Polity Territory List
A viewset for viewing and editing Polity Territories.
GET /api/sc/polity-territories/?format=api&page=3
{ "count": 606, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/polity-territories/?format=api&page=4", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/polity-territories/?format=api&page=2", "results": [ { "id": 479, "polity": { "id": 198, "name": "eg_new_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period", "start_year": -1550, "end_year": -1293 }, "year_from": -1500, "year_to": -1451, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 650000, "polity_territory_to": 650000, "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://irows.ucr.edu/research/citemp/asa01/oct2k1.xls\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]</a>)§REF§<br>Thutmose I (c1530-1520 BCE) conquered the independent kingdom of Kush in northern Sudan. §REF§(Mokhtar 1981, 265)§REF§<br>Under Thutmose III (c1504-1450 BCE) Syria and Palestine first conquered 1470-1450 BCE, then lost 1380-1365 BCE. Mostly reclaimed between 1299-1232 BCE, under Ramses II. §REF§(Dupuy and Dupuy 2007, 5)§REF§<br>Ramses III (c1182-1151 BCE) Asiatic colonies conquered by Sea Peoples." }, { "id": 480, "polity": { "id": 198, "name": "eg_new_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period", "start_year": -1550, "end_year": -1293 }, "year_from": -1450, "year_to": -1351, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 900000, "polity_territory_to": 900000, "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://irows.ucr.edu/research/citemp/asa01/oct2k1.xls\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]</a>)§REF§<br>Thutmose I (c1530-1520 BCE) conquered the independent kingdom of Kush in northern Sudan. §REF§(Mokhtar 1981, 265)§REF§<br>Under Thutmose III (c1504-1450 BCE) Syria and Palestine first conquered 1470-1450 BCE, then lost 1380-1365 BCE. Mostly reclaimed between 1299-1232 BCE, under Ramses II. §REF§(Dupuy and Dupuy 2007, 5)§REF§<br>Ramses III (c1182-1151 BCE) Asiatic colonies conquered by Sea Peoples." }, { "id": 481, "polity": { "id": 198, "name": "eg_new_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period", "start_year": -1550, "end_year": -1293 }, "year_from": -1350, "year_to": -1294, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 1000000, "polity_territory_to": 1000000, "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://irows.ucr.edu/research/citemp/asa01/oct2k1.xls\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]</a>)§REF§<br>Thutmose I (c1530-1520 BCE) conquered the independent kingdom of Kush in northern Sudan. §REF§(Mokhtar 1981, 265)§REF§<br>Under Thutmose III (c1504-1450 BCE) Syria and Palestine first conquered 1470-1450 BCE, then lost 1380-1365 BCE. Mostly reclaimed between 1299-1232 BCE, under Ramses II. §REF§(Dupuy and Dupuy 2007, 5)§REF§<br>Ramses III (c1182-1151 BCE) Asiatic colonies conquered by Sea Peoples." }, { "id": 482, "polity": { "id": 516, "name": "eg_old_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2650, "end_year": -2350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 75000, "polity_territory_to": 350000, "comment": null, "description": " KM^2.<br>367,000: 2500 BCE §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§ Polity territory includes the Nile valley and delta plus partial control of surrounding desert regions. §REF§(Baines, John. Personal Communication to Jill Levine, Dan Hoyer, and Peter Turchin. April 2020. Email)§REF§<br>Inferred 75,000 km2 low estimate per John Baines' response to 100,000km2 as previous low estimate: \"I’d be inclined to give a lower estimate, just for Nile valley and delta, and say in words ‘plus partial control of surrounding desert regions’ or similar.\"§REF§(Baines, John. Personal Communication to Jill Levine, Dan Hoyer, and Peter Turchin. April 2020. Email)§REF§" }, { "id": 483, "polity": { "id": 517, "name": "eg_old_k_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Late Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2350, "end_year": -2150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 75000, "polity_territory_to": 300000, "comment": null, "description": " KM^2. 89,000: 2181 BCE §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§ 367,000: 2500 BCE §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>Inferred 75,000 km2 low estimate per John Baines' response to 100,000km2 as previous low estimate: \"I’d be inclined to give a lower estimate, just for Nile valley and delta, and say in words ‘plus partial control of surrounding desert regions’ or similar.\"§REF§(Baines, John. Personal Communication to Jill Levine, Dan Hoyer, and Peter Turchin. April 2020. Email)§REF§" }, { "id": 484, "polity": { "id": 109, "name": "eg_ptolemaic_k_1", "long_name": "Ptolemaic Kingdom I", "start_year": -305, "end_year": -217 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 1000000, "polity_territory_to": 1000000, "comment": null, "description": " 1,000,000: 300 BCE<br>Maximum territorial size reached ca. 280 BC of 1 million km2 (60,000 miles2 or 155, 340 km2 excluding the deserts. §REF§(estimation in Victor Ehrenberg, The Greek state. 2d ed. London 1969:144)§REF§<br>Maximum territorial size 1,000,000 km2 300 BCE. §REF§(Manning 2015, Personal Communication and his chapter in \"Oxford Handbook of economies in the classical world\")§REF§" }, { "id": 485, "polity": { "id": 207, "name": "eg_ptolemaic_k_2", "long_name": "Ptolemaic Kingdom II", "start_year": -217, "end_year": -30 }, "year_from": -200, "year_to": -200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 833000, "polity_territory_to": 833000, "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Chase-Dunn)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 486, "polity": { "id": 207, "name": "eg_ptolemaic_k_2", "long_name": "Ptolemaic Kingdom II", "start_year": -217, "end_year": -30 }, "year_from": -150, "year_to": -150, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 640000, "polity_territory_to": 640000, "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Chase-Dunn)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 487, "polity": { "id": 207, "name": "eg_ptolemaic_k_2", "long_name": "Ptolemaic Kingdom II", "start_year": -217, "end_year": -30 }, "year_from": -100, "year_to": -100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 373000, "polity_territory_to": 373000, "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Chase-Dunn)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 488, "polity": { "id": 207, "name": "eg_ptolemaic_k_2", "long_name": "Ptolemaic Kingdom II", "start_year": -217, "end_year": -30 }, "year_from": -50, "year_to": -50, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 107000, "polity_territory_to": 107000, "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Chase-Dunn)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 489, "polity": { "id": 518, "name": "eg_regions", "long_name": "Egypt - Period of the Regions", "start_year": -2150, "end_year": -2016 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 20000, "polity_territory_to": 40000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers<br>Estimate for Theban Kingdom that controlled a rectangle in Southern Egypt based around the Nile from Aswan to Thebes, or just a bit north.<br>\"... the Theban Kingdom occupied only a small, remote, and relatively unimportant part of Egypt as a whole ... Most of the country, during the First Intermediate Period, was in the hands of the Herakleopolitan successors to the ancient Memphite monarchy.\"§REF§(Seidlmayer 2003, 127)§REF§<br>\"A well known stela showing the king with a number of his dogs (Cairo CG 20512) is dated to year 50 of the king's reign (c.2053 BC), and indicates that at that time his southern boundary was at Elephantine (Aswan), and his northern in the tenth Upper Egyptian nome (north of Abydos).\" §REF§(Strudwick and Strudwick 1999, 24)§REF§" }, { "id": 490, "polity": { "id": 203, "name": "eg_saite", "long_name": "Egypt - Saite Period", "start_year": -664, "end_year": -525 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 300000, "polity_territory_to": 400000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers.<br>According to geacron Egypt in 600 BCE held the Sinai.§REF§geacron.com§REF§" }, { "id": 491, "polity": { "id": 520, "name": "eg_thebes_hyksos", "long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period", "start_year": -1720, "end_year": -1567 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 10000, "polity_territory_to": 20000, "comment": null, "description": " KM2.<br>Approximation of territory 16th Dynasty Egypt - in Upper Egypt.<br>\"The late Second Intermediate Period, the final stage of the Middle Bronze Age in Egypt, was associated with the decline of the Middle Kingdom state system and the emergence of a fragmentary political situation in which Egypt was ultimately dominated by two rival kingdoms, the Thebans (Dynasties 16-17) in Upper Egypt, and the Hyksos (Dynasty 15) in the Nile Delta.\"§REF§(Wegner 2015, 68) Wegner, Josef. 2015. A royal necropolis at South Abydos: New light on Egypt's Second Intermediate Period. Near Eastern archaeology. Volume 78. Issue 2. 68-78.§REF§ 1720-1567 BCE<br>\"If we accept the evidence in favour of Seneb-Kay and the seven other similar tombs representing an independent kingdom, the \"Abydos Dynasty,\" then we may plausibly suggest that this was a kingdom geographically flanked by a mosaic of potential political rivals. To the south lay the Theban kingdom ruled by the 16th Dynasty. To the north the Hyksos 15th Dynasty and a possible array of vassal rulers would have dominated the Nile Delta. At the beginning of this era the vestiges of the 13th Dynasty may have still controlled the area around the Middle Kingdom royal capital at Itj-Tawy, even after secession of Upper Egypt (Ilin-Tomich 2014).\"§REF§(Wegner 2015, 77) Wegner, Josef. 2015. A royal necropolis at South Abydos: New light on Egypt's Second Intermediate Period. Near Eastern archaeology. Volume 78. Issue 2. 68-78.§REF§<br>Hyksos held Upper Egypt only for a short time. §REF§(Hall 1928)§REF§ Manetho implied Hyksos initially held the entire country. Delta was the stronghold. Carnarvon Tablet I suggests territory as far as \"Middle Egypt\" toward end of 17th Dynasty. There are Hyksos monuments south of Middle Egypt but not much evidence for occupation this region. Cusae possibly southern limit, as suggested by Newberry. Southern granite was used in the Hyksos realm, but this could have come from trade. §REF§(Wilson and Allen 1939, 15-16)§REF§ Khian's name not found south of Gebelein (40 km south of Thebes). Khian's rule before 1620 BCE. §REF§(Hayes 1990, 6)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 492, "polity": { "id": 200, "name": "eg_thebes_libyan", "long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period", "start_year": -1069, "end_year": -747 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 190000, "polity_territory_to": 230000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers<br>Estimated area around that Delta that has control of Thebes and has influence as far south as Aswan.<br>21st Dynasty<br>\"control was divided between a line of kings in the north and a sequence of army commanders who held the post of high priest of Amun, at Thebes.\" §REF§(Taylor 2000, 325)§REF§" }, { "id": 493, "polity": { "id": 361, "name": "eg_thulunid_ikhshidid", "long_name": "Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period", "start_year": 868, "end_year": 969 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 800000, "polity_territory_to": 1000000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers<br>Ibn Tulun, the founder of the Tulunid Dynasty, annexed Syria. §REF§(Esposito 2004, 130) Esposito, J. 2004. The Oxford Dictionary of Islam. Oxford University Press.)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 494, "polity": { "id": 84, "name": "es_spanish_emp_1", "long_name": "Spanish Empire I", "start_year": 1516, "end_year": 1715 }, "year_from": 1640, "year_to": 1640, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 7100000, "polity_territory_to": 7100000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers §REF§(Taagepera 1997, 499) Taagepera, Rein. 1997. \"Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia.\" <i>International Studies Quarterly</i> 41(3): 475-504. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/5A6JA43D\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/5A6JA43D</a>§REF§§REF§(Taagepera 1997, 484) Taagepera, Rein. 1997. \"Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia.\" <i>International Studies Quarterly</i> 41(3): 475-504. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/5A6JA43D/\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/5A6JA43D/</a>§REF§<br>Estimates from Taagepera's graph in \"Expansion and Contraction Patterns of Large Polities: Context for Russia.\"<ul><li>1610 CE: 5,000,000 km2</li><li>1700 CE: 10,000,000 km2</li></ul><ul><li>1618-1697: Spanish conquest of Petén</li><li>1620-1622: Spanish conquest of the Palatinate</li><li>1626: Spanish expedition to Formosa</li><li>1633: Capture of Rheinfelden</li></ul>" }, { "id": 495, "polity": { "id": 208, "name": "et_aksum_emp_1", "long_name": "Axum I", "start_year": -149, "end_year": 349 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 300000, "polity_territory_to": 400000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers.<br>Kingdom of Aksum map on page 59 for 1st - 3rd CE and 4th - 6th CE periods.§REF§(Falola 2002, 59) Toyin Falola. 2002. Key Events in African History: A Reference Guide. Greenwood Publishing Group. Westport.§REF§<br>1st - 3rd CEMainland Africa: 351,881 km2<br>4th - 6th CEMainland Africa: 496,929 km2<br>South Arabia: 159,214 km2<br>Maximum: 656,143 km2<br>\"It will be argued that, in the course of the military campaigns described in Monumentum Adulitanum II, the Aksumite army pushed as far north as the southeastern frontier of Roman Egypt and as far west as the modern Sudanese-Ethiopian borderlands, Kush was left in peace.\"§REF§(Hatke 2013) George Hatke. 2013. Aksum and Nubia: Warfare, Commerce, and Political Fictions in Ancient Northeast Africa (Institute for the Study of the Ancient World). New York University Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 496, "polity": { "id": 57, "name": "fm_truk_1", "long_name": "Chuuk - Early Truk", "start_year": 1775, "end_year": 1886 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": null, "polity_territory_to": null, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers." }, { "id": 497, "polity": { "id": 58, "name": "fm_truk_2", "long_name": "Chuuk - Late Truk", "start_year": 1886, "end_year": 1948 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 127, "polity_territory_to": 127, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers The islands were united under a common government in the colonial period: 'The name Chuuk means “high mountains” in the Chuukese language, one of several Malayo-Polynesian languages that are used in the islands. The Chuuk Islands, which form part of the eastern Caroline Islands, are encircled by a barrier bank composed of some 85 sand and coral islets. The bank (often referred to as a reef) encloses a lagoon 822 square miles (2,129 square km) in area and has a diameter of some 40 miles (65 km). Chief islands of the group are Weno (formerly Moen), Tonoas, Fefan, Uman, Uatschaluk (Udot), and Tol. The islands were sighted by the Spanish explorer Álvaro Saavedra in 1528. They were visited occasionally by 19th-century traders and whalers and were included in the German purchase of parts of Micronesia from Spain (1899). Annexed by Japan (1914) and strongly fortified for World War II, the islands (known as the Truk Islands until 1990) were heavily attacked, bypassed, and blockaded by the Allies during the war. The sunken hulls of Japanese ships remain there, along with ruined weapons and fortifications on land. Together with the other islands in what are now the Federated States of Micronesia, the Chuuk group was part of the U.S.-administered United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands from 1947 to 1986.' §REF§<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.britannica.com/place/Chuuk-Islands\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.britannica.com/place/Chuuk-Islands</a>§REF§ The islands cover a land area of 127.2 square km: 'The high islands of the Chuuk group have mangrove swamps along their coasts, as well as rainforests in the central mountainous areas. The native people are Micronesians who fish, raise pigs and poultry, and grow taro, breadfruit, yams, and bananas. Copra is the chief cash crop. The islands are popular with scuba divers, who come to explore the lagoon’s shipwrecks, many of which have become foundations for new reef growth. The largest urban area is on Weno; the rest of the population resides mostly in traditional villages scattered around the islands. Chuuk has a commercial dock and an international airport, both located on Weno. Total land area 49.1 square miles (127.2 square km). Pop. (2010) 48,654.' §REF§<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.britannica.com/place/Chuuk-Islands\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.britannica.com/place/Chuuk-Islands</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 498, "polity": { "id": 460, "name": "fr_bourbon_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Bourbon", "start_year": 1589, "end_year": 1660 }, "year_from": 1600, "year_to": 1600, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 931000, "polity_territory_to": 931000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers.<br>931,000: 1600 CE; 2,600,000: 1650 CE §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 499, "polity": { "id": 460, "name": "fr_bourbon_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Bourbon", "start_year": 1589, "end_year": 1660 }, "year_from": 1650, "year_to": 1650, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 2600000, "polity_territory_to": 2600000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers.<br>931,000: 1600 CE; 2,600,000: 1650 CE §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 500, "polity": { "id": 461, "name": "fr_bourbon_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Bourbon", "start_year": 1660, "end_year": 1815 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 2000000, "polity_territory_to": 2500000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. 1723-1743 CE §REF§(Chartrand 1996)§REF§<br>France §REF§(Chase Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§588,000: 1550 CE931,000: 1600 CE2,600,000: 1650 CE3,100,000: 1680 CE2,500,000: 1700 CE1,000,000: 1750 CE[700,000-1,540,000]: 1750-1789 CE<br>" }, { "id": 501, "polity": { "id": 457, "name": "fr_capetian_k_1", "long_name": "Proto-French Kingdom", "start_year": 987, "end_year": 1150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 12000, "polity_territory_to": 18000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers.<br>Estimate of known Royal lands.<br>1137-1152 CE<br>In 1137 CE Louis VI acquired Aquitaine for Louis VII through an arranged marriage (which became part of the Kingdom on his accession?). Lost after divorce 1152 CE.§REF§(Bouchard 1995, 316)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 502, "polity": { "id": 458, "name": "fr_capetian_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Capetian", "start_year": 1150, "end_year": 1328 }, "year_from": 1150, "year_to": 1150, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 75000, "polity_territory_to": 75000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. §REF§(Turchin and Nefedov 2009, 113)§REF§<br>Territory of French Kingdom in Km2<br>1150 CE: 75,000<br>1200 CE: 80,000<br>1250 CE: 330,000<br>1300 CE: 350,000<br>" }, { "id": 503, "polity": { "id": 458, "name": "fr_capetian_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Capetian", "start_year": 1150, "end_year": 1328 }, "year_from": 1200, "year_to": 1200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 80000, "polity_territory_to": 80000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. §REF§(Turchin and Nefedov 2009, 113)§REF§<br>Territory of French Kingdom in Km2<br>1150 CE: 75,000<br>1200 CE: 80,000<br>1250 CE: 330,000<br>1300 CE: 350,000<br>" }, { "id": 504, "polity": { "id": 458, "name": "fr_capetian_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Capetian", "start_year": 1150, "end_year": 1328 }, "year_from": 1250, "year_to": 1250, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 330000, "polity_territory_to": 330000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. §REF§(Turchin and Nefedov 2009, 113)§REF§<br>Territory of French Kingdom in Km2<br>1150 CE: 75,000<br>1200 CE: 80,000<br>1250 CE: 330,000<br>1300 CE: 350,000<br>" }, { "id": 505, "polity": { "id": 458, "name": "fr_capetian_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Capetian", "start_year": 1150, "end_year": 1328 }, "year_from": 1300, "year_to": 1300, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 350000, "polity_territory_to": 350000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. §REF§(Turchin and Nefedov 2009, 113)§REF§<br>Territory of French Kingdom in Km2<br>1150 CE: 75,000<br>1200 CE: 80,000<br>1250 CE: 330,000<br>1300 CE: 350,000<br>" }, { "id": 506, "polity": { "id": 309, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_1", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire I", "start_year": 752, "end_year": 840 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 1100000, "polity_territory_to": 1100000, "comment": null, "description": " kilometers square<br>Lombardie774 + Duche Spanish March; 778 Bavaria 787 Papal States; 800 Saxony 777to797: 3 separate rebellions, if anything 777 Breton 770s DB will check Septomania (next to spanish marches) 759<br>The Alps is the border between Lombardia and Bavaria<br>" }, { "id": 507, "polity": { "id": 311, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire II", "start_year": 840, "end_year": 987 }, "year_from": 850, "year_to": 850, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 1200000, "polity_territory_to": 1200000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers.<br>950 CE: 675,000 KM2 (Kingdom in the region of Gaul)<br>900 CE: 800,000 (Kingdom in the region of Gaul)<br>850 CE: 1,200,000 (West, East Francia and Lotharingia)<br>These numbers are based on the maps at Geacon <a href=\"http://geacron.com/home-en/?&sid=GeaCron10372\">EXTERNAL_INLINE_LINK: http://geacron.com/home-en/?&sid=GeaCron10372 </a> worked out from number of pixels (which you can find from image editor if you take a screen cap of the maps at the same scale) Scale: 200 km. 1 pixel = 20 km2. 1.1 million km2 at maximum extent<br>" }, { "id": 508, "polity": { "id": 311, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire II", "start_year": 840, "end_year": 987 }, "year_from": 900, "year_to": 900, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 800000, "polity_territory_to": 800000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers.<br>950 CE: 675,000 KM2 (Kingdom in the region of Gaul)<br>900 CE: 800,000 (Kingdom in the region of Gaul)<br>850 CE: 1,200,000 (West, East Francia and Lotharingia)<br>These numbers are based on the maps at Geacon <a href=\"http://geacron.com/home-en/?&sid=GeaCron10372\">EXTERNAL_INLINE_LINK: http://geacron.com/home-en/?&sid=GeaCron10372 </a> worked out from number of pixels (which you can find from image editor if you take a screen cap of the maps at the same scale) Scale: 200 km. 1 pixel = 20 km2. 1.1 million km2 at maximum extent<br>" }, { "id": 509, "polity": { "id": 311, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire II", "start_year": 840, "end_year": 987 }, "year_from": 950, "year_to": 950, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 675000, "polity_territory_to": 675000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers.<br>950 CE: 675,000 KM2 (Kingdom in the region of Gaul)<br>900 CE: 800,000 (Kingdom in the region of Gaul)<br>850 CE: 1,200,000 (West, East Francia and Lotharingia)<br>These numbers are based on the maps at Geacon <a href=\"http://geacron.com/home-en/?&sid=GeaCron10372\">EXTERNAL_INLINE_LINK: http://geacron.com/home-en/?&sid=GeaCron10372 </a> worked out from number of pixels (which you can find from image editor if you take a screen cap of the maps at the same scale) Scale: 200 km. 1 pixel = 20 km2. 1.1 million km2 at maximum extent<br>" }, { "id": 510, "polity": { "id": 449, "name": "fr_hallstatt_a_b1", "long_name": "Hallstatt A-B1", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 750, "polity_territory_to": 1250, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers<br>Around 1000-900 BCE, politically independent polities in the northern alpine region (which includes central France §REF§(Brun 2007, 380)§REF§) had a radius of about 20 km, which gives an area of about 1,257 sq kilometers. §REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>§REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>2500-800 BCE (European Bronze Age) - this is earlier research from the same author. Since it is earlier research and the same author I defer to the more recent research. However, the upper limit is similar.<br>\"Each politically autonomous territory measured from 7 to 15 km in diameter during the whole period, except during periods of temporary expansion.\" §REF§(Brun 1995, 15)§REF§<br>\"The Wessex communities seem to have succeeded in organizing polities 1000 km2 in extent\" however \"Evidence of similar polities is very rare in Europe during the same period.\" §REF§(Brun 1995, 14)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 511, "polity": { "id": 450, "name": "fr_hallstatt_b2_3", "long_name": "Hallstatt B2-3", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 1500, "polity_territory_to": 2000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers<br>Around 900-700 BCE, politically independent polities in the northern alpine region (which includes central France §REF§(Brun 2007, 380)§REF§) had a radius of about 25 km, which gives an area of about 1,964 sq kilometers. §REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>§REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>Hallstatt B2/3-C(900-600 BC) -- these quotes reflects disagreement from same author. However, since it is an earlier publication will ignore and code the most recent research. In 1995 he does note that Wessex communities reached 1000 km2 in extent.<br>Territorial scale: \"The economic foundations put in place in the ninth and eighth centuries BC were ... incapable of supporting a political scale of integration greater than tens of square kilometers.\" §REF§(Brun 1995, 24)§REF§<br>2500-800 BCE (European Bronze Age)\"Each politically autonomous territory measured from 7 to 15 km in diameter during the whole period, except during periods of temporary expansion.\" §REF§(Brun 1995, 15)§REF§<br>\"The Wessex communities seem to have succeeded in organizing polities 1000 km2 in extent\" however \"Evidence of similar polities is very rare in Europe during the same period.\" §REF§(Brun 1995, 14)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 512, "polity": { "id": 451, "name": "fr_hallstatt_c", "long_name": "Hallstatt C", "start_year": -700, "end_year": -600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 2500, "polity_territory_to": 3000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers<br>Around 700-600 BCE, politically independent polities in the northern alpine region (which includes central France §REF§(Brun 2007, 380)§REF§) had a radius of about 30 km, which gives an area of about 2,827 sq kilometers. §REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>§REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 513, "polity": { "id": 452, "name": "fr_hallstatt_d", "long_name": "Hallstatt D", "start_year": -600, "end_year": -475 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 7000, "polity_territory_to": 8000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers Around 500 BCE, politically independent polities in the northern alpine region (which includes central France §REF§(Brun 2007, 380)§REF§) had a radius of about 50 km, which gives an area of about 7,854 sq kilometers. §REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>§REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>Territorial scale: \"The economic foundations put in place in the ninth and eighth centuries BC were ... incapable of supporting a political scale of integration greater than tens of square kilometers.\" §REF§(Brun 1995, 24)§REF§<br>\"The primacy of this site was short-lived, but by Hallstatt D2 Asperg and the Heuneburg had become centres of ‘complex chiefdoms.’ Within a 5- 10km radius of a central defended site is a cluster of rich burials, characterised by massive mounds, timber-lined graves, wagons, gold objects, bronze vessels, and imported Mediterranean goods.\" §REF§(Collis 1984, 82)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 514, "polity": { "id": 304, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_1", "long_name": "Early Merovingian", "start_year": 481, "end_year": 543 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 200000, "polity_territory_to": 300000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. 250,000: 511 CE. Total area divided by four regions.<br>Merovingian kingdoms was a quasi-polity in terms of territory that could be militarily controlled. This figure represents the average sized kingdom within the polity.Merovingian kingdoms was a quasi-polity in terms of population that could be militarily controlled. This figure represents the average sized kingdom within the polity.<br>Total area divided by 4 regions.<br>These figures are for the total area: 350,000: 481 CE; 600,000; 490 CE; 600,000: 500 CE; 1,000,000: 510 CE; 1,000,000: 520 CE; 1,000,000: 530 CE; 1,400,000: 540 CE; 1,400,000: 550 CE; 1,400,000: 560 CE<br>These numbers are based on the maps at Geacon <a href=\"http://geacron.com/home-en/?&sid=GeaCron10372\">EXTERNAL_INLINE_LINK: http://geacron.com/home-en/?&sid=GeaCron10372 </a> worked out from number of pixels (which you can find from image editor if you take a screen cap of the maps at the same scale) Scale: 200 km. 1 pixel = 20 km2. Figures rounded to memorable number (otherwise false precision).<br>Clovis victorious over Alamans c506 CE. Land annexed. §REF§(Wood 1994, 161)§REF§<br>511 CE Kingdom divided: new regions ruled from Rheims (Theuderic), Orleans (Choldomer), Paris (Childebert I) and Soissons (Clothar I). §REF§(Wood 1994, 50)§REF§<br>531 CE Thuringian Kingdom annexed by Theuderic and Clothat I.§REF§(Wood 1994, 50)§REF§<br>534 CE conquest of Burgundy §REF§(Wood 1994, 53-55)§REF§<br>536 CE received most of the Gothic territory in Provence. §REF§(Wood 1994, 33)§REF§<br>537 CE acquires Provence §REF§(Wood 1994, 54)§REF§<br>Clother sole monarch 558-561 CE. 561 CE Clother dies. Kingdom again divided. Paris (Charibert I)<br>Orleans (Guntram), Rheims (Sigibert I), Soissons (Chilperic I)§REF§(Wood 1994, 57)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 515, "polity": { "id": 456, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_3", "long_name": "Proto-Carolingian", "start_year": 687, "end_year": 751 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 250000, "polity_territory_to": 250000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Merovingian kingdoms was a quasi-polity in terms of territory that could be militarily controlled. This figure represents the average sized kingdom within the polity.<br>Total area divided by six regions.<br>This figure is for the total area: 1,400,000: 690-730 CE; 1,500,000: 740-750 CE<br>8th Century Alaman region independent again? §REF§(Wood 1994, 161)§REF§<br>These numbers are based on the maps at Geacon <a href=\"http://geacron.com/home-en/?&sid=GeaCron10372\">EXTERNAL_INLINE_LINK: http://geacron.com/home-en/?&sid=GeaCron10372 </a> worked out from number of pixels (which you can find from image editor if you take a screen cap of the maps at the same scale) Scale: 200 km. 1 pixel = 20 km2. Figures rounded to memorable number (otherwise false precision).<br>481 = 17,494px = 349,880 km2490 = 30,307px = 606,140 km2500 = 30,307px = 606,140 km2510 = 50,647px = 1,012,940 km2520 = 50,647px = 1,012,940 km2530 = 50,647px = 1,012,940 km2540 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2550 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2560 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2570 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2580 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2590 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2600 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2610 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2620 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2630 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2640 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2650 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2660 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2670 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2680 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2690 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2700 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2710 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2720 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2730 = 71,853px = 1,437,060 km2740 = 75,820px = 1,516,400 km2750 = 75,820px = 1,516,400 km2<br>" }, { "id": 516, "polity": { "id": 306, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Middle Merovingian", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 687 }, "year_from": 600, "year_to": 600, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 230000, "polity_territory_to": 230000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Merovingian kingdoms was a quasi-polity in terms of territory that could be militarily controlled. This figure represents the average sized kingdom within the polity.<br>Map: 600 CE <a href=\"http://www.robertsewell.ca/map600.jpg\">EXTERNAL_INLINE_LINK: http://www.robertsewell.ca/map600.jpg </a>. Total area divided by six regions.<br>This figure is for the total area: 1,400,000: 540-680 CE<br>These numbers are based on the maps at Geacon <a href=\"http://geacron.com/home-en/?&sid=GeaCron10372\">EXTERNAL_INLINE_LINK: http://geacron.com/home-en/?&sid=GeaCron10372 </a> worked out from number of pixels (which you can find from image editor if you take a screen cap of the maps at the same scale) Scale: 200 km. 1 pixel = 20 km2. Figures rounded to memorable number (otherwise false precision).<br>Merovingians claimed over-lordship in Southern England 550s CE. §REF§(Wood 1994, 176)§REF§" }, { "id": 517, "polity": { "id": 453, "name": "fr_la_tene_a_b1", "long_name": "La Tene A-B1", "start_year": -475, "end_year": -325 }, "year_from": -400, "year_to": -400, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 1250, "polity_territory_to": 1250, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers Around 400 BCE, politically independent polities in the northern alpine region (which includes central France §REF§(Brun 2007, 380)§REF§) had a radius of about 20 km, which gives an area of about 1,250 sq kilometers. §REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>§REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§" }, { "id": 518, "polity": { "id": 454, "name": "fr_la_tene_b2_c1", "long_name": "La Tene B2-C1", "start_year": -325, "end_year": -175 }, "year_from": -300, "year_to": -300, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 1250, "polity_territory_to": 1250, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers Around 300 and 200 BCE, politically independent polities in the northern alpine region (which includes central France §REF§(Brun 2007, 380)§REF§) had a radius of about 20 km, which gives an area of about 1,250 sq kilometers. §REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>§REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>\"the disruption of the south-north trade networks in the fourth-third centuries BC brought about a return to the scale of integration which had existed from the ninth BC onwards.\" §REF§(Brun 1995, 24)§REF§ <i>(\"The economic foundations put in place in the ninth and eighth centuries BC were ... incapable of supporting a political scale of integration greater than tens of square kilometers.\" §REF§(Brun 1995, 24)§REF§)</i>" }, { "id": 519, "polity": { "id": 454, "name": "fr_la_tene_b2_c1", "long_name": "La Tene B2-C1", "start_year": -325, "end_year": -175 }, "year_from": -200, "year_to": -200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 1250, "polity_territory_to": 1250, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers Around 300 and 200 BCE, politically independent polities in the northern alpine region (which includes central France §REF§(Brun 2007, 380)§REF§) had a radius of about 20 km, which gives an area of about 1,250 sq kilometers. §REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>§REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>\"the disruption of the south-north trade networks in the fourth-third centuries BC brought about a return to the scale of integration which had existed from the ninth BC onwards.\" §REF§(Brun 1995, 24)§REF§ <i>(\"The economic foundations put in place in the ninth and eighth centuries BC were ... incapable of supporting a political scale of integration greater than tens of square kilometers.\" §REF§(Brun 1995, 24)§REF§)</i>" }, { "id": 520, "polity": { "id": 455, "name": "fr_la_tene_c2_d", "long_name": "La Tene C2-D", "start_year": -175, "end_year": -27 }, "year_from": -100, "year_to": -100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 15000, "polity_territory_to": 15000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers Around 100 BCE, politically independent polities in the northern alpine region (which includes central France §REF§(Brun 2007, 380)§REF§) had a radius of about 70 km, which gives an area of about 15,394 sq kilometers. §REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>§REF§(Brun 2007, 381)§REF§<br>In Central Gaul, there were even bigger political units. They might have had 4 tiers, and a scale going over 20,000 sq kilometers. These political units are the ones that Caesar called civitates. \"En Gaule centrale, existaient des entités politiques plus vastes encore. Celles-ci semblent bien avoir possédé quatre niveaux d'intégration avec une échelle dépassant Ies 20 000 km2. Ces entités politiques sont celles que César a nommées civitates.\" §REF§(Brun 2007, 382)§REF§" }, { "id": 521, "polity": { "id": 333, "name": "fr_valois_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Valois", "start_year": 1328, "end_year": 1450 }, "year_from": 1350, "year_to": 1350, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 390000, "polity_territory_to": 390000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. §REF§(Turchin and Nefedov 2009, 113)§REF§<br>Territory of French Kingdom in Km2<br>1350 CE: 390,000<br>1400 CE: 390,000<br>1450 CE: 340,000<br>" }, { "id": 522, "polity": { "id": 333, "name": "fr_valois_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Valois", "start_year": 1328, "end_year": 1450 }, "year_from": 1400, "year_to": 1400, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 390000, "polity_territory_to": 390000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. §REF§(Turchin and Nefedov 2009, 113)§REF§<br>Territory of French Kingdom in Km2<br>1350 CE: 390,000<br>1400 CE: 390,000<br>1450 CE: 340,000<br>" }, { "id": 523, "polity": { "id": 333, "name": "fr_valois_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Valois", "start_year": 1328, "end_year": 1450 }, "year_from": 1450, "year_to": 1450, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 340000, "polity_territory_to": 340000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. §REF§(Turchin and Nefedov 2009, 113)§REF§<br>Territory of French Kingdom in Km2<br>1350 CE: 390,000<br>1400 CE: 390,000<br>1450 CE: 340,000<br>" }, { "id": 524, "polity": { "id": 459, "name": "fr_valois_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Valois", "start_year": 1450, "end_year": 1589 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 400000, "polity_territory_to": 500000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers.<br>425,000: 1461 CE; 460,000: 1483 CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 4)§REF§" }, { "id": 526, "polity": { "id": 786, "name": "gb_british_emp_2", "long_name": "British Empire II", "start_year": 1850, "end_year": 1968 }, "year_from": 1900, "year_to": 1900, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 30800000, "polity_territory_to": 30800000, "comment": null, "description": "in squared kilometers<br>1800 CE: Parliament approves legislation uniting Great Britain and Ireland as a single state.\"§REF§Kenneth J Panton. 2015. Historical Dictionary of the British Empire. Rowman & Littlefield. Lanham.§REF§1900 CE: 30.8 million km2 in 1901 §REF§Census of the British Empire, 1901: Report with Summary and Detailed Tables for the Several Colonies, &c. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1906.§REF§<br>In 1877? CE according to contemporary literature: Area: 8,754,793 square miles. Population: 284,110,693.§REF§(Bartholomew 1877, v) John Bartholomew. 1877. Atlas of the British empire throughout the world. George Philip and Son. London.§REF§ 22,674,810 km2.<br>\"Table of the British Possessions throughout the World, with their Population and Area in English Square Miles.\" Table has data for all of these locations: Europe (British Islands, Gibraltar, Heligoland, Malta and Gozo); Asia (India, including Depedent States, Celon, Andaman Islands, Straits Settlements, Aden, Hong Kong, Labuan Island, Perim Island); Africa (Gambia River, Sierra Leone, Gold Coast, Lagos, Cape Colony, Natal, Transvaal, Mauritius and Depedencies, Socotra, Ascension Island, St. Helena Island, Tristan d'Acunha); North America (Dominion of Canada, Newfoundland, British Honduras or Belize, West India Islands, Bermuda Islands); South America (British Guiana, Falkland Islands); Oceania (New South Wales, Victoria, Queensland, South Australia, Northern Territory, Western Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand and Chatham Islands, Fiji Islands).§REF§(Bartholomew 1877, vi) John Bartholomew. 1877. Atlas of the British empire throughout the world. George Philip and Son. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 527, "polity": { "id": 114, "name": "gh_ashanti_emp", "long_name": "Ashanti Empire", "start_year": 1701, "end_year": 1895 }, "year_from": 1874, "year_to": 1874, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 259000, "polity_territory_to": 259000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers Obeng claims this for the whole of the Ashanti Union at the time §REF§Obeng, J. Pashington 1996. \"Asante Catholicism: Religious and Cultural Reproduction Among the Akan of Ghana\", 20§REF§, which covered most of present-day Ghana and some neighbouring regions: 'At the height of its power the Asanteman, the Asante nation, dominated an area much the size of present-day Ghana, and the frontiers of the old kingdom approximated those of the modern republic. This is the area that, following Kwame Arhin, we have come to know as “Greater Asante” rather than “the Asante Empire.” [...] The Asante lacked cartographic skills, and Greater Asante had, therefore, to be “mentally mapped.” In 1817, T. E. Bowdich was the first to make a serious attempt to represent the extent of Greater Asante on paper and to locate what he called the “boundary of Ashantee authority.” In doing so, he drew heavily upon Asante perceptions of space.' §REF§Wilks, Ivor 1993. “Forests Of Gold: Essays On The Akan And The Kingdom Of Asante”, 189§REF§ Wilks' informants measured distance in travel time rather than geographical figures: 'Kumase, the capital, was the central point from which the great roads of Asante, the nkwantεmpon, radiated out. The day's journey, the kwansin, was the basic unit in terms of which distance from the capital was measured.' §REF§Wilks, Ivor 1993. “Forests Of Gold: Essays On The Akan And The Kingdom Of Asante”, 200§REF§ But McLeod provides an approximation: 'Looking back they recall how, until the last quarter of the nineteenth century, they controlled an ever-increasing area which at its peak stretched over 550 km into the interior and encompassed many distinctive groups and regions. Asante armies were powerful and well-organised, equipped with imported firearms scarcely available to poorer and more isolated northern groups.' §REF§McLeod, M. D. (Malcolm D.) 1981. “Asante”, 10§REF§ The Republic of Ghana today covers an area of almost 240,000 squared kilometers, the coastline being around 540km long. We can therefore accept Obeng's claim as a reasonable approximation." }, { "id": 528, "polity": { "id": 67, "name": "gr_crete_archaic", "long_name": "Archaic Crete", "start_year": -710, "end_year": -500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 167, "polity_territory_to": 167, "comment": null, "description": " Km2. In this period Crete was divided into regional city-states that controlled well-defined regions.§REF§Willetts, R. F. 1965. <i>Ancient Crete. A Social History</i>, London and Toronto, 56-75§REF§ §REF§Lembesi, A. 1987. \"Η Κρητών Πολιτεία,\" in Panagiotakis, N. (ed.), <i>Κρήτη: Ιστορία και Πολιτισμός</i>, Heraklion, 166-72.§REF§ 'For Crete, [Hansen and Nielsen] make a quick calculation: having said that there were 49 contemporary cities in Crete, and the island having 8200 km2, the average territory of a Cretan city was of 167km2'.§REF§(Coutsinas 2013) Nadia Coutsinas. 2013. \"The Establishment of the City-States of Eastern Crete from the Archaic to the Roman Period.\" <i>CHS Research Bulletin</i> 2 (1). <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hlnc.essay:CoutsinasN.The_Establishment_of_the_City-States_of_Eastern_Crete.2013\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hlnc.essay:CoutsinasN.The_Establishment_of_the_City-States_of_Eastern_Crete.2013</a>. Coutsinas is citing <i>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis</i> by Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).§REF§" }, { "id": 529, "polity": { "id": 68, "name": "gr_crete_classical", "long_name": "Classical Crete", "start_year": -500, "end_year": -323 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 210, "polity_territory_to": 240, "comment": null, "description": " Km2. In this period Crete was divided into regional city-states and state-confederations that controlled well-defined regions. There seem to have been about 35-40 city states, of which most survived up to the early 2nd century BCE, as is shown by the treaty signed by Eumenes II with 30 individual Cretan states in 183 BCE.§REF§Sanders, I. F. 1982. <i>Roman Crete. An Archaeological Survey and Gazetteer of Late Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine Crete</i>, Warminister, 11.§REF§ The area of the whole island is 8,336 square kilometres, yielding a range of c. 210-240 square kilometres if divided up into 35-40 polities." } ] }
