Population Of The Largest Settlement List
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{ "count": 577, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/population-of-the-largest-settlements/?format=api&page=12", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/population-of-the-largest-settlements/?format=api&page=10", "results": [ { "id": 810, "polity": { "id": 250, "name": "cn_qin_emp", "long_name": "Qin Empire", "start_year": -338, "end_year": -207 }, "year_from": -200, "year_to": -200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 200000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": "People. Linzi: 300 BCE. Luoyang: 200-100 BCE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 42)§REF§<br>Xianyang (capital): 100,000: 300-200 BCE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 42)§REF§<br>Note: in an attempt to end feudalism, \"Legalist\" chief minister Li Si (237-208 BCE) deported 120,000 families to capital, Xiangyang §REF§(Roberts 2003, 36)§REF§§REF§(Davidson 2011, 69)§REF§ in years 221, 219, 213 BCE.§REF§(Stearns 2001, 49)§REF§<br>Other cities (300 BCE):§REF§(Modelski 2003, 42)§REF§" }, { "id": 811, "polity": { "id": 250, "name": "cn_qin_emp", "long_name": "Qin Empire", "start_year": -338, "end_year": -207 }, "year_from": -100, "year_to": -100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 200000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": "People. Linzi: 300 BCE. Luoyang: 200-100 BCE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 42)§REF§<br>Xianyang (capital): 100,000: 300-200 BCE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 42)§REF§<br>Note: in an attempt to end feudalism, \"Legalist\" chief minister Li Si (237-208 BCE) deported 120,000 families to capital, Xiangyang §REF§(Roberts 2003, 36)§REF§§REF§(Davidson 2011, 69)§REF§ in years 221, 219, 213 BCE.§REF§(Stearns 2001, 49)§REF§<br>Other cities (300 BCE):§REF§(Modelski 2003, 42)§REF§" }, { "id": 812, "polity": { "id": 506, "name": "gr_macedonian_emp", "long_name": "Macedonian Empire", "start_year": -330, "end_year": -312 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 20000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 80000, "comment": null, "description": "People. 140,000: 359-336 BCE Pella spanned 400 hectares. §REF§(Girtzi-Bafas 2009)§REF§ 350 persons per hectare (mean for all estimates of ancient urban population density §REF§(<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"https://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/WCITI2.html\">https://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/WCITI2.html</a>)§REF§) gives a population estimate of 140,000.<br>AD: using an estimate of [50-200] people per hectare, the population of Pella was comprised between" }, { "id": 813, "polity": { "id": 708, "name": "pt_portuguese_emp_1", "long_name": "Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period", "start_year": 1495, "end_year": 1579 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 60000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": "Inhabitants. \"Lisbon itself had a population of about 65,000 in 1527 and 100,000 by mid-century, by which time it was the largest city in the whole Iberian peninsula.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TKKDT5CZ\">[Disney 2009]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 814, "polity": { "id": 709, "name": "pt_portuguese_emp_2", "long_name": "Portuguese Empire - Early Modern", "start_year": 1640, "end_year": 1806 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 135000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 135000, "comment": "Inhabitants. \"Lisbon itself had a population of about 65,000 in 1527 and 100,000 by mid-century, by which time it was the largest city in the whole Iberian peninsula.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TKKDT5CZ\">[Disney 2009]</a> \"Lisbon was still easily Portugal’s largest city; but its population actually declined in the first few decades of the eighteenth century, then rose again inline with overall trends. By 1756 it stood at about 135,000.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TKKDT5CZ\">[Disney 2009]</a> Note that this was after the earthquake of 1755: \"Shortly before 9.45 A.M. on 1 November 1755 Lisbon was struck by a massive earthquake thought to have measured 8.5 to 9 on the Richter scale. [...] When it was all finally over, some 10,000 to 15,000 of Lisbon’s inhabitants had lost their lives and the city lay in ruins.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TKKDT5CZ\">[Disney 2009]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 816, "polity": { "id": 337, "name": "ru_moskva_rurik_dyn", "long_name": "Grand Principality of Moscow, Rurikid Dynasty", "start_year": 1480, "end_year": 1613 }, "year_from": 1520, "year_to": 1550, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 30000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": "As to the total numbers of the population within these borders we have no clue, not even approximate. Touching the capital itself, information varies to an extent which defies all certainty. The number of houses set down for the year 1520—41,500—would give us a population of at least 100,000 souls. But thirty years later the Pope's Envoy, Possevino, gives 30,000 as a more likely number. True it is, indeed, that the town, during the interval, had undergone a Tartar invasion which had laid it in utter ruin. But the same thing is true of most of the towns of this Empire, in which war still raged almost everywhere, and, between any two given periods—often in the space of a year—changed the whole face of a country.§REF§(Waliszewski, 2006)<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/L5RIIUE3\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: L5RIIUE3</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 817, "polity": { "id": 710, "name": "tz_tana", "long_name": "Classic Tana", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1498 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": "Inhabitants. The following is relevant: \"By the end of the fifteenth century, economic competition from other coastal towns had grown such that Kilwa's authority was recognized as one amongst many powerful towns. Kilwa now shared the revenues of its extensive tax system with Mombasa (da Silva Rego and Baxter v.l, 1963: 397-8). At this period, Mombasa had surpassed Kilwa in size and possibly wealth, with its population close to 10,000, while Kilwa reportedly contained only 4,000 inhabitants (da Silva Rego and Baxter v.l , 1963: 535, 537).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/BZK4K9CG\">[Fleisher_Reid_Lane 2014]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 818, "polity": { "id": 535, "name": "ug_bunyoro_k_2", "long_name": "Bito Dynasty", "start_year": 1700, "end_year": 1894 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 500, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 500, "comment": "Inhabitants. \"The first European descriptions, as we have seen, concerned the kings' courts . The nature of these \"capitals\" is indeed revealing. The number of permanent and transient residents in each in the late nineteenth century was impressive: according to sources from this period, there were five hundred in Bunyoro, two thousand in Bukeye in Burundi, two thousand in Nyanza in Rwanda, but twenty thousand in Mengo in Buganda.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/FXCVWDRI\">[Chrétien 2006, p. 166]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 819, "polity": { "id": 715, "name": "tz_east_africa_ia_1", "long_name": "Early East Africa Iron Age", "start_year": 200, "end_year": 499 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 820, "polity": { "id": 716, "name": "tz_early_tana_1", "long_name": "Early Tana 1", "start_year": 500, "end_year": 749 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 821, "polity": { "id": 717, "name": "tz_early_tana_2", "long_name": "Early Tana 2", "start_year": 750, "end_year": 999 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 822, "polity": { "id": 223, "name": "ma_almoravid_dyn", "long_name": "Almoravids", "start_year": 1035, "end_year": 1150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 75000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 150000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. Estimate to include possible variations around 100,000 inhabitants for Seville.<br>Seville: 100,000 in 1000 CE. Seville was the European capital of the Almoravid and Almohad Empires and there was population expansion during years 1100-1200 CE. §REF§(Modelski 2003, 55, 187)§REF§<br>For a time, Aghmat was the wealthiest town. §REF§(Hrbek and Devisse 1988, 363)§REF§" }, { "id": 823, "polity": { "id": 210, "name": "et_aksum_emp_2", "long_name": "Axum II", "start_year": 350, "end_year": 599 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 50000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 60000, "comment": "Inhabitants.<br>According to Michels (2005), the population of Aksum (city) grew from 450-750 CE to about 39,603. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/YB8JYYEZ\">[Connah 2015, p. 142]</a> \"Michel's figure for Aksum's maximum population was significantly underestimated\" according to Phillipson (2012). <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/YB8JYYEZ\">[Connah 2015, p. 143]</a> Adulis, above-ground estimate suggests 500m*400m area. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Z5V2LQXW\">[Anfray 1981, p. 366]</a> Not sure which period.<br>\"By the 6th century, the urban core of Aksum was about 180ha in extent with additional related satellite settlements and rural hinterland communities extending at least 10km in radius and linked by a network of paved and unpaved roads. At its height, at least 50,000 people would have inhabited the ancient city's centre, with thousands more living in the urban periphery and immediate hinterland. The boundaries of the ancient city seem to have been marked by monumental stone throne bases and royal inscriptions.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WF8KTJRD\">[Uhlig 2017, p. 106]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 824, "polity": { "id": 213, "name": "et_aksum_emp_3", "long_name": "Axum III", "start_year": 600, "end_year": 800 }, "year_from": 600, "year_to": 700, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 50000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 60000, "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 825, "polity": { "id": 213, "name": "et_aksum_emp_3", "long_name": "Axum III", "start_year": 600, "end_year": 800 }, "year_from": 800, "year_to": 800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 40000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 50000, "comment": "Inhabitants.<br>According to Michels (2005), the population of Aksum (city) grew from 450-750 CE to about 39,603. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/YB8JYYEZ\">[Connah 2015, p. 142]</a> \"Michel's figure for Aksum's maximum population was significantly underestimated\" according to Phillipson (2012). <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/YB8JYYEZ\">[Connah 2015, p. 143]</a> According to Michels (2005), the population of Aksum (city) declined in the period 750-850 CE. There was a population collapse after 850 CE. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/YB8JYYEZ\">[Connah 2015, p. 143]</a> \"By the 6th century, the urban core of Aksum was about 180ha in extent with additional related satellite settlements and rural hinterland communities extending at least 10km in radius and linked by a network of paved and unpaved roads. At its height, at least 50,000 people would have inhabited the ancient city's centre, with thousands more living in the urban periphery and immediate hinterland. The boundaries of the ancient city seem to have been marked by monumental stone throne bases and royal inscriptions.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WF8KTJRD\">[Uhlig 2017, p. 106]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 826, "polity": { "id": 379, "name": "mm_bagan", "long_name": "Bagan", "start_year": 1044, "end_year": 1287 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>\"Pagan, at one time a great and flourishing capital covering over thirty-two square miles along the eastern banks of the river Irrawaddy\".§REF§(Soni 1991) Sujata Soni. 1991. Evolution of Stupas in Burma. Pagan Period: 11th to 13th centuries A.D. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd. Delhi.§REF§ This is 83 km2 or 8300 hectares. At Seshat standard of 50-200 inhabitants to hectare this would mean a population of 415,000-1,660,000.<br>\"No less than 4,446,733 pagodas are mentioned as having adorned the ancient metropolis of Pagan. The same source mentions that there were no less than 4,346,733 residential quarters.\" Someone described these numbers as a \"poetic effusion\".§REF§(Soni 1991, 5) Sujata Soni. 1991. Evolution of Stupas in Burma. Pagan Period: 11th to 13th centuries A.D. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Pvt. Ltd. Delhi.§REF§" }, { "id": 827, "polity": { "id": 308, "name": "bg_bulgaria_early", "long_name": "Bulgaria - Early", "start_year": 681, "end_year": 864 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>Pliska, peak population \"in the 900s.\" Before 800 CE perhaps not populated at all. Pliska comprised of an \"Outer Town\" and an \"Inner Town\".§REF§(Fiedler 2008, 188) Uwe Fiedler. Bulgars in the Lower Danube Region. Florin Curta. Roman Kovalev. Eds. 2008. The Other Europe in the Middle Ages. Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and Cumans. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§" }, { "id": 828, "polity": { "id": 312, "name": "bg_bulgaria_medieval", "long_name": "Bulgaria - Middle", "start_year": 865, "end_year": 1018 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>Pliska, peak population \"in the 900s.\" Before 800 CE perhaps not populated at all. Pliska comprised of an \"Outer Town\" and an \"Inner Town\".§REF§(Fiedler 2008, 188) Uwe Fiedler. Bulgars in the Lower Danube Region. Florin Curta. Roman Kovalev. Eds. 2008. The Other Europe in the Middle Ages. Avars, Bulgars, Khazars, and Cumans. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§" }, { "id": 829, "polity": { "id": 399, "name": "in_chaulukya_dyn", "long_name": "Chaulukya Dynasty", "start_year": 941, "end_year": 1245 }, "year_from": 1100, "year_to": 1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 500000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 500000, "comment": "Inhabitants. \"By the twelfth century, Patan had become a large town. The Kumarapala carita says that it had a population of 500,000, there were 84 marts and export-import duties were 100,000 tankas a day.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/FAX3XGR9\">[Sheikh 2003, p. 95]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 830, "polity": { "id": 715, "name": "tz_east_africa_ia_1", "long_name": "Early East Africa Iron Age", "start_year": 200, "end_year": 499 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": "Inhabitants. The following is worth noting here: \"[A]rchaeology[...] suggests these early communities probably consisted of dispersed networks of homesteads, rather than centralised societies (Reid 1994/5; Van Grunderbeek et al. 1983).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZBIZGHGA\">[Ashley 2010, p. 146]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 831, "polity": { "id": 716, "name": "tz_early_tana_1", "long_name": "Early Tana 1", "start_year": 500, "end_year": 749 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": "Inhabitants. 1600 at Unguja Ukuum but was it the largest settlement at the time? \"The comparatively large area, about 16 ha, occupied by the site as early as the second half of the first millennium ce, with its population having been estimated to be about 1,600 (Juma 2004: 65), reflects the high status of the site within the region.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/RUDF9R44\">[Juma_Wynne-Jones_LaViolette 2017]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 832, "polity": { "id": 717, "name": "tz_early_tana_2", "long_name": "Early Tana 2", "start_year": 750, "end_year": 999 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": "Inhabitants. 4900 at Unguja Ukuu, but was it the largest settlement? \"The site size estimates have provided indications that with the aid of ethno-archaeological data can be used to approximate populations for the primary occupations. In Period Ia, the site had a population of about 1600 adults and this expanded in Period Ib to about 4900 adult individuals.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/GGM3RG7F\">[Juma 2004]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 833, "polity": { "id": 429, "name": "mr_wagadu_1", "long_name": "Early Wagadu Empire", "start_year": 250, "end_year": 700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>Koumbi Saleh<br> \"occupied from the sixth to the eighteenth century AD and home to between 15,000 and 20,000 people when it was most densely inhabited.\"§REF§(Reader 1998, 280)§REF§ -- when was Koumbi Saleh most densely inhabited?<br>Kumbi Saleh developed from 250 CE. §REF§(Conrad 2010, 12)§REF§<br>\"Le royaume couvrait les villes de Bokounou, Ouagadou et de Kaarta.\" The kingdom covered the cities of Bokounou , Ouagadou and Kaarta§REF§(Kabore, P. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http://lewebpedagogique.com/patco/tag/ouagadou/\">http://lewebpedagogique.com/patco/tag/ouagadou/</a>)§REF§<br>Koumbi Saleh was a city in Ancient Ghana. \"excavations and aerial surveys have revealed the remains of a large town covering an area of about 250 hectares with stone buildings, some of them two storeys high, the ground floors of which appear to have been used as stores for merchandise. The houses were close together, the streets narrow; there was a mosque, and extensive cemeteries.\" §REF§(Reader 1998, 280)§REF§" }, { "id": 834, "polity": { "id": 407, "name": "in_kakatiya_dyn", "long_name": "Kakatiya Dynasty", "start_year": 1175, "end_year": 1324 }, "year_from": 1300, "year_to": 1300, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 83000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 83000, "comment": "Inhabitants. Population of Orugallu/Warangal. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/D55F2NG3\">[Chase-Dunn_Willard 0]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 835, "polity": { "id": 406, "name": "in_kalachuri_emp", "long_name": "Kalachuris of Kalyani", "start_year": 1157, "end_year": 1184 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 125000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 125000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. This is an estimate for Kalyani in 1150 CE §REF§Chase-Dunn spreadsheet (2001)§REF§, ten or so years before it was made capital of the Kalachuri Empire." }, { "id": 836, "polity": { "id": 273, "name": "uz_kangju", "long_name": "Kangju", "start_year": -150, "end_year": 350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>\"In Chinese sources Samarkand became identified as Kangju. According to archaeologists the city became less densely settled and houses were abandoned. This also applied to other settlements in Sogdiana and may indicate a decline in urbanization.\"§REF§(Frye and Litvinsky 1996, 462) Richard N Frye. Boris A Litvinsky. The Oasis states of Central Asia. J Herrmann. E Zurcher. eds. 1996. History of Humanity. Volume III. From the Seventh Century B.C. to the Seventh Century A.D. UNESCO.§REF§" }, { "id": 837, "polity": { "id": 298, "name": "ru_kazan_khanate", "long_name": "Kazan Khanate", "start_year": 1438, "end_year": 1552 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 20000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 20000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. Kazan.<br>\"Kazan, the sizeable capital, which had a population of about 20,000, was the centre of the Volga trade, and was inhabited by Tatar merchants, craftsmen, clergymen and scholars. The literature, historiography and architecture of the Kazan Tatars formed an outpost of Islamic civilization on the eastern fringe of Europe. While it is true that there was also a class of Tatar peasants, the majority of the rural population of the Khanate consisted of non-Tatars... Representatives of all four non-Tatar ethnic groups had to pay tribute, known as iasak, to the Khan. Members of the upper class were responsible for its collection. Otherwise they were left largely to their own devices, and lived in communities that were characterized by tribal and clan relationships and religious ideas of an animist kind.\"§REF§(Kappeler 2014, 25) Andreas Kappeler. Alfred Clayton trans. 2014. The Russian Empire: A Multi-ethnic History. Routledge. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 838, "polity": { "id": 241, "name": "ao_kongo_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Congo", "start_year": 1491, "end_year": 1568 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>\"the capital city of Mbanza Kongo and its surrounding area formed a great agricultural center already in 1491, and probably had ten times the population density of rural areas a century later. The slaves, many whom occupied estates around the capital, provided Kongo with both the wealth and the demographic resources to centralize.\"§REF§(Thornton 1998) John Thornton. 1998. Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400-1800. Second Edition. Cambridge University Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 839, "polity": { "id": 326, "name": "it_sicily_k_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties", "start_year": 1194, "end_year": 1281 }, "year_from": 1194, "year_to": 1194, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 300000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 300000, "comment": null, "description": "Palermo. §REF§(Curtis 1912, 420<a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://archive.org/stream/rogersicilyandn01curtgoog#page/n14/mode/2up\">[2]</a>)§REF§" }, { "id": 840, "polity": { "id": 53, "name": "pa_la_mula_sarigua", "long_name": "La Mula-Sarigua", "start_year": -1300, "end_year": 200 }, "year_from": -200, "year_to": -200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 900, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 900, "comment": "people. Most settlements in Central Panama before the 1st millennium CE were small, but La Mula-Sarigua was an exception with up to 900 people at 200 BCE. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6ERS93SR\">[Hoopes_Peregrine_Ember 2001, p. 101]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 841, "polity": { "id": 355, "name": "iq_lakhmid_k", "long_name": "Lakhmid Kigdom", "start_year": 400, "end_year": 611 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": "Inhabitants. al-Hira.", "description": null }, { "id": 842, "polity": { "id": 56, "name": "pa_cocle_3", "long_name": "Late Greater Coclé", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1515 }, "year_from": 1515, "year_to": 1515, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 1500, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 2000, "comment": "inhabitants. When the Spanish arrived in Central Panama (1515 CE), <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/555ASTE9\">[Haller 2004]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/G2ZTZUKM\">[Cooke_et_al 2013, p. 480]</a> they found a 'series of competing chiefdoms', the most powerful of which was located around the former cemetery of Sitio Conte and under the control of Chief Natá. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2CKBDD8E\">[Hearne_Hearne_Sharer 1992, p. 17]</a> Fernández de Oviedo, who arrived in Central America in 1514, reported that the community in which Chief Natá resided (also called Natá in some of the sources) included 45 to 50 houses. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/PZ6I2CRR\">[Drennan_Earle 1991, p. 275]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/PENG6QBC\">[Myers 2007, p. 139]</a> Archaeological work has shown that it covered c. 400 ha, leading Drennan to estimate a population of at least 2000. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/PZ6I2CRR\">[Drennan_Earle 1991, p. 275]</a> However, Creamer and Haas refer to Cooke's lower estimate of 1500 inhabitants. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QEWTS3ZB\">[Creamer_Haas 1985, p. 744]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 843, "polity": { "id": 257, "name": "cn_later_qin_dyn", "long_name": "Later Qin Kingdom", "start_year": 386, "end_year": 417 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>Under Yao Chang 5000 households were moved from Anding to Chang'an.§REF§Rachel Meakin. 2012? Annotated translation regarding the the Qiang state of the Later Qin. Jin Shu Chapter 116: Chronicles of Minor States, No. 16. Yao Yizhong, Yao Xiang, Yao Chang. www.qianghistory.co.uk.§REF§" }, { "id": 844, "polity": { "id": 215, "name": "sd_makuria_k_2", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom II", "start_year": 619, "end_year": 849 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>\"The Christian period was a time of rapid economic development in Nubia. The population of northern Nubia was about 50,000. The introduction of sakiya irrigation in the Ptolemaic and Roman periods had enlarged the area under cultivation by watering it between the abundant Nile floods of that time...\"§REF§(Michalowski 1990, 189) K Michalowski. The Spreading of Christianity in Nubia. Muḥammad Jamal al-Din Mokhtar. ed. 1990. UNESCO General History of Africa. Vol. II. Abridged Edition. James Currey. UNESCO. California.§REF§ Area being referred to is the less populous region of northern Nubia.<br>\"The fortifications of Dongola, first identified in 1990 are among the most massive and most extensive defense works in the entire Kingdom of Makuria. ... the most recent season of excavations has provided data for calculating the area of the settlement enclosed by these walls. It was found to measure some 57,000 sq. m\".§REF§(Godlewski 2004, 38) Wlodzimierz Godlewski. Christian Nubia, Studies 1996-2000. Mat Immerzeel. Jacques van der Vliet. eds. 2004. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. Coptic Studies on the Threshold of a New Millennium. II. Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Coptic Studies Leiden 2000. Peeters Publishers. Leuven.§REF§ 5.7 hectares within the fortifications of Dongola. Did the settlement extend beyond it?" }, { "id": 845, "polity": { "id": 219, "name": "sd_makuria_k_3", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom III", "start_year": 850, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>\"The fortifications of Dongola, first identified in 1990 are among the most massive and most extensive defense works in the entire Kingdom of Makuria. ... the most recent season of excavations has provided data for calculating the area of the settlement enclosed by these walls. It was found to measure some 57,000 sq. m\".§REF§(Godlewski 2004, 38) Wlodzimierz Godlewski. Christian Nubia, Studies 1996-2000. Mat Immerzeel. Jacques van der Vliet. eds. 2004. Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. Coptic Studies on the Threshold of a New Millennium. II. Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Coptic Studies Leiden 2000. Peeters Publishers. Leuven.§REF§ 5.7 hectares within the fortifications of Dongola. Did the settlement extend beyond it?<br>\"Table 3. Fortified sites of early(?) medieval date\"§REF§(Welsby 2002, 130) Derek A Welsby. 2002. The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia. Pagans, Christians and Muslims along the Middle Nile. The British Museum Press. London.§REF§<br> Kalabsha: ? ha<br> Sabaqura: 0.8ha<br> Ikhmindi: 1.1ha<br> Sheikh Daud: 0.7ha<br> Faras: 4.6ha<br> Old Dongola: 4.75ha<br> Bakhit: 2.7ha" }, { "id": 846, "polity": { "id": 383, "name": "my_malacca_sultanate", "long_name": "Malacca Sultanate", "start_year": 1396, "end_year": 1511 }, "year_from": 1500, "year_to": 1500, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 100000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>1400 CE a \"small fishing settlement\"<br> \"In both stories, Parameswara is said to have set himself up in Malacca around 1396 after fleeing from Singapore. There, with protection from China's Ming Dynasty, he expanded the small fishing settlement into the formidable Malacca Sultanate, which became the nucleus of development of the Malay Peninsula.\"§REF§(Koh and Ho 2009, 9) Jaime Koh. Stephanie Ho. 2009. Culture and Customs of Singapore and Malaysia. ABC-CLIO. Santa Barbara.§REF§<br>c1500 CE<br> \"Melaka then housed an urban population of 100,000, in which eighty different languages were spoken by Malays, Chinese, Arabs, Indians, and other ethnicities.\"§REF§(Stark 2015, 74) Miriam T Stark. Southeast Asian urbanism: from early city to Classical state. Norman Yoffee. ed. 2015. he Cambridge World History, Volume 3. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 847, "polity": { "id": 235, "name": "my_malacca_sultanate_22222", "long_name": "Malacca Sultanate", "start_year": 1270, "end_year": 1415 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. Probably Ifat, the capital.<br>Interior settlements that lined the caravan trade route from ports to highlands \"tended to cover and area less than 1,000 m2 and contained remains of houses built of wattle and daub.\"§REF§(Insoll 2003, 67) Timothy Insoll. 2003. The Archaeology of Islam in Sub-Saharan Africa. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 848, "polity": { "id": 209, "name": "ma_mauretania", "long_name": "Mauretania", "start_year": -125, "end_year": 44 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>\"The major city of eastern Mauretania was Iol, originally a Carthaginian outpost and later a royal seat of a native dynasty. Eventually, as Caesarea, it was the capital of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene.\"§REF§(Roller 2003 41) Duane W Roller. 2003. The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier. Routledge. New York.§REF§ \"Far to the west lay the traditional Mauretanian capital, Volubilis. More isolated and less known than Iol, in large part owing to its inland location, its origins are obscure but it was to become a major trading center, especially with Roman Spain, and the western royal city of the client monarchy.\"§REF§(Roller 2003 41-42) Duane W Roller. 2003. The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier. Routledge. New York.§REF§" }, { "id": 849, "polity": { "id": 52, "name": "pa_monagrillo", "long_name": "Monagrillo", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. John Hoopes commented that 'to date we only have hints of the forms of Monagrillo structures (tentative dwellings). At best, the Monagrillo people were incipient, \"early Neolithic\" villages (known as \"Early Formative\"), but we don't yet have data to confirm that they were living in settlements larger than hamlets.'§REF§John W. Hoopes 2017, pers. comm. to Jenny Reddish.§REF§" }, { "id": 850, "polity": { "id": 530, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_a", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Early Postclassic", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 4236, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 10590, "comment": "Inhabitants. This is the population estimate for the largest settlement in the valley at this time (in the Tlacolula subvalley). Although much reduced, Monte Albán was still a substantial settlement relative to other settlements during this period with a population estimate of 2774-5549 people. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JH54I6Q3\">[Kowalewski_et_al -1]</a> \"Table 11.3. Population in the largest centers, by phase, in Oaxaca and Ejutla.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 183]</a> Valley of Oaxaca population (Largest center in Oaxaca): Monte Alban V: 166467 (13831). <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 183]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 851, "polity": { "id": 531, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_b", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Late Postclassic", "start_year": 1101, "end_year": 1520 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 4236, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 10590, "comment": "Inhabitants. This is the population estimate for the largest settlement in the valley at this time (in the Tlacolula subvalley). Although much reduced, Monte Albán was still a substantial settlement relative to other settlements during this period with a population estimate of 2774-5549 people. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JH54I6Q3\">[Kowalewski_et_al -1]</a> \"Table 11.3. Population in the largest centers, by phase, in Oaxaca and Ejutla.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 183]</a> Valley of Oaxaca population (Largest center in Oaxaca): Monte Alban V: 166467 (13831). <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 183]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 852, "polity": { "id": 313, "name": "ru_novgorod_land", "long_name": "Novgorod Land", "start_year": 880, "end_year": 1240 }, "year_from": 1100, "year_to": 1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 15000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 15000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>\"the Novgorod Land was very little urbanized. Among all its cities, Novgorod itself clearly stood out. Excavations in Novgorod revealed large tracts of construction. This allows us (with a degree of reservation indeed, but more reliably than is usually the case with Russian cities) to estimate the size of its population in various periods of its history. Thus, in the mid-twelfth century, Novgorod's population was apparently about 15,000 people, and in the first half of the fourteenth century it was no greater than 25,000. ... According to estimates by the most authoritative researchers, in the eleventh to early twelfth centuries the populations of the largest trading centres on the Baltic, such as Szczecin and Wolin, were about 5,000 to 10,000 people. Thus, Novgorod was the largest settlement in the eastern Baltic as early as the twelfth century. Later, Novgorod, whose population may have grown to about 25,000 people, was comparable to Europe's major urban centres.\"§REF§Pavel V Lukin. Novgorod: trade, politics and mentalities in the time of independence. Wim Blockmans, Mikhail Krom, Justyna Wubs-Mrozewicz. ed. 2017. The Routledge Handbook of Maritime Trade around Europe 1300-1600: Commercial Networks and Urban Autonomy. Routledge.§REF§" }, { "id": 853, "polity": { "id": 206, "name": "dz_numidia", "long_name": "Numidia", "start_year": -220, "end_year": -46 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 50000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants. Likely to have been Cirta.<br>\"In 203 BC King Massinissa of Massyles defeted his rivals from Massaesyles to found Numidia, with its capital at Constantine (then called Cirta) and a population estimated at 100,000. This state eroded the highly tribalised nature of Berber society and attained a high degree of civilisation.\" §REF§(Stone 1997, 25) Martin Stone. 1997. The Agony of Algeria. Hurst & Company. London.§REF§<br>\"Masinissa's capital would appear to have grown into a real city (though the population of 200,000 attributed to it under Masinissa's son must be a gross exaggeration). The archaeology is not well known but its urban aspect will have been almost entirely Carthaginian\".§REF§(Mahjoubi and Salama 1981, 459-460) A Mahjoubi and P Salama. The Roman and post-Roman period in North Africa. G Mokhtar. ed. 1981. General History of Africa II. Ancient Civilizations of Africa. Heinemann. California.§REF§" }, { "id": 854, "polity": { "id": 542, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4_copy", "long_name": "Yemen - Ottoman period", "start_year": 1873, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": "Inhabitants. Reliable demographic information on the size of coastal towns in the Ottoman period still needs to be identified. he complex political situation comprising both Ottoman imperial authorities and Yemeni tribes adds further difficulty to this problem. Ottoman authority was felt strongly in some locations, but was marginal in others. The interplay between state authority and tribal forces leaves Yemen in an ambiguous position -while 'officially' a state, state control itself and the associated monopoly over the legitimate use of force were contested and at times ephemeral.", "description": null }, { "id": 855, "polity": { "id": 301, "name": "uz_shaybanid_k", "long_name": "Shaybanid Kingdom", "start_year": 1500, "end_year": 1598 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>\"Bukhara, and also Balkh, became center of cultural and social life.\"§REF§(Everett Jenkins 2000, 29) Everett Jenkins, Jr. 2000. The Muslim Diaspora (Volume 2, 1500-1799): A Comprehensive Chronology of the Spread of Islam in Asia, Africa, Europe and the Americas. McFarland.§REF§" }, { "id": 856, "polity": { "id": 237, "name": "ml_songhai_1", "long_name": "Songhai Empire", "start_year": 1376, "end_year": 1493 }, "year_from": 1492, "year_to": 1492, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 15000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 15000, "comment": "Inhabitants.<br>Gao. Timbuktu. Djenne.<br>Within the Mande-speaking heartland the basic building-block of government was the kafu, a community of anything from 1000 to 15,000 people living in or near a mud-walled town and ruled by a hereditary dynast called a fama.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DB9BAFGM\">[Oliver_Atmore 2001, p. 62]</a> Timbuktu probably didn't have more than 15,000 inhabitants by the end of Sonni Ali's reign. In 1580, at the end of Askia Daoud's reign, it had gone over the 70,000 inhabitants mark. \"Elle ne dépassait probablement guère 15 000 habitants à la fin du règne de Sonni Ali. En 1580, à la fin du règne d'Askia Daoud, elle était passée à plus de 70 000 habitants.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HWWEX34G\">[Niane 1975, p. 57]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 857, "polity": { "id": 380, "name": "th_sukhotai", "long_name": "Sukhotai", "start_year": 1238, "end_year": 1419 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>\"The ruler of Lan Na succeeded in capturing Sukhothai and removing its entire population to its capital of Chiang Mai in 1460.\"§REF§(Howard 2012, 200) Michael C Howard. 2012. Transnationalism in Ancient and Medieval Societies: The Role of Cross-Border Trade and Travel. McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers. Jefferson.§REF§ According to Akin Rabibhadana: \"One particular characteristic of the historical Southeast Asian mainland states was the lack of manpower. The need for manpower is well illustrated by events following each war between Thailand and her neighbours. The victorious side always carried off a large number of people from the conquered territory. Whole villages were often moved into the territory of the conqueror, where they were assimilated and became the population of the conqueror.\"§REF§(Vickery 2003, 5-6) Michael Vickery. Two Historical Records of the Kingdom of Vientiane. Christopher E Goscha and Soren Ivarsson. eds. 2003. Contesting Visions of the Lao Past: Laos Historiography at the Crossroads. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Press. Copenhagen.§REF§" }, { "id": 858, "polity": { "id": 271, "name": "ua_skythian_k_3", "long_name": "Third Scythian Kingdom", "start_year": -429, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 6600, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 8800, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>[1800-2400] at 150-200 per km2 for Kamyanka.<br> The earthwork of Kamyanka enclosed an area of 1,200 hectares.§REF§(Sulimirski 1985, 197) T Sulimirski. The Scyths. Ilya Gershevitch. ed. 1985. The Cambridge History of Iran. Volume 2. The Median and Achaemenian Periods. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>[6600-8800] at 150-200 per km2 for Gelonus.<br> The city of Gelonus (Belsk) was a strategic trading post \"situated on the exact boundary of the steppe and forest steppe\".§REF§(Beckwith 2009, 67) Christopher I Beckwith. 2009. Empires of the Silk Road. A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. Princeton.§REF§ Greek pottery dates from the 5th-4th century BCE.§REF§(Beckwith 2009, 68) Christopher I Beckwith. 2009. Empires of the Silk Road. A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. Princeton.§REF§ It was \"located at the northern edge of the steppe in the territory of the Budini, another of the many 'Scythian nations'\" was made entirely of wood and surrounded by a wooden wall. Inside were temples for Greek gods. According to Herodotus they \"honour Dionysus every two years with festivals and revels. For the Geloni are by their origin Greeks, who left their trading ports to settle among the Budini; and they speak a language half Greek and Scythian.\" The Budini spoke a different language and were nomads not agriculturalists like the Geloni.§REF§(Beckwith 2009, 67) Christopher I Beckwith. 2009. Empires of the Silk Road. A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. Princeton.§REF§ \"the earthwork at Belsk which, in fact, consisted of three earthworks forming a single defensive system encircled by common ramparts, [enclosed] an area of 4,400 hectares. The site represents a considerable trade and industrial centre built in the mid-6th century B.C.; it was in existence until the end of the 4th century B.C.\"§REF§(Sulimirski 1985, 187) T Sulimirski. The Scyths. Ilya Gershevitch. ed. 1985. The Cambridge History of Iran. Volume 2. The Median and Achaemenian Periods. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 859, "polity": { "id": 230, "name": "dz_tlemcen", "long_name": "Tlemcen", "start_year": 1235, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": 40000, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": 40000, "comment": null, "description": "Inhabitants.<br>In the mid-14th century Tlemcen had a population of about 40,000.§REF§(Hrbek 1984, 94) I Hrbek. The disintegration of political unity in the Maghrib. Djibril Tamsir Niane. ed. 1984. Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. UNESCO. Heinemann. California.§REF§ Author also provides a note of comparison with other cities in different polities: \"At approximately the same period, Fez and Tunis had about 100,000 inhabitants each and Marrakesh some 60,000. Cf. Y. Lacoste, 1966, p. 50.\"§REF§(Hrbek 1984, 94) I Hrbek. The disintegration of political unity in the Maghrib. Djibril Tamsir Niane. ed. 1984. Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. UNESCO. Heinemann. California.§REF§" }, { "id": 860, "polity": { "id": 240, "name": "ma_wattasid_dyn", "long_name": "Wattasid", "start_year": 1465, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Population_of_the_largest_settlement", "population_of_the_largest_settlement_from": null, "population_of_the_largest_settlement_to": null, "comment": "Inhabitants.<br>Not this polity (move later): \"About 1650 there are said to have been as many as 35,000 Christian slaves in Algiers out of a total population of perhaps 150,000.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/FE8SH26I\">[Barbour 1969, p. 100]</a>", "description": null } ] }