Population Of The Largest Settlement List
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{ "count": 577, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/population-of-the-largest-settlements/?format=api&page=4", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/population-of-the-largest-settlements/?format=api&page=2", "results": [ { "id": 402, "polity": { "id": 384, "name": "in_mahajanapada", "long_name": "Mahajanapada era", "start_year": -600, "end_year": -324 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 12000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 48000, "comment": null, "description": " Estimating 50-200 inhabitants per hectares: \"No more than 240 hectares for Rajagriha, the old Magadhan capital\".§REF§(Kaul 2015b: 525) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/94XKJ54Q\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/94XKJ54Q</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 403, "polity": { "id": 98, "name": "in_mughal_emp", "long_name": "Mughal Empire", "start_year": 1526, "end_year": 1858 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 400000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 400000, "comment": null, "description": " Dehli. The Mughal rulers of India constantly toured the realm and maintained no fixed capital. Mid-seventeenth century Delhi is reputed to have had a population of about 400,000 but one European observer claimed most of it moved with the royal court, reducing its population to as little as 65,000. Another compared Mughal Delhi to a ‘camp’ rather than a city like Paris, and apparently there were so many trees that from a distance it looked like a wood. §REF§Ramesh Kumar Arora. Rajni Goyal. 1996. Indian Public Administration: Institutions and Issues. Wishwa Prakashan. New Delhi. p.23§REF§§REF§Abraham Eraly. 2007. The Mughal World: Life in India's Last Golden Age. Penguin Books. New Delhi. p. 8§REF§<br>§REF§Hambly, G. (1982) Towns and Cities: The Mughal Empire in The Cambridge economic history of India Vol.1, c1200-c.1750. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p.436.§REF§ -- we have a reference but no number." }, { "id": 404, "polity": { "id": 93, "name": "in_rashtrakuta_emp", "long_name": "Rashtrakuta Empire", "start_year": 753, "end_year": 973 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants§REF§Chase-Dunn spreadsheet (2001)§REF§. Capital of Malkhed or Manyakheta. However, estimates are made difficult by the fact that the capital was destroyed by Chola armies in the tenth century CE, and what was left was subsequently destroyed by the armies of the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughals. Today, the Rashtrakuta capital is little more than a village. Not only that, but what little information exists on the city's heyday appears to be strongly influenced by Jain tradition, which may be biased, considering that Malkhed used to be a major centre for the religion §REF§Jayashri Mishra, Social and Economic Conditions Under the Imperial Rashtrakutas (1992), pp. 208§REF§." }, { "id": 405, "polity": { "id": 385, "name": "in_sunga_emp", "long_name": "Magadha - Sunga Empire", "start_year": -187, "end_year": -65 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 50000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 270000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Data from Mauryan Empire. The Sunga Dynasty was in effect the continuation of the Mauryan Empire as it was established in a coup by the Mauryan general Pushyamitra Sunga (Roy 2015, 19).§REF§(Roy 2015: 19) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/35K9MMUW\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/35K9MMUW</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 406, "polity": { "id": 97, "name": "in_vijayanagara_emp", "long_name": "Vijayanagara Empire", "start_year": 1336, "end_year": 1646 }, "year_from": 1337, "year_to": 1499, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": "[100,000-250,000]: 1560 CE<br>By the early 1400s the fortified core of the city of Vijayanagara covered nearly 20 square km, and its population may have been as high as 100,000. By the time the Vijayanagara capital was abandoned in 1565 following a major military defeat, the city core extended over approximately 30 square km and its fortified hinterland was more than 400 square km in area. The city's population at that time is estimated to have exceeded 250,000 §REF§Carla M. Sinopoli, 'From the Lion Throne: Political and Social Dynamics of the Vijayanagara Empire', Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol 43, No. 3 (2000), pp. 370§REF§. According to a different source, though, the city's population in the 16th century is described as \"over 100,000\" §REF§Burton Stein, The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara (1990), p. 75§REF§." }, { "id": 407, "polity": { "id": 97, "name": "in_vijayanagara_emp", "long_name": "Vijayanagara Empire", "start_year": 1336, "end_year": 1646 }, "year_from": 1500, "year_to": 1646, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 150000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 250000, "comment": null, "description": "[100,000-250,000]: 1560 CE<br>By the early 1400s the fortified core of the city of Vijayanagara covered nearly 20 square km, and its population may have been as high as 100,000. By the time the Vijayanagara capital was abandoned in 1565 following a major military defeat, the city core extended over approximately 30 square km and its fortified hinterland was more than 400 square km in area. The city's population at that time is estimated to have exceeded 250,000 §REF§Carla M. Sinopoli, 'From the Lion Throne: Political and Social Dynamics of the Vijayanagara Empire', Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol 43, No. 3 (2000), pp. 370§REF§. According to a different source, though, the city's population in the 16th century is described as \"over 100,000\" §REF§Burton Stein, The New Cambridge History of India: Vijayanagara (1990), p. 75§REF§." }, { "id": 408, "polity": { "id": 484, "name": "iq_abbasid_cal_2", "long_name": "Abbasid Caliphate II", "start_year": 1191, "end_year": 1258 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1000000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1000000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Baghdad is usually estimated to have had about 1 million inhabitants at the time of the Mongol sack in 1258 CE.<br>For example. Modelski estimated 1m for Baghdad at 1200 CE.§REF§(Modelski 2003, 63) Modelski, George. 2003. World Cities: -3000 to 2000. FAROS2000. Washington D.C.§REF§" }, { "id": 409, "polity": { "id": 476, "name": "iq_akkad_emp", "long_name": "Akkadian Empire", "start_year": -2270, "end_year": -2083 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 20000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 40000, "comment": null, "description": " According to Adams: \"For the Akkade period there are some curious findings. The villages become repopulated, most likely because of internal controls by means of a chain of police posts meant to guard the safety of the major trade routes. Yet in the south many larger cities dwindle or are abandoned outright (...)Umma, for instance, dwindled in area from more than 400 hectares to somewhere between 200 and 40 hectares, whole the substantial city of Umm-el-Aqarib to the south of it- possible ancient Kit-dingir-was totally abandoned.\"§REF§Adams 1981, XIV§REF§ If we assume 50-200 inhabitants per hectare, then 200 inhabitants in a city of 40 ha is our lowest estimate for Umma, and 40,000 inhabitants for a city of 200 ha our highest.<br>\"Map 1. Sumer and Akkad in the Akkadian period.\"§REF§(Foster 2016, 48) Foster, Benjamin R. 2016. The Age of Agade. Inventing Empire In Ancient Mesopotamia. Routledge. London.§REF§<br>names of cities in Sumer region, level with Agade \"location uncertain\" or below (i.e. Southeast toward Gulf): Eshnunna; Tutub; Sippar; Cutha; Mughan; Der; Babylon; Borsippa; Kish; Dilbat; Kazallu; Eresh; Marad; Nippur; Kesh; Tell el-Wilayah; Adab; Isin; Shuruppak; Zabala; Umma; Uruk; Larsa; Girsu; Lagash; Apishal; Mesag Estate; E-igi-il; Susa; Ur; Eridu.<br>\"Adab was an Akkadian administrative center of major importance throughout the Akkadian period, perhaps one of the largest cities in the region, with extensive connections elsewhere (Map 2).\"§REF§(Foster 2016, 66) Foster, Benjamin R. 2016. The Age of Agade. Inventing Empire In Ancient Mesopotamia. Routledge. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 410, "polity": { "id": 478, "name": "iq_isin_larsa", "long_name": "Isin-Larsa", "start_year": -2004, "end_year": -1763 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 175000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 225000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. \"Despite these changes, the total number of inhabitants and the relations between cities and villages remained roughly the same [as in the Ur III period].\"§REF§(Liverani 2014, 186) Liverani, Mario. Tabatabai, Soraia trans. 2014. <i>The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy</i>. London: Routledge. Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7DRZQS5Q/q/liverani\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7DRZQS5Q/q/liverani</a>.§REF§ \"In the Neo-Sumerian period, the population of Ur was ca. 200,000 people. Both this population increase and the urban improvements were largely supported by agricultural activities.\"§REF§(Liverani 2014, 161) Liverani, Mario. Tabatabai, Soraia trans. 2014. <i>The Ancient Near East: History, Society and Economy</i>. London: Routledge. Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7DRZQS5Q/q/liverani\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7DRZQS5Q/q/liverani</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 411, "polity": { "id": 106, "name": "iq_neo_assyrian_emp", "long_name": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "start_year": -911, "end_year": -612 }, "year_from": -911, "year_to": -911, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 10000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 10000, "comment": null, "description": "70,000 in new city of Kalhu after it was built during reign of Assurnasirpall II (883-859 BCE). All inhabitants and workers, totalling 70,000, invited to a multi-day opening ceremony banquet. §REF§(Chadwick 2005, 78)§REF§<br>Nineveh: 10,000 in 1000 BCE. 120,000 in 650 BCE. Older, wilder estimate of 700,000. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 179, 55, 33 )§REF§<br>Assur, Nineveh (modern Mosul) and Arbilu were three major cities. §REF§(Radler 2014)§REF§" }, { "id": 412, "polity": { "id": 106, "name": "iq_neo_assyrian_emp", "long_name": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "start_year": -911, "end_year": -612 }, "year_from": -875, "year_to": -875, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 70000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 70000, "comment": null, "description": "70,000 in new city of Kalhu after it was built during reign of Assurnasirpall II (883-859 BCE). All inhabitants and workers, totalling 70,000, invited to a multi-day opening ceremony banquet. §REF§(Chadwick 2005, 78)§REF§<br>Nineveh: 10,000 in 1000 BCE. 120,000 in 650 BCE. Older, wilder estimate of 700,000. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 179, 55, 33 )§REF§<br>Assur, Nineveh (modern Mosul) and Arbilu were three major cities. §REF§(Radler 2014)§REF§" }, { "id": 413, "polity": { "id": 106, "name": "iq_neo_assyrian_emp", "long_name": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "start_year": -911, "end_year": -612 }, "year_from": -700, "year_to": -700, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 120000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 120000, "comment": null, "description": "70,000 in new city of Kalhu after it was built during reign of Assurnasirpall II (883-859 BCE). All inhabitants and workers, totalling 70,000, invited to a multi-day opening ceremony banquet. §REF§(Chadwick 2005, 78)§REF§<br>Nineveh: 10,000 in 1000 BCE. 120,000 in 650 BCE. Older, wilder estimate of 700,000. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 179, 55, 33 )§REF§<br>Assur, Nineveh (modern Mosul) and Arbilu were three major cities. §REF§(Radler 2014)§REF§" }, { "id": 414, "polity": { "id": 472, "name": "iq_so_mesopotamia_nl", "long_name": "Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic", "start_year": -9000, "end_year": -5501 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants." }, { "id": 415, "polity": { "id": 473, "name": "iq_ubaid", "long_name": "Ubaid", "start_year": -5500, "end_year": -4000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 750, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1250, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Adams (1981) estimates that the Ubaid populations at Uruk and other large settlements ~1000 in the early Ubaid and ranged from 2000-3000 in the Middle/Late Ubaid. Perhaps 1000-3000 would be a good range to capture the whole period.§REF§(Adams 1981) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/MAIAZJ3K\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/MAIAZJ3K</a>.§REF§ NOTE: pers. comm. with Selin Nugent, but could not find exact page reference. " }, { "id": 416, "polity": { "id": 477, "name": "iq_ur_dyn_3", "long_name": "Ur - Dynasty III", "start_year": -2112, "end_year": -2004 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 200000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": " \"In the Neo-Sumerian period, the population of Ur was ca. 200,000 people. Both this population increase and the urban improvements were largely supported by agricultural activities.\"§REF§(Liverani 2014: 161) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7DRZQS5Q/q/Liverani\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7DRZQS5Q/q/Liverani</a>.§REF§ The territory of the largest cities is bigger than 200 ha ( e. g. Umma, Girsu, Lagash, Larsa, Isin, Suheri), the capital - Ur-50 ha, smaller cities- between 40-200ha (e. g. Zabalam, Adab), bigger towns - 20-40 ha (e.g. Wilaya), smaller towns - 10-20 ha and villages§REF§Ur 2013, 143-144§REF§" }, { "id": 417, "polity": { "id": 474, "name": "iq_uruk", "long_name": "Uruk", "start_year": -4000, "end_year": -2900 }, "year_from": -4000, "year_to": -3501, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 7000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 20000, "comment": null, "description": " \"By the Early Uruk period {4000-3500}, Uruk (Warka, Erech, Unu)2 encompassed 70 hectares, two other cities were 50 hectares, and a final two 30 hectares each (M. = CAM 58-9). The population in these cities might have ranged fi.-om 7000 to 20,000.\"§REF§(Hamblin 2006: 36) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/4WM3RBTD\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/4WM3RBTD</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 418, "polity": { "id": 474, "name": "iq_uruk", "long_name": "Uruk", "start_year": -4000, "end_year": -2900 }, "year_from": -3500, "year_to": -3000, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 40000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 50000, "comment": null, "description": " \"By the Early Uruk period {4000-3500}, Uruk (Warka, Erech, Unu)2 encompassed 70 hectares, two other cities were 50 hectares, and a final two 30 hectares each (M. = CAM 58-9). The population in these cities might have ranged fi.-om 7000 to 20,000.\"§REF§(Hamblin 2006: 36) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/4WM3RBTD\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/4WM3RBTD</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 419, "polity": { "id": 107, "name": "ir_achaemenid_emp", "long_name": "Achaemenid Empire", "start_year": -550, "end_year": -331 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 200000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Babylon.<br>Persepolis 50,000 430 BCE§REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>Susa 70,000 430 BCE§REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>Babylon 200,000 430 BCE§REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 420, "polity": { "id": 487, "name": "ir_susiana_archaic", "long_name": "Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -6000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 175, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 700, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Using the Seshat-wide estimate of [50-200] people per hectare, Chogha Mish would have between 175 and 700 inhabitants. \"Chogha Mish was already a sizable settlement by the Early Chalcolithic period (Early Susiana or Susiana a), covering an area of more than 3.5 ha.§REF§(Delougaz and Kantor 1996: 280) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/88S287KN\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/88S287KN</a>.§REF§<br>\"Villages were normally relatively small, an aspect that, combined with the matrimonial strategies of the time, indicates that settlements only had a few large families or even just one.\"§REF§(Leverani 2014, 42) Liverani, Mario. Tabatabai, Soraia trans. 2014. The Ancient Near East. History, society and economy. Routledge. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 421, "polity": { "id": 495, "name": "ir_elam_1", "long_name": "Elam - Awan Dynasty I", "start_year": -2675, "end_year": -2100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 2300, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 9200, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>At Seshat standard rate of 50-200 persons per hectare 46 hectares makes Susa's estimated population 2,300-9,200.<br>\"Old Elamite I/Susa IV (ca. 2700-2200 B.C.) ... In central Khuzistan, the settlement system on the Susiana Plain is dominated by the urban center at Susa. During this period, it covered about 46 hectares. \"§REF§(Schacht 1987, 175) Schacht, Robert. in Hole, Frank ed. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.§REF§" }, { "id": 422, "polity": { "id": 362, "name": "ir_buyid_confederation", "long_name": "Buyid Confederation", "start_year": 932, "end_year": 1062 }, "year_from": 950, "year_to": 950, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 500000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 900000, "comment": null, "description": " Original code: [800,000-900,000] for 950 CE. AD: the range for 950CE has been extended to reflect some lower population estimates (the difference between 950 CE and 1000 CE was otherwise too important to be explained by pillaging and extortion).<br>Baghdad<br>900 CE 900,000 §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>c942 CE 240,000 houses, 1500 baths (200/family). Population estimates of 1 million probably too large. : 125,000 in 1000 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 191 \"World Cities\")§REF§<br>990 CE \"Al Muquddasi finds Madinat al Salam (original core of Abbasid Baghdad the \"Round City of Baghdad\") in ruins §REF§(Modelski 2003, 191 \"World Cities\" cites: Abu-Lughod)§REF§<br>125,000 in 1000 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>1058 CE Al Khatib reports \"area covered by houses\" 5 miles across \"in breadth and width\" §REF§(Modelski 2003, 191 \"World Cities\" cites: Duri)§REF§<br>Baghdad in decline due to lack of security from pillaging and extortion: \"In Buyid times, the richest people in the city were not merchants but government servants. Tax collecting, military service and the holding of iqtas rather than commerce were the main sources of wealth. Those who did make money invested it in land rather than trade. There also seems to have been a continuous emigration of wealthy families, the Banu l-Furat for example, to Egypt where prospects were much brighter.\"§REF§(Kennedy 2004, 224-225) Kennedy, Hugh N. 2004. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates. Second edition. Pearson Longman. Harlow.§REF§<br>c996 CE \"Baghdad was very much an island of Buyid control in a countryside dominated by powerful bedouin tribes.\"§REF§(Kennedy 2004, 237) Kennedy, Hugh N. 2004. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates. Second edition. Pearson Longman. Harlow.§REF§" }, { "id": 423, "polity": { "id": 362, "name": "ir_buyid_confederation", "long_name": "Buyid Confederation", "start_year": 932, "end_year": 1062 }, "year_from": 1000, "year_to": 1000, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 125000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 125000, "comment": null, "description": " Original code: [800,000-900,000] for 950 CE. AD: the range for 950CE has been extended to reflect some lower population estimates (the difference between 950 CE and 1000 CE was otherwise too important to be explained by pillaging and extortion).<br>Baghdad<br>900 CE 900,000 §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>c942 CE 240,000 houses, 1500 baths (200/family). Population estimates of 1 million probably too large. : 125,000 in 1000 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 191 \"World Cities\")§REF§<br>990 CE \"Al Muquddasi finds Madinat al Salam (original core of Abbasid Baghdad the \"Round City of Baghdad\") in ruins §REF§(Modelski 2003, 191 \"World Cities\" cites: Abu-Lughod)§REF§<br>125,000 in 1000 CE. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>1058 CE Al Khatib reports \"area covered by houses\" 5 miles across \"in breadth and width\" §REF§(Modelski 2003, 191 \"World Cities\" cites: Duri)§REF§<br>Baghdad in decline due to lack of security from pillaging and extortion: \"In Buyid times, the richest people in the city were not merchants but government servants. Tax collecting, military service and the holding of iqtas rather than commerce were the main sources of wealth. Those who did make money invested it in land rather than trade. There also seems to have been a continuous emigration of wealthy families, the Banu l-Furat for example, to Egypt where prospects were much brighter.\"§REF§(Kennedy 2004, 224-225) Kennedy, Hugh N. 2004. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates. Second edition. Pearson Longman. Harlow.§REF§<br>c996 CE \"Baghdad was very much an island of Buyid control in a countryside dominated by powerful bedouin tribes.\"§REF§(Kennedy 2004, 237) Kennedy, Hugh N. 2004. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates. Second edition. Pearson Longman. Harlow.§REF§" }, { "id": 424, "polity": { "id": 507, "name": "ir_elymais_2", "long_name": "Elymais II", "start_year": 25, "end_year": 215 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 10000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 40000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Susa 150 hectares (10,000 at 50 persons per ha, 30,000 at 200 persons per ha)<br>\"much of the main mound at Susa and some of the immediately surrounding areas were densely occupied [during the late Parthian period], constituting, perhaps, 1.5 km2 or more of settled area. Using 'standard' but wholly unsubstantiated formulae for estimating population size from site size, we might speculate that from 20,000 to 40,000 people lived at Susa during the city's florescence under the Elymeans and the Parthians.\"§REF§(Wenke 1981, 310) Wenke, Robert J. 1981. Elymeans, Parthians, and the Evolution of Empires in Southwestern Iran. Journal of the American Oriental Society. Vol. 101. No. 3. Jul-Sep. American Oriental Society. pp. 303-315. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/602592\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.jstor.org/stable/602592</a>§REF§<br>\"Figure 3. Distribution of settlements in the Elymean Period c. A.D. 25 - c. A.D. 125\"§REF§(Wenke 1981, 307) Wenke, Robert J. 1981. Elymeans, Parthians, and the Evolution of Empires in Southwestern Iran. Journal of the American Oriental Society. Vol. 101. No. 3. Jul-Sep. American Oriental Society. pp. 303-315. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/602592\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.jstor.org/stable/602592</a>§REF§ shows urban expansion compared to the preceding Seleuco-Parthian period 325 BCE - 25 CE. In the second period there are two more sites of the same magnitude as Susa. The next chart for the Terminal Parthian (125-225 CE)§REF§(Wenke 1981, 308) Wenke, Robert J. 1981. Elymeans, Parthians, and the Evolution of Empires in Southwestern Iran. Journal of the American Oriental Society. Vol. 101. No. 3. Jul-Sep. American Oriental Society. pp. 303-315. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.jstor.org/stable/602592\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.jstor.org/stable/602592</a>§REF§ shows an even greater up-step in urbanism." }, { "id": 425, "polity": { "id": 486, "name": "ir_susiana_formative", "long_name": "Formative Period", "start_year": -7200, "end_year": -7000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 250, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 500, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>8,000-7,000 BCE Neolithic, includes site of Ali Kosh in Khuzistan. \"Sedentary village communities began to have between 250 and 500 inhabitants, regular mud-brick houses, and an economy based on agriculture and the farming of sheep, goats and pigs (and cattle by the end of the period).\"§REF§(Leverani 2014, 38) Liverani, Mario. Tabatabai, Soraia trans. 2014. The Ancient Near East. History, society and economy. Routledge. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 426, "polity": { "id": 172, "name": "ir_il_khanate", "long_name": "Ilkhanate", "start_year": 1256, "end_year": 1339 }, "year_from": 1300, "year_to": 1300, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Estimate is more than Rayy in 1220 CE, significantly more on basis that Tabriz was likely the most populous city in Persia at this time.<br>Tabriz.<br>Prior to the Mongol conquest Rayy, in northern Iran, had about 80,000 in 1220 CE.§REF§(Chandler and Fox 2013, 232) Chandler, Tertius. Fox, Gerald. 2013. 3000 Years of Urban Growth. Elsevier.§REF§<br>Tabriz \"developed into a great metropolis\".§REF§(Morgan 2015, 69) Morgan, David. 2015. Medieval Persia 1040-1797. Routledge.§REF§ As the major trade center in Persia it therefore was likely the most populous city in Persia in the post-Mongol conquest era. Tabriz had a cistern for drinking water and baths with hot water.§REF§(Houtsma et al. 1993, 586) Houtsma, M Th. Wensinck, A J. Gibb, H A R. Heffening, W. Levi-Provencal, E. 1993. First Encyclopaedia of Islam: 1913-1936. E.J. Brill. Leiden.§REF§<br>The population of Tabriz was larger than that of the later Ilkhan capital Sultaniya, which was also impressive.§REF§(Marozzi 2004, 135-136) Marozzi, J. 2004. Tamerlane. HarperCollinsPublishers. London.§REF§<br>\"Sultaniya was an important commercial centre, a 'great city', as Clavijo reported on his arrival on 26 June 1404 ... Founded in about 1285 by Arghun, the sixth Ilkhanid ruler of Persia, who was attracted by its abundant pastures and used it as his summer capital, Sultaniya became the seat of empire under his son Mohammed Oljeytu Khudabanda in 1313. The city was expanded aggressively, the outer walls increasing from twelve thousand paces in circumference to thirty thousand. ... Oljeytu intended Sultaniya to become a fully functioning capital, no mere royal camp. He duly embarked on a terrific building spree, ordering his courtiers to design graceful palaces and gardens. The vizier Rashid al-din built an entire quarter of a thousand houses. Another, Tak al-din Ali Shah, built a lavish, ten-thousand-dinar palace called Paradise, its doors, walls and floors studded with pearls, gold, rubies, turquoise, emeralds and amber. A city of monuments made from baked brick, stone and wood sprang up on the desert plain, luxuriously decorated with bronze doors, inlaid window grilles, marble revetments and mosaic faience.\"§REF§(Marozzi 2004, 133-135) Marozzi, J. 2004. Tamerlane. HarperCollinsPublishers. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 427, "polity": { "id": 488, "name": "ir_susiana_a", "long_name": "Susiana A", "start_year": -6000, "end_year": -5700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 175, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 700, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Using the Seshat-wide estimate of [50-200] people per hectare, Choga Mish would have between 175 and 700 inhabitants. \"Chogha Mish was already a sizable settlement by the Early Chalcolithic period (Early Susiana or Susiana a), covering an area of more than 3.5 ha (Delougaz and Kantor 1996: 280). Most other villages rarely exceeded I ha. Architecture consisted of large multiroom houses containing large living spaces and halls, and smaller storage rooms (Delougaz 1976). Houses appear to have been set close together, with some separated by narrow alleyways. A large brick platfonn measuring at least 6 x 8 m and containing at least six courses of brick was located among the domestic architecture (Delougaz and Kantor 1975: 94). Associated with this platform was a building of substantial size. Another large building was represented by the remains of a thick buttressed wall (Delougaz and Kantor 1975: 95).\" §REF§(Peasnall in Peregrine and Ember 2002, 180)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 428, "polity": { "id": 489, "name": "ir_susiana_b", "long_name": "Susiana B", "start_year": -5700, "end_year": -5100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 175, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 700, "comment": null, "description": "\"Chogha Mish was already a sizable settlement by the Early Chalcolithic period (Early Susiana or Susiana a), covering an area of more than 3.5 ha (Delougaz and Kantor 1996: 280). Most other villages rarely exceeded 1 ha.\" §REF§(Peasnall in Peregrine and Ember 2002, 180)§REF§ Early Chalcolithic: 5500-4800 BCE. Using the Seshat estimated range of [50-200] inhabitants per hectare, this would give us an estimate of 175-700 inhabitants.<br>\"Settlement throughout Khuzistan was sparse during the Early Cha1colithic (Hole 1987a). These early settlements consisted of small undifferentiated villages located near streams in regions where dry farming was possible. Most sites did not exceed I ha in area. Some may have contained up to 400 persons (Hole 1968: 254).\" §REF§( Peasnall in Peregrine and Ember 2002, 171)§REF§ AD: perhaps we cannot use this information if we code the Hajji Muhammad area stricto sensu (where Susa was situated) and not the Khuzistan region.<br>" }, { "id": 429, "polity": { "id": 491, "name": "ir_susiana_ubaid_2", "long_name": "Susiana - Late Ubaid", "start_year": -4700, "end_year": -4300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 750, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 3000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. 15 hectares at Seshat approximation of 50 - 200 per hectares provide an estimate of 750 to 3000.<br>Greatest number of sites cluster near Choga Mish. \"Only toward the end of the fifth millennium did settlement shift toward the west, where Susa became the pre-eminent site. The early settlement is estimated to have covered some 15 ha, about the same as Choga Mish.\"§REF§(Hole 2006, 229) Hole, Frank in Carter, Robert A. Philip, Graham. eds. 2006. Beyond The Ubaid. Transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Illinois.§REF§<br>\"To the north of Susa, along the same terrace, there were some small settlements such as Jaffarabad, Jowi, Bendebal, and Bouhallan that were occupied at various times from the late sixth through late fifth millennia (dollfus 1978).\"§REF§(Hole 2006, 229) Hole, Frank in Carter, Robert A. Philip, Graham. eds. 2006. Beyond The Ubaid. Transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Illinois.§REF§<br>On Khuzistan Plain there were \"hundreds of sites dating from the sixth through fifth millennia (Adams 1962; Kouchoukos and Hole 2003).\"§REF§(Hole 2006, 229) Hole, Frank in Carter, Robert A. Philip, Graham. eds. 2006. Beyond The Ubaid. Transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Illinois.§REF§<br>Susa not present at this time: \"... from the late sixth millennium B.C. onward its northern part had been settled by farming and livestock-raising peoples. More than one thousand years after the appearance of those first permanent villages Susa was founded, in the north-west corner of the [Khuzistan] plain on the anks of a small stream called the Shaur. The site was occupied more or less continually from about 4000 B.C. until the 13th century A.D., when it was abandoned after the Mongol conquest.\"§REF§(Musee du Louvre 1992) Musee du Louvre. 1992. The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre. Metropolitan Museum of Art.§REF§<br>At Tall-i Bakun in fifth-millennium Fars there was a settlement with houses that had three-five rooms each.§REF§(Pollack 2006, 104) Pollack, Susan in Carter, Robert A. Philip, Graham. eds. 2006. Beyond The Ubaid. Transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Illinois.§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 430, "polity": { "id": 490, "name": "ir_susiana_ubaid_1", "long_name": "Susiana - Early Ubaid", "start_year": -5100, "end_year": -4700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 750, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 3000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. 15 hectares at Seshat approximation of 50 - 200 per hectares provide an estimate of 750 to 3000.<br>Greatest number of sites cluster near Choga Mish. \"Only toward the end of the fifth millennium did settlement shift toward the west, where Susa became the pre-eminent site. The early settlement is estimated to have covered some 15 ha, about the same as Choga Mish.\"§REF§(Hole 2006, 229) Hole, Frank in Carter, Robert A. Philip, Graham. eds. 2006. Beyond The Ubaid. Transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Illinois.§REF§<br>\"To the north of Susa, along the same terrace, there were some small settlements such as Jaffarabad, Jowi, Bendebal, and Bouhallan that were occupied at various times from the late sixth through late fifth millennia (dollfus 1978).\"§REF§(Hole 2006, 229) Hole, Frank in Carter, Robert A. Philip, Graham. eds. 2006. Beyond The Ubaid. Transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Illinois.§REF§<br>On Khuzistan Plain there were \"hundreds of sites dating from the sixth through fifth millennia (Adams 1962; Kouchoukos and Hole 2003).\"§REF§(Hole 2006, 229) Hole, Frank in Carter, Robert A. Philip, Graham. eds. 2006. Beyond The Ubaid. Transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Illinois.§REF§<br>At Tall-i Bakun in fifth-millennium Fars there was a settlement with houses that had three-five rooms each.§REF§(Pollack 2006, 104) Pollack, Susan in Carter, Robert A. Philip, Graham. eds. 2006. Beyond The Ubaid. Transformation and integration in the late prehistoric societies of the Middle East. The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. Illinois.§REF§<br>Susa not present at this time: \"... from the late sixth millennium B.C. onward its northern part had been settled by farming and livestock-raising peoples. More than one thousand years after the appearance of those first permanent villages Susa was founded, in the north-west corner of the [Khuzistan] plain on the banks of a small stream called the Shaur. The site was occupied more or less continually from about 4000 B.C. until the 13th century A.D., when it was abandoned after the Mongol conquest.\"§REF§(Musee du Louvre 1992) Musee du Louvre. 1992. The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre. Metropolitan Museum of Art.§REF§<br>\"Like most of Mesopotamia, during its most stylistically unified period in the Ubaid 1-3 periods (5300-4600 BC), Susiana was occupied by small villages (2 hectares or less). Presumably, these villagers subsisted through irrigation agriculture and animal husbandry (Dollfus 1985; Hole 1985). Not until the middle of this period did one site, Choga Mish, increase rapidly in size to 11 hectares. The site for which the area is named, Susa, had not been founded yet.\" §REF§(Rothman 2001, 11-12)§REF§<br>\"Chogha Mish became the largest site on the Susiana plan during the Middle Chalcolithic (Middle Susiana or Susiana b-d), during which time it extended over the whole site, an area of about 15 ha (Delougaz and Kantor 1996: 284).\" §REF§(Peasnall in Peregrine and Ember 2002, 180)§REF§ According to the [50-200] inhabitants range per hectare applied consistently throughout Seshat, this would give us an estimate of [750-3000] inhabitants for Chogha Mish." }, { "id": 431, "polity": { "id": 499, "name": "ir_elam_5", "long_name": "Elam - Kidinuid Period", "start_year": -1500, "end_year": -1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1500, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 6000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Seshat standard 50-200 persons per hectare. Haft Tepe 30 ha.<br>\"Settlement pattern studies suggest that the regional population declined significantly after c. 1600 BC although Malyan itself remained a city of 50 ha with lowland ties. Fewer than thirty sites in the Kur River Basin can be assigned to the last half of the second millennium. This stands in contrast to the Kaftari phase when Malyan reached its maximum extent (150ha) and a minimum of seventy-three sites existed in the surrounding area.\" §REF§(Carter and Stopler 1984, 176)§REF§<br>\"During the post-sukkalmah period, the area of occupation at Susa diminshed; 20 km to the south the site of Haft Tepe grew to approximately 30ha.\" §REF§(Carter and Stopler 1984, 33)§REF§<br>\"Haft Tepe is the name given to a cluster of seven mounds ... spread over an area of at least 30 ha (Carter and Stolper 1984: 158) which is located c. 10 km east-southeast of Susa.\"§REF§(Potts 2016, 184) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>\"Middle Elamite I (ca. 1475-1300 B.C.) ... Susa (55 hectares), with one associated village (KS-23), was a central place for the following sites: (1) Haft Tepe (30 hectares ...), which was a central place for ... - sites of 1 to 6.5 hectares; (2) Chogha Pahn (20 hecatres ...), a central place for ... - 3.5, 2.5, 3.5, 10.7 hectares, respectively; (3) Tepe Senjar (13 hectares ... 1.64), - a central place for ... - sites of 5 hectares each; (4) Tepe Galeh Bangoon/KS-37 (10.7 hectares ...).\"§REF§(Schacht 1987, 180-181) Schacht, Robert. in Hole, Frank ed. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.§REF§" }, { "id": 432, "polity": { "id": 500, "name": "ir_elam_6", "long_name": "Elam - Igihalkid Period", "start_year": -1399, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": -1300, "year_to": -1300, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 2750, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 11000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Seshat standard 50-200 persons per hectare. Choga Zanbil 100 ha 1300 BCE, Susa 55 ha 1300 BCE.<br>Choga Zanbil<br>Untash Napirisha ordered the construction of a brand new city named Al Untash Napirisha, at Chogha Zanbil, enclosing about 100 ha. §REF§(Carter and Stopler 1984, 37)§REF§<br>\"Middle Elamite II (1300-1000 B.C.) ... The construction of the huge site of Chogha Zanbil on an unoccupied ridge near the geographical center of the Susiana Plain illustrates the ambition of Elam at this time.\"§REF§(Schacht 1987, 182) Schacht, Robert. in Hole, Frank ed. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.§REF§<br>Susa<br>\"Middle Elamite I (ca. 1475-1300 B.C.) ... Susa (55 hectares), with one associated village (KS-23), was a central place for the following sites: (1) Haft Tepe (30 hectares ...), which was a central place for ... - sites of 1 to 6.5 hectares; (2) Chogha Pahn (20 hecatres ...), a central place for ... - 3.5, 2.5, 3.5, 10.7 hectares, respectively; (3) Tepe Senjar (13 hectares ... 1.64), - a central place for ... - sites of 5 hectares each; (4) Tepe Galeh Bangoon/KS-37 (10.7 hectares ...).\"§REF§(Schacht 1987, 180-181) Schacht, Robert. in Hole, Frank ed. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.§REF§<br>Haft Tepe (not the largest settlement) has an area of at least 30ha at the time of Tepti-ahar (c.1375 BCE). §REF§(Carter and Stopler 1984, 158)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 433, "polity": { "id": 500, "name": "ir_elam_6", "long_name": "Elam - Igihalkid Period", "start_year": -1399, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": -1200, "year_to": -1200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 5000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 20000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Seshat standard 50-200 persons per hectare. Choga Zanbil 100 ha 1300 BCE, Susa 55 ha 1300 BCE.<br>Choga Zanbil<br>Untash Napirisha ordered the construction of a brand new city named Al Untash Napirisha, at Chogha Zanbil, enclosing about 100 ha. §REF§(Carter and Stopler 1984, 37)§REF§<br>\"Middle Elamite II (1300-1000 B.C.) ... The construction of the huge site of Chogha Zanbil on an unoccupied ridge near the geographical center of the Susiana Plain illustrates the ambition of Elam at this time.\"§REF§(Schacht 1987, 182) Schacht, Robert. in Hole, Frank ed. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.§REF§<br>Susa<br>\"Middle Elamite I (ca. 1475-1300 B.C.) ... Susa (55 hectares), with one associated village (KS-23), was a central place for the following sites: (1) Haft Tepe (30 hectares ...), which was a central place for ... - sites of 1 to 6.5 hectares; (2) Chogha Pahn (20 hecatres ...), a central place for ... - 3.5, 2.5, 3.5, 10.7 hectares, respectively; (3) Tepe Senjar (13 hectares ... 1.64), - a central place for ... - sites of 5 hectares each; (4) Tepe Galeh Bangoon/KS-37 (10.7 hectares ...).\"§REF§(Schacht 1987, 180-181) Schacht, Robert. in Hole, Frank ed. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.§REF§<br>Haft Tepe (not the largest settlement) has an area of at least 30ha at the time of Tepti-ahar (c.1375 BCE). §REF§(Carter and Stopler 1984, 158)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 434, "polity": { "id": 125, "name": "ir_parthian_emp_1", "long_name": "Parthian Empire I", "start_year": -247, "end_year": 40 }, "year_from": -100, "year_to": -100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 300000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 300000, "comment": null, "description": " 600,000 Seleucia-Ctesiphon<br>300,000: 100 BCE; 400,000: 1 CE; 400,000: 100 CE; [20,000-40,000]: 200 CE<br>200 BCE - Nisa. Before expansion of the Parthian territories.<br>100 BCE - 300,000 in Seleucia<br>1 CE - 400,000 in Seleucia; 100,000 in Merv.§REF§(Modelski 2003, 55) Modelski, George. 2003. World Cities: -3000 to 2000. Washingto D.C. Faros 2000.§REF§<br>100 CE - 400,000 in Seleucia; 100,000 in Merv.§REF§(Modelski 2003, 55) Modelski, George. 2003. World Cities: -3000 to 2000. Washingto D.C. Faros 2000.§REF§<br>200 CE - Selucia destroyed by Romans in 167 CE. Ctesiphon was weakened by Roman invasions. Could be Ecbatana/Hamadan, Rayy or Susa? The population of Susa has been estimated as 20,000 to 40,000.§REF§Wenke, Robert J., ‘Elymeans, Parthians, and the Evolution of Empires in Southwestern Iran’, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 101 (1981), 310.§REF§ <i>- for which years does this estimate apply?</i> However, 20,000-40,000 might be a reasonable estimate for the size of second tier Parthian cities which were presumably still standing at this time.<br>600,000: Seleucia on the Tigris<br>\"The largest population center and the greatest Greek city was Seleucia on the Tigris, the third largest city of the ancient world, numbering 600,000 inhabitants at its peak.\"§REF§(Dabrowa 2012, 183) Dabrowa, Edward. The Arcasid Empire. in Daryaee, Touraj ed. 2012. The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press.§REF§<br>1,000,000: Ctesiphon<br>\"Ctesiphon city complex with approximately one million inhabitants.\"§REF§Rezakhani, Khodadad. 2016. Arsacid Society and Culture. Accessed 06.09.2016: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/</a>§REF§<br>200,000: Hecatompylos, 200,000: Nisa; 200,000+: Rhagae<br>\"Hecatompylos, with an area of 28 km2 renders enough space for a population of 200,000 while Nisa was probably home to the same number of people and Rhagae at a slightly higher number.\"§REF§Rezakhani, Khodadad. 2016. Arsacid Society and Culture. Accessed 06.09.2016: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 435, "polity": { "id": 125, "name": "ir_parthian_emp_1", "long_name": "Parthian Empire I", "start_year": -247, "end_year": 40 }, "year_from": 1, "year_to": 1, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 400000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 600000, "comment": null, "description": " 600,000 Seleucia-Ctesiphon<br>300,000: 100 BCE; 400,000: 1 CE; 400,000: 100 CE; [20,000-40,000]: 200 CE<br>200 BCE - Nisa. Before expansion of the Parthian territories.<br>100 BCE - 300,000 in Seleucia<br>1 CE - 400,000 in Seleucia; 100,000 in Merv.§REF§(Modelski 2003, 55) Modelski, George. 2003. World Cities: -3000 to 2000. Washingto D.C. Faros 2000.§REF§<br>100 CE - 400,000 in Seleucia; 100,000 in Merv.§REF§(Modelski 2003, 55) Modelski, George. 2003. World Cities: -3000 to 2000. Washingto D.C. Faros 2000.§REF§<br>200 CE - Selucia destroyed by Romans in 167 CE. Ctesiphon was weakened by Roman invasions. Could be Ecbatana/Hamadan, Rayy or Susa? The population of Susa has been estimated as 20,000 to 40,000.§REF§Wenke, Robert J., ‘Elymeans, Parthians, and the Evolution of Empires in Southwestern Iran’, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 101 (1981), 310.§REF§ <i>- for which years does this estimate apply?</i> However, 20,000-40,000 might be a reasonable estimate for the size of second tier Parthian cities which were presumably still standing at this time.<br>600,000: Seleucia on the Tigris<br>\"The largest population center and the greatest Greek city was Seleucia on the Tigris, the third largest city of the ancient world, numbering 600,000 inhabitants at its peak.\"§REF§(Dabrowa 2012, 183) Dabrowa, Edward. The Arcasid Empire. in Daryaee, Touraj ed. 2012. The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press.§REF§<br>1,000,000: Ctesiphon<br>\"Ctesiphon city complex with approximately one million inhabitants.\"§REF§Rezakhani, Khodadad. 2016. Arsacid Society and Culture. Accessed 06.09.2016: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/</a>§REF§<br>200,000: Hecatompylos, 200,000: Nisa; 200,000+: Rhagae<br>\"Hecatompylos, with an area of 28 km2 renders enough space for a population of 200,000 while Nisa was probably home to the same number of people and Rhagae at a slightly higher number.\"§REF§Rezakhani, Khodadad. 2016. Arsacid Society and Culture. Accessed 06.09.2016: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 436, "polity": { "id": 483, "name": "iq_parthian_emp_2", "long_name": "Parthian Empire II", "start_year": 41, "end_year": 226 }, "year_from": 100, "year_to": 100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 400000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 400000, "comment": null, "description": " Seleucia-Ctesiphon [600,000]<br>300,000: 100 BCE; 400,000: 1 CE; 400,000: 100 CE; [20,000-40,000]: 200 CE<br>200 BCE - Nisa. Before expansion of the Parthian territories.<br>100 BCE - 300,000 in Seleucia<br>1 CE - 400,000 in Seleucia; 100,000 in Merv.§REF§(Modelski 2003, 55) Modelski, George. 2003. World Cities: -3000 to 2000. Washingto D.C. Faros 2000.§REF§<br>100 CE - 400,000 in Seleucia; 100,000 in Merv.§REF§(Modelski 2003, 55) Modelski, George. 2003. World Cities: -3000 to 2000. Washingto D.C. Faros 2000.§REF§<br>200 CE - Selucia destroyed by Romans in 167 CE. Ctesiphon was weakened by Roman invasions. Could be Ecbatana/Hamadan, Rayy or Susa? The population of Susa has been estimated as 20,000 to 40,000.§REF§Wenke, Robert J., ‘Elymeans, Parthians, and the Evolution of Empires in Southwestern Iran’, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 101 (1981), 310.§REF§ <i>- for which years does this estimate apply?</i> However, 20,000-40,000 might be a reasonable estimate for the size of second tier Parthian cities which were presumably still standing at this time.<br>600,000: Seleucia on the Tigris<br>\"The largest population center and the greatest Greek city was Seleucia on the Tigris, the third largest city of the ancient world, numbering 600,000 inhabitants at its peak.\"§REF§(Dabrowa 2012, 183) Dabrowa, Edward. The Arcasid Empire. in Daryaee, Touraj ed. 2012. The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press.§REF§<br>1,000,000: Ctesiphon<br>\"Ctesiphon city complex with approximately one million inhabitants.\"§REF§Rezakhani, Khodadad. 2016. Arsacid Society and Culture. Accessed 06.09.2016: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/</a>§REF§<br>200,000: Hecatompylos, 200,000: Nisa; 200,000+: Rhagae<br>\"Hecatompylos, with an area of 28 km2 renders enough space for a population of 200,000 while Nisa was probably home to the same number of people and Rhagae at a slightly higher number.\"§REF§Rezakhani, Khodadad. 2016. Arsacid Society and Culture. Accessed 06.09.2016: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/</a>§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 437, "polity": { "id": 483, "name": "iq_parthian_emp_2", "long_name": "Parthian Empire II", "start_year": 41, "end_year": 226 }, "year_from": 200, "year_to": 200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 20000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 40000, "comment": null, "description": " Seleucia-Ctesiphon [600,000]<br>300,000: 100 BCE; 400,000: 1 CE; 400,000: 100 CE; [20,000-40,000]: 200 CE<br>200 BCE - Nisa. Before expansion of the Parthian territories.<br>100 BCE - 300,000 in Seleucia<br>1 CE - 400,000 in Seleucia; 100,000 in Merv.§REF§(Modelski 2003, 55) Modelski, George. 2003. World Cities: -3000 to 2000. Washingto D.C. Faros 2000.§REF§<br>100 CE - 400,000 in Seleucia; 100,000 in Merv.§REF§(Modelski 2003, 55) Modelski, George. 2003. World Cities: -3000 to 2000. Washingto D.C. Faros 2000.§REF§<br>200 CE - Selucia destroyed by Romans in 167 CE. Ctesiphon was weakened by Roman invasions. Could be Ecbatana/Hamadan, Rayy or Susa? The population of Susa has been estimated as 20,000 to 40,000.§REF§Wenke, Robert J., ‘Elymeans, Parthians, and the Evolution of Empires in Southwestern Iran’, Journal of the American Oriental Society, 101 (1981), 310.§REF§ <i>- for which years does this estimate apply?</i> However, 20,000-40,000 might be a reasonable estimate for the size of second tier Parthian cities which were presumably still standing at this time.<br>600,000: Seleucia on the Tigris<br>\"The largest population center and the greatest Greek city was Seleucia on the Tigris, the third largest city of the ancient world, numbering 600,000 inhabitants at its peak.\"§REF§(Dabrowa 2012, 183) Dabrowa, Edward. The Arcasid Empire. in Daryaee, Touraj ed. 2012. The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History. Oxford University Press.§REF§<br>1,000,000: Ctesiphon<br>\"Ctesiphon city complex with approximately one million inhabitants.\"§REF§Rezakhani, Khodadad. 2016. Arsacid Society and Culture. Accessed 06.09.2016: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/</a>§REF§<br>200,000: Hecatompylos, 200,000: Nisa; 200,000+: Rhagae<br>\"Hecatompylos, with an area of 28 km2 renders enough space for a population of 200,000 while Nisa was probably home to the same number of people and Rhagae at a slightly higher number.\"§REF§Rezakhani, Khodadad. 2016. Arsacid Society and Culture. Accessed 06.09.2016: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://iranologie.com/the-history-page/the-arsacid-empire/arsacid-society-and-culture/</a>§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 438, "polity": { "id": 485, "name": "ir_susiana_pre_ceramic", "long_name": "Pre-Ceramic Period", "start_year": -7800, "end_year": -7200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 250, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 500, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>8,000-7,000 BCE Neolithic, includes site of Ali Kosh in Khuzistan. \"Sedentary village communities began to have between 250 and 500 inhabitants, regular mud-brick houses, and an economy based on agriculture and the farming of sheep, goats and pigs (and cattle by the end of the period).\"§REF§(Leverani 2014, 38) Liverani, Mario. Tabatabai, Soraia trans. 2014. The Ancient Near East. History, society and economy. Routledge. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 439, "polity": { "id": 509, "name": "ir_qajar_dyn", "long_name": "Qajar Dynasty", "start_year": 1794, "end_year": 1925 }, "year_from": 1850, "year_to": 1850, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 70000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 110000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Tehran in 1796 CE probably had a population under 15,000, and included 3,000 soldiers - so probably not the largest city at this time.§REF§(Bosworth ed. 2007, 507) ???. Tehran. C Edmund Bosworth. ed. 2007. Historic Cities of the Islamic World. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§<br>By 1808 CE Tehran's wintertime population reached 50,000.§REF§(Bosworth ed. 2007, 508) ???. Tehran. C Edmund Bosworth. ed. 2007. Historic Cities of the Islamic World. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§<br>In 1861 CE Tehran's population was 80,000 in summer and 120,000 in winter.§REF§(Bosworth ed.? 2007, 508) ???. Tehran. C Edmund Bosworth. ed. 2007. Historic Cities of the Islamic World. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§<br>Tehran: \"A recent study has supplied more reliable numbers: 106,482 in 1883; 160,000 in 1891; 210,000 in 1922; and 310,000 in 1932.\"§REF§(Bosworth ed. 2007, 511) ???. Tehran. C Edmund Bosworth. ed. 2007. Historic Cities of the Islamic World. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 440, "polity": { "id": 509, "name": "ir_qajar_dyn", "long_name": "Qajar Dynasty", "start_year": 1794, "end_year": 1925 }, "year_from": 1900, "year_to": 1900, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 160000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 210000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants.<br>Tehran in 1796 CE probably had a population under 15,000, and included 3,000 soldiers - so probably not the largest city at this time.§REF§(Bosworth ed. 2007, 507) ???. Tehran. C Edmund Bosworth. ed. 2007. Historic Cities of the Islamic World. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§<br>By 1808 CE Tehran's wintertime population reached 50,000.§REF§(Bosworth ed. 2007, 508) ???. Tehran. C Edmund Bosworth. ed. 2007. Historic Cities of the Islamic World. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§<br>In 1861 CE Tehran's population was 80,000 in summer and 120,000 in winter.§REF§(Bosworth ed.? 2007, 508) ???. Tehran. C Edmund Bosworth. ed. 2007. Historic Cities of the Islamic World. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§<br>Tehran: \"A recent study has supplied more reliable numbers: 106,482 in 1883; 160,000 in 1891; 210,000 in 1922; and 310,000 in 1932.\"§REF§(Bosworth ed. 2007, 511) ???. Tehran. C Edmund Bosworth. ed. 2007. Historic Cities of the Islamic World. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 441, "polity": { "id": 128, "name": "ir_sassanid_emp_1", "long_name": "Sasanid Empire I", "start_year": 205, "end_year": 487 }, "year_from": 220, "year_to": 360, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": " People. Ctesiphon 250,000: 361-400 CE.§REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§ Ctesiphon 100,000: 300 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 55)§REF§" }, { "id": 442, "polity": { "id": 128, "name": "ir_sassanid_emp_1", "long_name": "Sasanid Empire I", "start_year": 205, "end_year": 487 }, "year_from": 361, "year_to": 487, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 250000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 250000, "comment": null, "description": " People. Ctesiphon 250,000: 361-400 CE.§REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§ Ctesiphon 100,000: 300 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 55)§REF§" }, { "id": 443, "polity": { "id": 130, "name": "ir_sassanid_emp_2", "long_name": "Sasanid Empire II", "start_year": 488, "end_year": 642 }, "year_from": 499, "year_to": 599, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 400000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 400000, "comment": null, "description": " People. 400,000: 500 CE; 500,000: 620 CE Ctesiphon 500 CE and 620 CE.§REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§ Ctesiphon sacked in 637 CE, eventually deserted. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 55, 180)§REF§ AD: 500,000 has been coded for 600 CE assuming that the population didn't fluctuate too much in 20 years." }, { "id": 444, "polity": { "id": 130, "name": "ir_sassanid_emp_2", "long_name": "Sasanid Empire II", "start_year": 488, "end_year": 642 }, "year_from": 600, "year_to": 642, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 500000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 500000, "comment": null, "description": " People. 400,000: 500 CE; 500,000: 620 CE Ctesiphon 500 CE and 620 CE.§REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§ Ctesiphon sacked in 637 CE, eventually deserted. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 55, 180)§REF§ AD: 500,000 has been coded for 600 CE assuming that the population didn't fluctuate too much in 20 years." }, { "id": 445, "polity": { "id": 364, "name": "ir_seljuk_sultanate", "long_name": "Seljuk Sultanate", "start_year": 1037, "end_year": 1157 }, "year_from": 1100, "year_to": 1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 500000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1000000, "comment": null, "description": " AD: turned into a range to reflect more possibilities for Baghdad.<br>Nishapur§REF§(Peacock 2015, 302) Peacock, A C S. 2015. The Great Seljuk Empire. Edinburgh University Press Ltd. Edinburgh.§REF§<br>110,000-220,000: 1000 CE (Bulliet)<br>50,000: 1000 CE (Bosworth)<br>Isfahan§REF§(Peacock 2015, 302) Peacock, A C S. 2015. The Great Seljuk Empire. Edinburgh University Press Ltd. Edinburgh.§REF§<br>65,000-130,000: 11th century (Durand-Guedy)<br>Sultankala (\"the main Seljuk urban area at Merv\")<br>150,000 (Agadshanow)<br>Baghdad§REF§(Peacock 2015, 302) Peacock, A C S. 2015. The Great Seljuk Empire. Edinburgh University Press Ltd. Edinburgh.§REF§<br>500,000-1,000,000: Late 11th century (Duri)<br>" }, { "id": 446, "polity": { "id": 496, "name": "ir_elam_2", "long_name": "Elam - Shimashki Period", "start_year": -2028, "end_year": -1940 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 6500, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 26000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. At Seshat standard rate of 50-200 persons per hectare, 130 hectares makes Tel-I Malyan estimated population 6,500-26,000. \"From 1900-1800 BC the site of Tal-I Malyan rose in size to a massive 130 ha of settled area.\"§REF§(Potts 1999: 152) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/WDUEEBGQ/q/Potts\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/WDUEEBGQ/q/Potts</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 447, "polity": { "id": 498, "name": "ir_elam_4", "long_name": "Elam - Late Sukkalmah", "start_year": -1700, "end_year": -1500 }, "year_from": -1700, "year_to": -1601, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 6500, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 26000, "comment": null, "description": "Malyan 130 ha. (Susa 85 ha. Chogha Zanbil 100 ha.)<br>Susa had c. 85 ha in Early Elamite period. Based on the rate of 50-200 people per hectare that has been applied consistently across the Seshat database to cover 90% of the variability, Susa had between 4,250-17,000 inhabitants.<br>Susa<br>\"Susa is thought to have covered an area of c. 85 ha by the sukkalmah period, when roughly twenty new villages were founded as well (Carter and Stolper 1984: 150).\"§REF§(Potts 2016, 167) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>\"Besides Susa, which reached a maximum extent of 85 hectares during the second millennium B.C., a new 100-hectare settlement was built on a previously unoccupied locale now known as Chogha Zanbil.\"§REF§(Schacht 1987, 173) Schacht, Robert. in Hole, Frank ed. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.§REF§<br>\"The historical phases at Susa ... - Old Akkadian, Ur III and Shimashki period - are not discernible at Anshan itself. Abandoned at the end of the Banesh period c.2600 BC, Tal-i Malyan was resettled c. 2200 BC, and the entire time span down to 1600 BC is characterized by a fairly uniform material culture referred to as 'Kaftari' (Sumner 1989).\"§REF§(Potts 2016, 143) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>Tal-i Malyan 39 ha during Early Kaftari (2200-1900 BCE).§REF§(Potts 2016, 143) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>Tal-i Malyan expanded to 130 ha during Middle Kaftari (1900-1800 BCE)§REF§(Potts 2016, 143) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>Tal-i Malyan 98 ha during Late Kaftari (1800-1600 BCE).§REF§(Potts 2016, 143) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 448, "polity": { "id": 498, "name": "ir_elam_4", "long_name": "Elam - Late Sukkalmah", "start_year": -1700, "end_year": -1500 }, "year_from": -1600, "year_to": -1501, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 4250, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 17000, "comment": null, "description": "Malyan 130 ha. (Susa 85 ha. Chogha Zanbil 100 ha.)<br>Susa had c. 85 ha in Early Elamite period. Based on the rate of 50-200 people per hectare that has been applied consistently across the Seshat database to cover 90% of the variability, Susa had between 4,250-17,000 inhabitants.<br>Susa<br>\"Susa is thought to have covered an area of c. 85 ha by the sukkalmah period, when roughly twenty new villages were founded as well (Carter and Stolper 1984: 150).\"§REF§(Potts 2016, 167) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>\"Besides Susa, which reached a maximum extent of 85 hectares during the second millennium B.C., a new 100-hectare settlement was built on a previously unoccupied locale now known as Chogha Zanbil.\"§REF§(Schacht 1987, 173) Schacht, Robert. in Hole, Frank ed. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.§REF§<br>\"The historical phases at Susa ... - Old Akkadian, Ur III and Shimashki period - are not discernible at Anshan itself. Abandoned at the end of the Banesh period c.2600 BC, Tal-i Malyan was resettled c. 2200 BC, and the entire time span down to 1600 BC is characterized by a fairly uniform material culture referred to as 'Kaftari' (Sumner 1989).\"§REF§(Potts 2016, 143) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>Tal-i Malyan 39 ha during Early Kaftari (2200-1900 BCE).§REF§(Potts 2016, 143) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>Tal-i Malyan expanded to 130 ha during Middle Kaftari (1900-1800 BCE)§REF§(Potts 2016, 143) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>Tal-i Malyan 98 ha during Late Kaftari (1800-1600 BCE).§REF§(Potts 2016, 143) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 449, "polity": { "id": 492, "name": "ir_susa_1", "long_name": "Susa I", "start_year": -4300, "end_year": -3800 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 350, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1400, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Coding Seshat standard of 50-200 per hectare for the largest mound group at Susa. According to Dollfus Susa was a city made up of little hamlets rather than a contiguous 15-18 ha urban area. Four separate mound groups, largest 7 ha and 6.3 ha.§REF§(Potts 2016, 48) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>Susa: \"... from the late sixth millennium B.C. onward its northern part had been settled by farming and livestock-raising peoples. More than one thousand years after the appearance of those first permanent villages Susa was founded, in the north-west corner of the [Khuzistan] plain on the anks of a small stream called the Shaur. The site was occupied more or less continually from about 4000 B.C. until the 13th century A.D., when it was abandoned after the Mongol conquest.\"§REF§(Musee du Louvre 1992) Musee du Louvre. 1992. The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre. Metropolitan Museum of Art.§REF§<br>“The Susa Phase is best known architecturally from Jaffarabad where there was a small domestic settlement of twenty-five to thirty persons contemporary and similar to a village at nearby Bendebal.\" §REF§(Hole 1987, 41)§REF§ - typical village size?" }, { "id": 450, "polity": { "id": 493, "name": "ir_susa_2", "long_name": "Susa II", "start_year": -3800, "end_year": -3100 }, "year_from": -3800, "year_to": -3601, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 250, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 1000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Estimates using Seshat standard 50-200 persons per hectare. Date estimates are based on dates for this polity sheet as the reference gave no timeframe other than the words \"initial\" and \"middle.\"<br>Middle Uruk. Estimated population at Susa: 5,000.§REF§(Johnson 1987, 120) Johnson, Gregory A. in Hole, Frank ed. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.§REF§ <i>applying this estimate to Middle Uruk in this period.</i><br>At start of Susa II urban area of Susa had declined to 5 ha site but overall Susiana had more settleents and had three other sites of comparable size to Susa.§REF§(Potts 2016, 55) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>During middle of Susa II period the site was c25 ha.§REF§(Potts 2016, 56) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>Susa: \"... from the late sixth millennium B.C. onward its northern part had been settled by farming and livestock-raising peoples. More than one thousand years after the appearance of those first permanent villages Susa was founded, in the north-west corner of the [Khuzistan] plain on the anks of a small stream called the Shaur. The site was occupied more or less continually from about 4000 B.C. until the 13th century A.D., when it was abandoned after the Mongol conquest.\"§REF§(Musee du Louvre 1992) Musee du Louvre. 1992. The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre. Metropolitan Museum of Art.§REF§<br>\"Sometime during the fourth millennium, in the urban center of Uruk (for which the archaeological period is named), southern Mesopotamia acquired a specifically Sumerian historical identity. ... Susa, in its earliest period (Susa I) attached to the world of the Iranian plateau, was now (in Susa II) integrated into the early Sumerian civilization of Mesopotamia, which it interpreted with originality.\"§REF§(Amiet, Chevalier and Carter 1992, 4) Amiet, Pierre. Chevalier, Nicole. Carter, Elizabeth. in Harper, Prudence O. Aruz, Joan. Tallon, Francoise. eds. 1992. The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre. Metropolitan Museum of Art.§REF§" }, { "id": 451, "polity": { "id": 493, "name": "ir_susa_2", "long_name": "Susa II", "start_year": -3800, "end_year": -3100 }, "year_from": -3600, "year_to": -3101, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1250, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 5000, "comment": null, "description": " Inhabitants. Estimates using Seshat standard 50-200 persons per hectare. Date estimates are based on dates for this polity sheet as the reference gave no timeframe other than the words \"initial\" and \"middle.\"<br>Middle Uruk. Estimated population at Susa: 5,000.§REF§(Johnson 1987, 120) Johnson, Gregory A. in Hole, Frank ed. 1987. The Archaeology of Western Iran. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.§REF§ <i>applying this estimate to Middle Uruk in this period.</i><br>At start of Susa II urban area of Susa had declined to 5 ha site but overall Susiana had more settleents and had three other sites of comparable size to Susa.§REF§(Potts 2016, 55) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>During middle of Susa II period the site was c25 ha.§REF§(Potts 2016, 56) Potts, D T. 2016. The Archaeology of Elam Formation and Transformation of an Ancient Iranian State. 2nd Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>Susa: \"... from the late sixth millennium B.C. onward its northern part had been settled by farming and livestock-raising peoples. More than one thousand years after the appearance of those first permanent villages Susa was founded, in the north-west corner of the [Khuzistan] plain on the anks of a small stream called the Shaur. The site was occupied more or less continually from about 4000 B.C. until the 13th century A.D., when it was abandoned after the Mongol conquest.\"§REF§(Musee du Louvre 1992) Musee du Louvre. 1992. The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre. Metropolitan Museum of Art.§REF§<br>\"Sometime during the fourth millennium, in the urban center of Uruk (for which the archaeological period is named), southern Mesopotamia acquired a specifically Sumerian historical identity. ... Susa, in its earliest period (Susa I) attached to the world of the Iranian plateau, was now (in Susa II) integrated into the early Sumerian civilization of Mesopotamia, which it interpreted with originality.\"§REF§(Amiet, Chevalier and Carter 1992, 4) Amiet, Pierre. Chevalier, Nicole. Carter, Elizabeth. in Harper, Prudence O. Aruz, Joan. Tallon, Francoise. eds. 1992. The Royal City of Susa: Ancient Near Eastern Treasures in the Louvre. Metropolitan Museum of Art.§REF§" } ] }