 100 people §REF§G. Forsythe, A Critical History of Early Rome (2006), p. 54§REF§. However, it is possible that Osteria dell'Osa was not a unitary settlement, but a cluster of small villages. §REF§T.J. Cornell, The Beginnings of Rome (1995), p. 54§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 457, "polity": { "id": 186, "name": "it_ostrogoth_k", "long_name": "Ostrogothic Kingdom", "start_year": 489, "end_year": 554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Rome.<br>Mid-sixth century Rome: \"Despite centuries of gradual erosion of her monuments and a declining population, Rome still held more people than her environs could hope to support. Since the granaries in North Africa had long ago opened their doors to others, first Vandals and more recently Belisarius, Ostrogothic Rome depended upon Sicily for food and shippers to transport it to Portus. Gradual silting had closed Ostia to traffic.\"§REF§(Burns 1991, 205)§REF§<br>Peak settlement of Rome generally thought to be c150 CE. By 300 CE about 800,000 which had decreased to roughly 500,000 by 400 CE, and 200,000 by 500 CE. §REF§(Twine 1992 <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf</a>)§REF§<br>100,000 §REF§(Modelski 2003, 49)§REF§<br>Demographic decline of Rome. c500,000 in 400 CE, less than 50,000 after the Gothic war (535-554 CE).§REF§(Arnold, Bjornlie and Sessa 2016, 9) Arnold, Jonathan J. Bjornlie, Shane M. Sessa, Kristina. eds. 2016. A Companion to Ostrogothic Italy. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§<br>Rome’s population \"might have been down to 300,000 in the late 4th century and down to 100,000 by 500, but it was still by far the largest city in Italy.\"§REF§(Deliyannis 2016, 251) Deliyannis, Deborah M. Urban Life and Culture. in Arnold, Jonathan J. Bjornlie, Shane M. Sessa, Kristina. eds. 2016. A Companion to Ostrogothic Italy. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§<br>Under Theoderic the population of Ravenna \"perhaps as large as 10,000. Naples, too, may have had a population as large as 10,000 at this time.\"§REF§(Deliyannis 2016, 251) Deliyannis, Deborah M. Urban Life and Culture. in Arnold, Jonathan J. Bjornlie, Shane M. Sessa, Kristina. eds. 2016. A Companion to Ostrogothic Italy. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§" }, { "id": 458, "polity": { "id": 189, "name": "it_st_peter_rep_2", "long_name": "Rome - Republic of St Peter II", "start_year": 904, "end_year": 1198 }, "year_from": 1000, "year_to": 1000, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 35000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 35000, "comment": null, "description": "40,000: 900 CE; 35,000: 1000 CE; 35,000: 1100 CE; 35,000: 1200 CE §REF§Bairoch, Batou, Chèvre, 47§REF§ Rome's population hovered around 35,000 for much of the pre-Black Death (1348) period.§REF§Beloch, 185§REF§§REF§Brentano, 13§REF§" }, { "id": 459, "polity": { "id": 189, "name": "it_st_peter_rep_2", "long_name": "Rome - Republic of St Peter II", "start_year": 904, "end_year": 1198 }, "year_from": 1100, "year_to": 1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 35000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 35000, "comment": null, "description": "40,000: 900 CE; 35,000: 1000 CE; 35,000: 1100 CE; 35,000: 1200 CE §REF§Bairoch, Batou, Chèvre, 47§REF§ Rome's population hovered around 35,000 for much of the pre-Black Death (1348) period.§REF§Beloch, 185§REF§§REF§Brentano, 13§REF§" }, { "id": 460, "polity": { "id": 190, "name": "it_papal_state_1", "long_name": "Papal States - High Medieval Period", "start_year": 1198, "end_year": 1309 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 35000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 35000, "comment": null, "description": "35,000 is Brentano's estimate for Rome's population ca. 1200.§REF§Brentano, 13§REF§<br>35,000: 1200 CE §REF§Bairoch, Batou, Chèvre, 47§REF§" }, { "id": 461, "polity": { "id": 192, "name": "it_papal_state_3", "long_name": "Papal States - Early Modern Period I", "start_year": 1527, "end_year": 1648 }, "year_from": 1527, "year_to": 1527, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 10000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 10000, "comment": null, "description": " Figures are for Rome; although the population shrank to around 10,000 following the sack of 1527, it quickly recovered to be the largest city in the Papal States.§REF§The numbers are taken from Bairoch, et. al., 47§REF§ Black notes that Bologna's population in 1581 was around 70,661, however, making it possibly larger than Rome for a brief period between the 1550s and 1591.§REF§Black, 218§REF§" }, { "id": 462, "polity": { "id": 192, "name": "it_papal_state_3", "long_name": "Papal States - Early Modern Period I", "start_year": 1527, "end_year": 1648 }, "year_from": 1550, "year_to": 1550, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 45000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 45000, "comment": null, "description": " Figures are for Rome; although the population shrank to around 10,000 following the sack of 1527, it quickly recovered to be the largest city in the Papal States.§REF§The numbers are taken from Bairoch, et. al., 47§REF§ Black notes that Bologna's population in 1581 was around 70,661, however, making it possibly larger than Rome for a brief period between the 1550s and 1591.§REF§Black, 218§REF§" }, { "id": 463, "polity": { "id": 192, "name": "it_papal_state_3", "long_name": "Papal States - Early Modern Period I", "start_year": 1527, "end_year": 1648 }, "year_from": 1591, "year_to": 1591, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 116695, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 116695, "comment": null, "description": " Figures are for Rome; although the population shrank to around 10,000 following the sack of 1527, it quickly recovered to be the largest city in the Papal States.§REF§The numbers are taken from Bairoch, et. al., 47§REF§ Black notes that Bologna's population in 1581 was around 70,661, however, making it possibly larger than Rome for a brief period between the 1550s and 1591.§REF§Black, 218§REF§" }, { "id": 464, "polity": { "id": 192, "name": "it_papal_state_3", "long_name": "Papal States - Early Modern Period I", "start_year": 1527, "end_year": 1648 }, "year_from": 1602, "year_to": 1602, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 99312, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 99312, "comment": null, "description": " Figures are for Rome; although the population shrank to around 10,000 following the sack of 1527, it quickly recovered to be the largest city in the Papal States.§REF§The numbers are taken from Bairoch, et. al., 47§REF§ Black notes that Bologna's population in 1581 was around 70,661, however, making it possibly larger than Rome for a brief period between the 1550s and 1591.§REF§Black, 218§REF§" }, { "id": 465, "polity": { "id": 193, "name": "it_papal_state_4", "long_name": "Papal States - Early Modern Period II", "start_year": 1648, "end_year": 1809 }, "year_from": 1652, "year_to": 1652, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 118000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 118000, "comment": null, "description": " 118,047: 1652 CE; 135,089: 1699 CE; 157,881: 1750 CE; {153,004; 158,000}: 1800 CE. These figures are from Black, Gross, and Marino.§REF§Black, 219; Gross, 55Marino, 66.§REF§ There should be brackets to reflect disagreement between Bairoch (the only systematic list of urban European demography that I have found), who estimates that Rome contained around 135,000 people in 1700, and more recent estimates in Marino and Black, who also disagree.§REF§Bairoch, et. al., 47§REF§ The first estimate for 1800 is from the complete table Gross§REF§Gross, 58§REF§ gives for annual population estimates for the period 1695-1820; the second is from Bairoch." }, { "id": 466, "polity": { "id": 193, "name": "it_papal_state_4", "long_name": "Papal States - Early Modern Period II", "start_year": 1648, "end_year": 1809 }, "year_from": 1699, "year_to": 1699, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 135000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 135000, "comment": null, "description": " 118,047: 1652 CE; 135,089: 1699 CE; 157,881: 1750 CE; {153,004; 158,000}: 1800 CE. These figures are from Black, Gross, and Marino.§REF§Black, 219; Gross, 55Marino, 66.§REF§ There should be brackets to reflect disagreement between Bairoch (the only systematic list of urban European demography that I have found), who estimates that Rome contained around 135,000 people in 1700, and more recent estimates in Marino and Black, who also disagree.§REF§Bairoch, et. al., 47§REF§ The first estimate for 1800 is from the complete table Gross§REF§Gross, 58§REF§ gives for annual population estimates for the period 1695-1820; the second is from Bairoch." }, { "id": 467, "polity": { "id": 193, "name": "it_papal_state_4", "long_name": "Papal States - Early Modern Period II", "start_year": 1648, "end_year": 1809 }, "year_from": 1750, "year_to": 1750, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 158000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 158000, "comment": null, "description": " 118,047: 1652 CE; 135,089: 1699 CE; 157,881: 1750 CE; {153,004; 158,000}: 1800 CE. These figures are from Black, Gross, and Marino.§REF§Black, 219; Gross, 55Marino, 66.§REF§ There should be brackets to reflect disagreement between Bairoch (the only systematic list of urban European demography that I have found), who estimates that Rome contained around 135,000 people in 1700, and more recent estimates in Marino and Black, who also disagree.§REF§Bairoch, et. al., 47§REF§ The first estimate for 1800 is from the complete table Gross§REF§Gross, 58§REF§ gives for annual population estimates for the period 1695-1820; the second is from Bairoch." }, { "id": 468, "polity": { "id": 193, "name": "it_papal_state_4", "long_name": "Papal States - Early Modern Period II", "start_year": 1648, "end_year": 1809 }, "year_from": 1800, "year_to": 1800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 153000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 153000, "comment": null, "description": " 118,047: 1652 CE; 135,089: 1699 CE; 157,881: 1750 CE; {153,004; 158,000}: 1800 CE. These figures are from Black, Gross, and Marino.§REF§Black, 219; Gross, 55Marino, 66.§REF§ There should be brackets to reflect disagreement between Bairoch (the only systematic list of urban European demography that I have found), who estimates that Rome contained around 135,000 people in 1700, and more recent estimates in Marino and Black, who also disagree.§REF§Bairoch, et. al., 47§REF§ The first estimate for 1800 is from the complete table Gross§REF§Gross, 58§REF§ gives for annual population estimates for the period 1695-1820; the second is from Bairoch." }, { "id": 469, "polity": { "id": 193, "name": "it_papal_state_4", "long_name": "Papal States - Early Modern Period II", "start_year": 1648, "end_year": 1809 }, "year_from": 1800, "year_to": 1800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 158000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 158000, "comment": null, "description": " 118,047: 1652 CE; 135,089: 1699 CE; 157,881: 1750 CE; {153,004; 158,000}: 1800 CE. These figures are from Black, Gross, and Marino.§REF§Black, 219; Gross, 55Marino, 66.§REF§ There should be brackets to reflect disagreement between Bairoch (the only systematic list of urban European demography that I have found), who estimates that Rome contained around 135,000 people in 1700, and more recent estimates in Marino and Black, who also disagree.§REF§Bairoch, et. al., 47§REF§ The first estimate for 1800 is from the complete table Gross§REF§Gross, 58§REF§ gives for annual population estimates for the period 1695-1820; the second is from Bairoch." }, { "id": 470, "polity": { "id": 191, "name": "it_papal_state_2", "long_name": "Papal States - Renaissance Period", "start_year": 1378, "end_year": 1527 }, "year_from": 1400, "year_to": 1400, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 25000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 33000, "comment": null, "description": " Rome remained the largest settlement in the Papal States during this period, although the population of the city plummeted drastically following the 1527 Sack of Rome.§REF§Bairoch, et. al., 47§REF§ Partner§REF§Partner, 398§REF§ has estimated a slightly lower population count for Rome around 1400, stating that its population was around 25,000 people." }, { "id": 471, "polity": { "id": 191, "name": "it_papal_state_2", "long_name": "Papal States - Renaissance Period", "start_year": 1378, "end_year": 1527 }, "year_from": 1500, "year_to": 1500, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 55000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 55000, "comment": null, "description": " Rome remained the largest settlement in the Papal States during this period, although the population of the city plummeted drastically following the 1527 Sack of Rome.§REF§Bairoch, et. al., 47§REF§ Partner§REF§Partner, 398§REF§ has estimated a slightly lower population count for Rome around 1400, stating that its population was around 25,000 people." }, { "id": 472, "polity": { "id": 187, "name": "it_ravenna_exarchate", "long_name": "Exarchate of Ravenna", "start_year": 568, "end_year": 751 }, "year_from": 600, "year_to": 600, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 30000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 30000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Estimate for Rome.<br>Ravenna<br>[9,000-10,000]: 600 CE; [7,000-7,500]: 700 CE. \"S. Cosentino proposes a population for Ravenna in the eighth and ninth centuries of around 7,000-7,500 people, which would represent only a slight decrease from his estimate of 9,000-10,000 in the imperial period.\"§REF§(Deliyannis 2010, 290) Deliyannis, Deborah Mauskopf. 2010. Ravenna in Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>Rome<br>[100,000-125,000]: 700 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003)§REF§<br>30,000: 600 CE. §REF§(Twine 1992 in Middle States Geographer, Vol 25. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf</a>)§REF§<br>Is the figure for Rome accurate?<br>\"the urban and rural populations of Italy were devestated by the bubonic plague which hit Italy beginning in 543 and returned in successive waves until the 740s. Mortality rates are almost impossible to deduce, but some scholars think that it must have been similar to the Black Death, killing 30 per cent or more of the population, at least in urban areas. Outbreaks of the disease are documented in Ravenna for the 560s, 591-2, and 600-2.\"§REF§(Deliyannis 2010, 203) Deliyannis, Deborah Mauskopf. 2010. Ravenna in Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 473, "polity": { "id": 187, "name": "it_ravenna_exarchate", "long_name": "Exarchate of Ravenna", "start_year": 568, "end_year": 751 }, "year_from": 700, "year_to": 700, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 125000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Estimate for Rome.<br>Ravenna<br>[9,000-10,000]: 600 CE; [7,000-7,500]: 700 CE. \"S. Cosentino proposes a population for Ravenna in the eighth and ninth centuries of around 7,000-7,500 people, which would represent only a slight decrease from his estimate of 9,000-10,000 in the imperial period.\"§REF§(Deliyannis 2010, 290) Deliyannis, Deborah Mauskopf. 2010. Ravenna in Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>Rome<br>[100,000-125,000]: 700 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003)§REF§<br>30,000: 600 CE. §REF§(Twine 1992 in Middle States Geographer, Vol 25. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf</a>)§REF§<br>Is the figure for Rome accurate?<br>\"the urban and rural populations of Italy were devestated by the bubonic plague which hit Italy beginning in 543 and returned in successive waves until the 740s. Mortality rates are almost impossible to deduce, but some scholars think that it must have been similar to the Black Death, killing 30 per cent or more of the population, at least in urban areas. Outbreaks of the disease are documented in Ravenna for the 560s, 591-2, and 600-2.\"§REF§(Deliyannis 2010, 203) Deliyannis, Deborah Mauskopf. 2010. Ravenna in Late Antiquity. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 474, "polity": { "id": 182, "name": "it_roman_rep_1", "long_name": "Early Roman Republic", "start_year": -509, "end_year": -264 }, "year_from": -500, "year_to": -500, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 30000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 30000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>500 BCE = same as polity population<br>same area as 600 BCE<br>Cornell has a population of ca 30,000 for Rome in 4th c, then at most 60,000 in 300 BCE<br>400 BCE = same as polity population<br>Cornell has a population of ca 30,000 for Rome in 4th c, then at most 60,000 in 300 BCE<br>300 BCE<br>Cornell has a population of ca 30,000 for Rome in 4th c, then at most 60,000 in 300 BCE<br>Rome§REF§(Modelski 2003, 49)§REF§<br>100: 500 BCE<br>150: 400 BCE<br>250: 300 BCE<br>Rome (reported census tallies) §REF§(Scheidel <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/070706.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/070706.pdf</a>§REF§ <span style=\"color:red\">DH: NB - these censuses refer to polity pop, not pop of the city (and are highly problematic!). Cornell has a population of ca 30,000 for Rome in 4th c, then at most 60,000 in 300 BCE</span><br>c250,000: 300 BCE<br>c210,000: 200 BCE<br>c400,000: 100 BCE<br>\"The pressure on space encouraged the development of multi-storey housing blocks in Rome as early as the third century BC; high prices for building plots also resulted in tall buildings being constructed in relatively narrow spaces and additional floors being added to already existing buildings.\"§REF§(Holleran 2012, 1) Holleran, Claire. 2012. Shopping in Ancient Rome: The Retail Trade in the Late Republic and the Principate. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§;" }, { "id": 475, "polity": { "id": 182, "name": "it_roman_rep_1", "long_name": "Early Roman Republic", "start_year": -509, "end_year": -264 }, "year_from": -400, "year_to": -400, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 30000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 30000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>500 BCE = same as polity population<br>same area as 600 BCE<br>Cornell has a population of ca 30,000 for Rome in 4th c, then at most 60,000 in 300 BCE<br>400 BCE = same as polity population<br>Cornell has a population of ca 30,000 for Rome in 4th c, then at most 60,000 in 300 BCE<br>300 BCE<br>Cornell has a population of ca 30,000 for Rome in 4th c, then at most 60,000 in 300 BCE<br>Rome§REF§(Modelski 2003, 49)§REF§<br>100: 500 BCE<br>150: 400 BCE<br>250: 300 BCE<br>Rome (reported census tallies) §REF§(Scheidel <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/070706.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/070706.pdf</a>§REF§ <span style=\"color:red\">DH: NB - these censuses refer to polity pop, not pop of the city (and are highly problematic!). Cornell has a population of ca 30,000 for Rome in 4th c, then at most 60,000 in 300 BCE</span><br>c250,000: 300 BCE<br>c210,000: 200 BCE<br>c400,000: 100 BCE<br>\"The pressure on space encouraged the development of multi-storey housing blocks in Rome as early as the third century BC; high prices for building plots also resulted in tall buildings being constructed in relatively narrow spaces and additional floors being added to already existing buildings.\"§REF§(Holleran 2012, 1) Holleran, Claire. 2012. Shopping in Ancient Rome: The Retail Trade in the Late Republic and the Principate. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§;" }, { "id": 476, "polity": { "id": 182, "name": "it_roman_rep_1", "long_name": "Early Roman Republic", "start_year": -509, "end_year": -264 }, "year_from": -300, "year_to": -300, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 50000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 60000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>500 BCE = same as polity population<br>same area as 600 BCE<br>Cornell has a population of ca 30,000 for Rome in 4th c, then at most 60,000 in 300 BCE<br>400 BCE = same as polity population<br>Cornell has a population of ca 30,000 for Rome in 4th c, then at most 60,000 in 300 BCE<br>300 BCE<br>Cornell has a population of ca 30,000 for Rome in 4th c, then at most 60,000 in 300 BCE<br>Rome§REF§(Modelski 2003, 49)§REF§<br>100: 500 BCE<br>150: 400 BCE<br>250: 300 BCE<br>Rome (reported census tallies) §REF§(Scheidel <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/070706.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/070706.pdf</a>§REF§ <span style=\"color:red\">DH: NB - these censuses refer to polity pop, not pop of the city (and are highly problematic!). Cornell has a population of ca 30,000 for Rome in 4th c, then at most 60,000 in 300 BCE</span><br>c250,000: 300 BCE<br>c210,000: 200 BCE<br>c400,000: 100 BCE<br>\"The pressure on space encouraged the development of multi-storey housing blocks in Rome as early as the third century BC; high prices for building plots also resulted in tall buildings being constructed in relatively narrow spaces and additional floors being added to already existing buildings.\"§REF§(Holleran 2012, 1) Holleran, Claire. 2012. Shopping in Ancient Rome: The Retail Trade in the Late Republic and the Principate. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§;" }, { "id": 477, "polity": { "id": 184, "name": "it_roman_rep_3", "long_name": "Late Roman Republic", "start_year": -133, "end_year": -31 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 400000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 400000, "comment": null, "description": " Rome.<br>Rome (reported census tallies) §REF§(Scheidel <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/070706.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/070706.pdf</a>§REF§<br>c400,000: 100 BCE" }, { "id": 478, "polity": { "id": 183, "name": "it_roman_rep_2", "long_name": "Middle Roman Republic", "start_year": -264, "end_year": -133 }, "year_from": -200, "year_to": -200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 210000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 210000, "comment": null, "description": " Rome.<br>Rome (reported census tallies) §REF§(Scheidel <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/070706.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/070706.pdf</a>§REF§ <i>census numbers refer to state, not city, and even then not the full population. ideally we should use scholar reconstructions here.</i><br>c250,000: 300 BCE<br>c210,000: 200 BCE<br>c400,000: 100 BCE<br>" }, { "id": 479, "polity": { "id": 183, "name": "it_roman_rep_2", "long_name": "Middle Roman Republic", "start_year": -264, "end_year": -133 }, "year_from": -100, "year_to": -100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 400000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 400000, "comment": null, "description": " Rome.<br>Rome (reported census tallies) §REF§(Scheidel <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/070706.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.princeton.edu/~pswpc/pdfs/scheidel/070706.pdf</a>§REF§ <i>census numbers refer to state, not city, and even then not the full population. ideally we should use scholar reconstructions here.</i><br>c250,000: 300 BCE<br>c210,000: 200 BCE<br>c400,000: 100 BCE<br>" }, { "id": 480, "polity": { "id": 70, "name": "it_roman_principate", "long_name": "Roman Empire - Principate", "start_year": -31, "end_year": 284 }, "year_from": 1, "year_to": 1, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 900000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1100000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>[900,000-1,100,000]: 1 CE; [1,000,000-1,200,000]: 117 CE; 1,000,000: 200 CE<br>Rome at its peak had a population of 1,200,000. §REF§(Lo Cascio 2000)§REF§ Population of Rome was 1,000,000 by 1 CE. §REF§(Canciello 2005)§REF§ Alexandria (largest settlement in the Roman province of Egypt) was at most 750,000 people at its height in the mid-second CE. §REF§(Rathbone 2007, 699)§REF§ Other estimates of Alexandria's population put it at around 500,000 people for most of the imperial Principate period.§REF§(Bagnall and Frier 1994, 54)§REF§<br>Peak settlement of Rome generally thought to be c150 CE. By 200 CE about 1 million. §REF§(Twine 1992 <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf</a>)§REF§" }, { "id": 481, "polity": { "id": 70, "name": "it_roman_principate", "long_name": "Roman Empire - Principate", "start_year": -31, "end_year": 284 }, "year_from": 100, "year_to": 100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1000000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1200000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>[900,000-1,100,000]: 1 CE; [1,000,000-1,200,000]: 117 CE; 1,000,000: 200 CE<br>Rome at its peak had a population of 1,200,000. §REF§(Lo Cascio 2000)§REF§ Population of Rome was 1,000,000 by 1 CE. §REF§(Canciello 2005)§REF§ Alexandria (largest settlement in the Roman province of Egypt) was at most 750,000 people at its height in the mid-second CE. §REF§(Rathbone 2007, 699)§REF§ Other estimates of Alexandria's population put it at around 500,000 people for most of the imperial Principate period.§REF§(Bagnall and Frier 1994, 54)§REF§<br>Peak settlement of Rome generally thought to be c150 CE. By 200 CE about 1 million. §REF§(Twine 1992 <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf</a>)§REF§" }, { "id": 482, "polity": { "id": 70, "name": "it_roman_principate", "long_name": "Roman Empire - Principate", "start_year": -31, "end_year": 284 }, "year_from": 200, "year_to": 200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1000000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1000000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>[900,000-1,100,000]: 1 CE; [1,000,000-1,200,000]: 117 CE; 1,000,000: 200 CE<br>Rome at its peak had a population of 1,200,000. §REF§(Lo Cascio 2000)§REF§ Population of Rome was 1,000,000 by 1 CE. §REF§(Canciello 2005)§REF§ Alexandria (largest settlement in the Roman province of Egypt) was at most 750,000 people at its height in the mid-second CE. §REF§(Rathbone 2007, 699)§REF§ Other estimates of Alexandria's population put it at around 500,000 people for most of the imperial Principate period.§REF§(Bagnall and Frier 1994, 54)§REF§<br>Peak settlement of Rome generally thought to be c150 CE. By 200 CE about 1 million. §REF§(Twine 1992 <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf</a>)§REF§" }, { "id": 483, "polity": { "id": 181, "name": "it_roman_k", "long_name": "Roman Kingdom", "start_year": -716, "end_year": -509 }, "year_from": -700, "year_to": -700, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 4000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 16000, "comment": null, "description": "[4,000-16,000]: 700 BCE; [14,250-57,000]: 650 BCE<br>100,000: 509 BCE §REF§(Modelski 2003, 49)§REF§ In this period city was growing from a low baseline. Can reasonably infer population was less than 100,000 in 600 BCE. In the 150 years between c700 BCE and 550 BCE Rome acquired c200ha. On the basis of urban area, and a roughly proportional decrease based on Modelksi's 509 BCE estimate (we should remember that as cities acquire more area they generally acquire greater population density), we could infer a population in the region of 15,000-25,000 for 700 BCE.<br>The highest officers in the Roman military system were not professionals. Not until 406 BCE did \"Romans introduce pay for military service.\" §REF§(Fields 2011)§REF§ This is the earliest possible start date for professional soldiers.<br>Urban area of Rome§REF§(Cornell 1995, 204)§REF§<br>early 8th Century BCE: 50 ha. 2500-10,000 using an estimate of 50-200 people per hectare.<br>late 8th Century BCE: 80 ha. 4000-16,000 using an estimate of 50-200 people per hectare. Previous estimate: 15,000-20,000.<br>mid 6th Century: 285 ha. 14,250-57,000 using an estimate of 50-200 people per hectare.<br>Previous estimates: [4,000-16,000]: 700 BCE; [60,000-90,000]: 600 BCE" }, { "id": 484, "polity": { "id": 181, "name": "it_roman_k", "long_name": "Roman Kingdom", "start_year": -716, "end_year": -509 }, "year_from": -600, "year_to": -600, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 14250, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 57000, "comment": null, "description": "[4,000-16,000]: 700 BCE; [14,250-57,000]: 650 BCE<br>100,000: 509 BCE §REF§(Modelski 2003, 49)§REF§ In this period city was growing from a low baseline. Can reasonably infer population was less than 100,000 in 600 BCE. In the 150 years between c700 BCE and 550 BCE Rome acquired c200ha. On the basis of urban area, and a roughly proportional decrease based on Modelksi's 509 BCE estimate (we should remember that as cities acquire more area they generally acquire greater population density), we could infer a population in the region of 15,000-25,000 for 700 BCE.<br>The highest officers in the Roman military system were not professionals. Not until 406 BCE did \"Romans introduce pay for military service.\" §REF§(Fields 2011)§REF§ This is the earliest possible start date for professional soldiers.<br>Urban area of Rome§REF§(Cornell 1995, 204)§REF§<br>early 8th Century BCE: 50 ha. 2500-10,000 using an estimate of 50-200 people per hectare.<br>late 8th Century BCE: 80 ha. 4000-16,000 using an estimate of 50-200 people per hectare. Previous estimate: 15,000-20,000.<br>mid 6th Century: 285 ha. 14,250-57,000 using an estimate of 50-200 people per hectare.<br>Previous estimates: [4,000-16,000]: 700 BCE; [60,000-90,000]: 600 BCE" }, { "id": 485, "polity": { "id": 185, "name": "it_western_roman_emp", "long_name": "Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity", "start_year": 395, "end_year": 476 }, "year_from": 400, "year_to": 400, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 500000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 500000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Rome. Peak settlement of Rome generally thought to be c150 CE. By 300 CE still about 800,000 which had decreased to roughly 500,000 by 400 CE. §REF§(Twine 1992 <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://msaag.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/26_Twine.pdf</a>)§REF§" }, { "id": 486, "polity": { "id": 188, "name": "it_st_peter_rep_1", "long_name": "Republic of St Peter I", "start_year": 752, "end_year": 904 }, "year_from": 800, "year_to": 800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 70000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>[100,000-125,000]: 711 CE; [70,000-100,000]: 800 CE. Estimate for Rome. §REF§(Modelski 2003)§REF§ Like all pre-modern population numbers, this is an approximation. Last estimate in Modelski: 125,000 in 600 CE. By the latter 8th Century, 20,000 - 30,000 able-bodied men living within Rome's walls.§REF§(Barach 2013, 170)§REF§ Can we use this last estimate for 800 CE (+ women, children, old)?<br>Rome. 40,000: 900 CE §REF§Bairoch, Batou, Chèvre, 47§REF§" }, { "id": 487, "polity": { "id": 188, "name": "it_st_peter_rep_1", "long_name": "Republic of St Peter I", "start_year": 752, "end_year": 904 }, "year_from": 900, "year_to": 900, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 40000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 40000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>[100,000-125,000]: 711 CE; [70,000-100,000]: 800 CE. Estimate for Rome. §REF§(Modelski 2003)§REF§ Like all pre-modern population numbers, this is an approximation. Last estimate in Modelski: 125,000 in 600 CE. By the latter 8th Century, 20,000 - 30,000 able-bodied men living within Rome's walls.§REF§(Barach 2013, 170)§REF§ Can we use this last estimate for 800 CE (+ women, children, old)?<br>Rome. 40,000: 900 CE §REF§Bairoch, Batou, Chèvre, 47§REF§" }, { "id": 488, "polity": { "id": 544, "name": "it_venetian_rep_3", "long_name": "Republic of Venice III", "start_year": 1204, "end_year": 1563 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 170000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 170000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Venice.<br>\"At the height of its power in the sixteenth century, the city of Venice counted nearly 170,000 souls, with a population of more than two million in its subject territories.\"§REF§(Martin and Romano 2000, 1) John Martin. Dennis Romano. Reconsidering Venice. John Martin. Dennis Romano. eds. 2000. Venice Reconsidered: The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State 1297-1797. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore.§REF§<br>Venice was a cosmopolitan city of merchants. \"At the end of the fifteenth century, for example, the French diplomat Philippe de Commynes observed that in Venice 'most of the people are foreigners.'\"§REF§(Martin and Romano 2000, 20) John Martin. Dennis Romano. Reconsidering Venice. John Martin. Dennis Romano. eds. 2000. Venice Reconsidered: The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State 1297-1797. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore.§REF§" }, { "id": 489, "polity": { "id": 545, "name": "it_venetian_rep_4", "long_name": "Republic of Venice IV", "start_year": 1564, "end_year": 1797 }, "year_from": 1565, "year_to": 1565, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 170000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 170000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Venice.<br>\"At the height of its power in the sixteenth century, the city of Venice counted nearly 170,000 souls, with a population of more than two million in its subject territories.\"§REF§(Martin and Romano 2000, 1) John Martin. Dennis Romano. Reconsidering Venice. John Martin. Dennis Romano. eds. 2000. Venice Reconsidered: The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State 1297-1797. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore.§REF§<br>Venice was a cosmopolitan city of merchants. \"At the end of the fifteenth century, for example, the French diplomat Philippe de Commynes observed that in Venice 'most of the people are foreigners.'\"§REF§(Martin and Romano 2000, 20) John Martin. Dennis Romano. Reconsidering Venice. John Martin. Dennis Romano. eds. 2000. Venice Reconsidered: The History and Civilization of an Italian City-State 1297-1797. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore.§REF§" }, { "id": 490, "polity": { "id": 149, "name": "jp_ashikaga", "long_name": "Ashikaga Shogunate", "start_year": 1336, "end_year": 1467 }, "year_from": 1400, "year_to": 1450, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 150000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 150000, "comment": null, "description": " Kyoto§REF§Chandler, Tertius.1987. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. The Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston.§REF§" }, { "id": 491, "polity": { "id": 150, "name": "jp_sengoku_jidai", "long_name": "Warring States Japan", "start_year": 1467, "end_year": 1568 }, "year_from": 1500, "year_to": 1500, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 40000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 40000, "comment": null, "description": "Kyoto§REF§Chandler, Tertius.1987. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. The Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston.§REF§" }, { "id": 492, "polity": { "id": 150, "name": "jp_sengoku_jidai", "long_name": "Warring States Japan", "start_year": 1467, "end_year": 1568 }, "year_from": 1550, "year_to": 1550, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": "Kyoto§REF§Chandler, Tertius.1987. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. The Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston.§REF§" }, { "id": 493, "polity": { "id": 151, "name": "jp_azuchi_momoyama", "long_name": "Japan - Azuchi-Momoyama", "start_year": 1568, "end_year": 1603 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 300000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 300000, "comment": null, "description": " Kyoto §REF§Chandler, Tertius.1987. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. The Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston.§REF§" }, { "id": 494, "polity": { "id": 147, "name": "jp_heian", "long_name": "Heian", "start_year": 794, "end_year": 1185 }, "year_from": 800, "year_to": 925, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 200000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": " Population estimates for Kyoto by Chandler. §REF§Chandler, Tertius. 1987. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. The Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston.§REF§" }, { "id": 495, "polity": { "id": 147, "name": "jp_heian", "long_name": "Heian", "start_year": 794, "end_year": 1185 }, "year_from": 1000, "year_to": 1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 175000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 175000, "comment": null, "description": " Population estimates for Kyoto by Chandler. §REF§Chandler, Tertius. 1987. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. The Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston.§REF§" }, { "id": 496, "polity": { "id": 147, "name": "jp_heian", "long_name": "Heian", "start_year": 794, "end_year": 1185 }, "year_from": 1150, "year_to": 1150, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 150000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 150000, "comment": null, "description": " Population estimates for Kyoto by Chandler. §REF§Chandler, Tertius. 1987. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. The Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston.§REF§" }, { "id": 497, "polity": { "id": 140, "name": "jp_jomon_3", "long_name": "Japan - Early Jomon", "start_year": -5300, "end_year": -3500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 400, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 500, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Some villages could get as large as 400 to 500 people in early and middle, and later Jomon periods, and could have up to 40 or 50 houses in a settlement.§REF§(Barnes 2015: 131) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/T5SRVKXV\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/T5SRVKXV</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 498, "polity": { "id": 141, "name": "jp_jomon_4", "long_name": "Japan - Middle Jomon", "start_year": -3500, "end_year": -2500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 400, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 500, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Some villages could get as large as 400 to 500 people in early and middle, and later Jomon periods, and could have up to 40 or 50 houses in a settlement.§REF§(Barnes 2015: 131) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/T5SRVKXV\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/T5SRVKXV</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 499, "polity": { "id": 142, "name": "jp_jomon_5", "long_name": "Japan - Late Jomon", "start_year": -2500, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 400, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 500, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Some villages could get as large as 400 to 500 people in early and middle, and later Jomon periods, and could have up to 40 or 50 houses in a settlement.§REF§(Barnes 2015: 131) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/T5SRVKXV\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/T5SRVKXV</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 500, "polity": { "id": 148, "name": "jp_kamakura", "long_name": "Kamakura Shogunate", "start_year": 1185, "end_year": 1333 }, "year_from": 1200, "year_to": 1200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 175000, "comment": null, "description": " Kamakura. Estimate by Chandler although probably too high. §REF§Chandler, Tertius.1987. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. The Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston.§REF§ -- have made high end of a range." }, { "id": 501, "polity": { "id": 148, "name": "jp_kamakura", "long_name": "Kamakura Shogunate", "start_year": 1185, "end_year": 1333 }, "year_from": 1250, "year_to": 1250, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": " Kamakura. Estimate by Chandler although probably too high. §REF§Chandler, Tertius.1987. Four Thousand Years of Urban Growth: An Historical Census. The Edwin Mellen Press, Lewiston.§REF§ -- have made high end of a range." } ] }