Polity Territory List
A viewset for viewing and editing Polity Territories.
GET /api/sc/polity-territories/?format=api&page=2
{ "count": 606, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/polity-territories/?format=api&page=3", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/polity-territories/?format=api", "results": [ { "id": 429, "polity": { "id": 261, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_1", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty I", "start_year": 617, "end_year": 763 }, "year_from": 720, "year_to": 720, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 5400000, "polity_territory_to": 5400000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains some interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 430, "polity": { "id": 261, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_1", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty I", "start_year": 617, "end_year": 763 }, "year_from": 730, "year_to": 730, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 5133000, "polity_territory_to": 5133000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains some interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 431, "polity": { "id": 261, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_1", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty I", "start_year": 617, "end_year": 763 }, "year_from": 740, "year_to": 740, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 4867000, "polity_territory_to": 4867000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains some interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 432, "polity": { "id": 261, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_1", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty I", "start_year": 617, "end_year": 763 }, "year_from": 750, "year_to": 750, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 4600000, "polity_territory_to": 4600000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains some interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 433, "polity": { "id": 261, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_1", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty I", "start_year": 617, "end_year": 763 }, "year_from": 760, "year_to": 760, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 4100000, "polity_territory_to": 4100000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains some interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 434, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 770, "year_to": 770, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 3600000, "polity_territory_to": 3600000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 435, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 780, "year_to": 780, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 3350000, "polity_territory_to": 3350000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 436, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 790, "year_to": 790, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 3100000, "polity_territory_to": 3100000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 437, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 800, "year_to": 800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 3243000, "polity_territory_to": 3243000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 438, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 810, "year_to": 810, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 3386000, "polity_territory_to": 3386000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 439, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 820, "year_to": 820, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 3529000, "polity_territory_to": 3529000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 440, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 830, "year_to": 830, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 3671000, "polity_territory_to": 3671000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 441, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 840, "year_to": 840, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 3814000, "polity_territory_to": 3814000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 442, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 850, "year_to": 850, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 3957000, "polity_territory_to": 3957000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 443, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 860, "year_to": 860, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 4100000, "polity_territory_to": 4100000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 444, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 870, "year_to": 870, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 3600000, "polity_territory_to": 3600000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 445, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 880, "year_to": 880, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 3100000, "polity_territory_to": 3100000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 446, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 890, "year_to": 890, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 2600000, "polity_territory_to": 2600000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 447, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 900, "year_to": 900, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 1500000, "polity_territory_to": 1500000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 448, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": 907, "year_to": 907, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 800000, "polity_territory_to": 800000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 449, "polity": { "id": 424, "name": "cn_wei_dyn_warring_states", "long_name": "Early Wei Dynasty", "start_year": -445, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 90000, "polity_territory_to": 90000, "comment": null, "description": " km^2 Reference?" }, { "id": 450, "polity": { "id": 251, "name": "cn_western_han_dyn", "long_name": "Western Han Empire", "start_year": -202, "end_year": 9 }, "year_from": -200, "year_to": -200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 2433000, "polity_territory_to": 2433000, "comment": null, "description": " KM. 2,433,000: 200 BCE; 2,100,000: 180 BCE; 2,643,000: 160 BCE; 3,186,000: 140 BCE; 3,729,000: 120 BCE; 4,567,000: 100 BCE; 5,700,000: 80 BCE; 5,900,000: 60 BCE; 5,783,000: 40 BCE; 5,350,000: 20 BCE; 4,917,000: 1 CE (in kilometers). Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>Beginning with a territory of approximately 1.5 million square kilometers.§REF§(Zhao 2015, 56) Zhao, Dingxin in Scheidel, Walter. ed. 2015. State Power in Ancient China and Rome. Oxford University Press.§REF§<br>\"The Han culture spread as far as Xinjiang, where Han wuzhu coins, bronze mirrors, and silk have frequently been discovered (fig. 8.36).\"§REF§(Chang, Xu, Allan and Lu 2005, 277) Chang, Kwang-chih. Xu, Pingfang. Allan, Sarah. Lu, Liancheng. 2005. The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective. Yale University Press.§REF§<br>\"In 108 B.C.E., Emperor Wu set up four prefectures - Zhenfan, Lintun, Xuantu, and Lelang - in the northeastern region. ... Emperor Wu also set up four jun in Hexi in northwest China and established relationships with the thirty-six states in the Xiyu region of western China.\"§REF§(Chang, Xu, Allan and Lu 2005, 277) Chang, Kwang-chih. Xu, Pingfang. Allan, Sarah. Lu, Liancheng. 2005. The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective. Yale University Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 451, "polity": { "id": 251, "name": "cn_western_han_dyn", "long_name": "Western Han Empire", "start_year": -202, "end_year": 9 }, "year_from": -100, "year_to": -100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 4567000, "polity_territory_to": 4567000, "comment": null, "description": " KM. 2,433,000: 200 BCE; 2,100,000: 180 BCE; 2,643,000: 160 BCE; 3,186,000: 140 BCE; 3,729,000: 120 BCE; 4,567,000: 100 BCE; 5,700,000: 80 BCE; 5,900,000: 60 BCE; 5,783,000: 40 BCE; 5,350,000: 20 BCE; 4,917,000: 1 CE (in kilometers). Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>Beginning with a territory of approximately 1.5 million square kilometers.§REF§(Zhao 2015, 56) Zhao, Dingxin in Scheidel, Walter. ed. 2015. State Power in Ancient China and Rome. Oxford University Press.§REF§<br>\"The Han culture spread as far as Xinjiang, where Han wuzhu coins, bronze mirrors, and silk have frequently been discovered (fig. 8.36).\"§REF§(Chang, Xu, Allan and Lu 2005, 277) Chang, Kwang-chih. Xu, Pingfang. Allan, Sarah. Lu, Liancheng. 2005. The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective. Yale University Press.§REF§<br>\"In 108 B.C.E., Emperor Wu set up four prefectures - Zhenfan, Lintun, Xuantu, and Lelang - in the northeastern region. ... Emperor Wu also set up four jun in Hexi in northwest China and established relationships with the thirty-six states in the Xiyu region of western China.\"§REF§(Chang, Xu, Allan and Lu 2005, 277) Chang, Kwang-chih. Xu, Pingfang. Allan, Sarah. Lu, Liancheng. 2005. The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective. Yale University Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 452, "polity": { "id": 251, "name": "cn_western_han_dyn", "long_name": "Western Han Empire", "start_year": -202, "end_year": 9 }, "year_from": 1, "year_to": 1, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 4917000, "polity_territory_to": 4917000, "comment": null, "description": " KM. 2,433,000: 200 BCE; 2,100,000: 180 BCE; 2,643,000: 160 BCE; 3,186,000: 140 BCE; 3,729,000: 120 BCE; 4,567,000: 100 BCE; 5,700,000: 80 BCE; 5,900,000: 60 BCE; 5,783,000: 40 BCE; 5,350,000: 20 BCE; 4,917,000: 1 CE (in kilometers). Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>Beginning with a territory of approximately 1.5 million square kilometers.§REF§(Zhao 2015, 56) Zhao, Dingxin in Scheidel, Walter. ed. 2015. State Power in Ancient China and Rome. Oxford University Press.§REF§<br>\"The Han culture spread as far as Xinjiang, where Han wuzhu coins, bronze mirrors, and silk have frequently been discovered (fig. 8.36).\"§REF§(Chang, Xu, Allan and Lu 2005, 277) Chang, Kwang-chih. Xu, Pingfang. Allan, Sarah. Lu, Liancheng. 2005. The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective. Yale University Press.§REF§<br>\"In 108 B.C.E., Emperor Wu set up four prefectures - Zhenfan, Lintun, Xuantu, and Lelang - in the northeastern region. ... Emperor Wu also set up four jun in Hexi in northwest China and established relationships with the thirty-six states in the Xiyu region of western China.\"§REF§(Chang, Xu, Allan and Lu 2005, 277) Chang, Kwang-chih. Xu, Pingfang. Allan, Sarah. Lu, Liancheng. 2005. The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective. Yale University Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 453, "polity": { "id": 244, "name": "cn_western_zhou_dyn", "long_name": "Western Zhou", "start_year": -1122, "end_year": -771 }, "year_from": -1100, "year_to": -1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 850000, "polity_territory_to": 850000, "comment": null, "description": " KM2.<br>850,000: 1100 BCE; 850,000: 1000 BCE; 850,000: 900 BCE; 850,000: 800 BCE<br>850,000: 957 BCE. Peak territorial extent King Zhao of Zhou c955-977 BCE. Western Zhou controlled central plains of China and reached its limit of control to the south. The figure reflects the extent of the typical map of the Western Zhou.<br>\"... little of no evidence of any sustained Zhou occupation of the Yangzi River valley.\"§REF§(Shaughnessy 1999, 319) Shaughnessy \"Western Zhou History\" in Loewe, Michael. Shaughnessy, Edward L. 2009. The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC. Cambridge University Press.§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 454, "polity": { "id": 244, "name": "cn_western_zhou_dyn", "long_name": "Western Zhou", "start_year": -1122, "end_year": -771 }, "year_from": -1000, "year_to": -1000, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 850000, "polity_territory_to": 850000, "comment": null, "description": " KM2.<br>850,000: 1100 BCE; 850,000: 1000 BCE; 850,000: 900 BCE; 850,000: 800 BCE<br>850,000: 957 BCE. Peak territorial extent King Zhao of Zhou c955-977 BCE. Western Zhou controlled central plains of China and reached its limit of control to the south. The figure reflects the extent of the typical map of the Western Zhou.<br>\"... little of no evidence of any sustained Zhou occupation of the Yangzi River valley.\"§REF§(Shaughnessy 1999, 319) Shaughnessy \"Western Zhou History\" in Loewe, Michael. Shaughnessy, Edward L. 2009. The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC. Cambridge University Press.§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 455, "polity": { "id": 244, "name": "cn_western_zhou_dyn", "long_name": "Western Zhou", "start_year": -1122, "end_year": -771 }, "year_from": -900, "year_to": -900, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 850000, "polity_territory_to": 850000, "comment": null, "description": " KM2.<br>850,000: 1100 BCE; 850,000: 1000 BCE; 850,000: 900 BCE; 850,000: 800 BCE<br>850,000: 957 BCE. Peak territorial extent King Zhao of Zhou c955-977 BCE. Western Zhou controlled central plains of China and reached its limit of control to the south. The figure reflects the extent of the typical map of the Western Zhou.<br>\"... little of no evidence of any sustained Zhou occupation of the Yangzi River valley.\"§REF§(Shaughnessy 1999, 319) Shaughnessy \"Western Zhou History\" in Loewe, Michael. Shaughnessy, Edward L. 2009. The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC. Cambridge University Press.§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 456, "polity": { "id": 244, "name": "cn_western_zhou_dyn", "long_name": "Western Zhou", "start_year": -1122, "end_year": -771 }, "year_from": -800, "year_to": -800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 850000, "polity_territory_to": 850000, "comment": null, "description": " KM2.<br>850,000: 1100 BCE; 850,000: 1000 BCE; 850,000: 900 BCE; 850,000: 800 BCE<br>850,000: 957 BCE. Peak territorial extent King Zhao of Zhou c955-977 BCE. Western Zhou controlled central plains of China and reached its limit of control to the south. The figure reflects the extent of the typical map of the Western Zhou.<br>\"... little of no evidence of any sustained Zhou occupation of the Yangzi River valley.\"§REF§(Shaughnessy 1999, 319) Shaughnessy \"Western Zhou History\" in Loewe, Michael. Shaughnessy, Edward L. 2009. The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC. Cambridge University Press.§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 457, "polity": { "id": 268, "name": "cn_yuan_dyn", "long_name": "Great Yuan", "start_year": 1271, "end_year": 1368 }, "year_from": 1300, "year_to": 1300, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 24000000, "polity_territory_to": 11000000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. 21,000,000: 1271 CE; 22,000,000: 1280 CE; 23,500,000: 1290 CE; 24,000,000: 1309 CE; 11,000,000: 1310 CE; 10,750,000: 1320 CE; 10,500,000: 1330 CE; 10,250,000: 1340 CE; 10,000,000: 1350 CE; 7,500,000: 1360 CE. Also: 5,000,000: 1369 CE; 3,667,000: 1380 CE; 2,333,000: 1390 CE; 1,000,000: 1400 CE.<br>Contains interpolated data. §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 458, "polity": { "id": 436, "name": "co_tairona", "long_name": "Tairona", "start_year": 1050, "end_year": 1524 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 150, "polity_territory_to": 150, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers. Typical size of one independent Tairona polity estimated for the Upper Buritaca region on the basis of this: \"Later work in Ciudad Perdida and the Upper Buritaca river basin supports this argument, since Ciudad Perdida is connected by flagstoned paths to at least twenty five other sites of varying sizes within a seven kilometer radius (Soto 1988).\" §REF§(Giraldo 2010, 54)§REF§ This would give us an area of about 150 sq km.<br>NGA Territory (all Tairona polities): between 3000 and 6,420 sq km. 6,420 is an estimate calculated using Google Area calculator and the above map §REF§(Giraldo 2014)§REF§<br>\"Not surprisingly, prehispanic societies took advantage of this river and its resources, including the Muisca, Tierradentro, San Agustin/ Alto Magdalena, and Tairona chiefdoms of Colombia. In general, these chiefdoms exhibited two-tier settlement systems, composed of multiple primary centers with associated second-level communities. Based on current evidence, these primary centers shared cultural styles but retained political independence; for example, there was no single “capital” of the Muisca, Tierradentro, San Agustin/Alto Magdalena, or Tairona chiefdoms. Further, these individual chiefdoms were relatively small, sometimes less than 100 km (60 miles) across, forming a complex political mosaic in Colombia.\" §REF§(Moore 2014, 386)§REF§<br>\" These little known polities and their predecessors actively modified the landscape of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia from A.D. 200 until their disappearance around A.D. 1600 at the hands of disease, displacement, and war. In this time however, they built extensive networks of flagstone-paved roads and trails, irrigation and water channeling systems, terraced agricultural fields, and large stone masonry towns over a mountainous area comprising more than three thousand square kilometers, nine different biomes, and altitudes ranging from sea level to 3000 meters elevation.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2010, 1)§REF§<br>\"By 1498, when Spanish explorer Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo anchored in the Bay of Santa Marta to trade steel axes for gold, more than two hundred and fifty Tairona villages and towns with stone masonry and rammed earth architecture could be found throughout the Sierra, from the shore line to altitudes above 2500 meters, covering an area of approximately five thousand square kilometers.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2009, 14)§REF§" }, { "id": 459, "polity": { "id": 196, "name": "ec_shuar_1", "long_name": "Shuar - Colonial", "start_year": 1534, "end_year": 1830 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 16, "polity_territory_to": 16, "comment": null, "description": " km2. An estimate of 16 km2, calculated on the basis that villages were typically 4 km apart. §REF§Beierle, John: eHRAF Cultural Summary for the Jivaro§REF§ The Spanish subjected parts of the Shuar population, but were unable to maintain control over Shuar territory as a whole: 'The first reported white penetration of Jivaro territory was made in 1549 by a Spanish expedition under Hernando de Benavente. Later expeditions of colonists and soldiers soon followed. These newcomers traded with the Jivaro, made peace pacts with them, and soon began to exploit the gold found in alluvial or glacial deposits in the region. Eventually the Spaniards were able to obtain the co-operation of some of the Indians in working the gold deposits, but others remained hostile, killing many of the colonists and soldiers at every opportunity. Under the subjection of the Spaniards, the Jivaro were required to pay tribute in gold dust; a demand that increased yearly. Finally, in 1599, the Jivaro rebelled en masse, killing many thousands of Spaniards in the process and driving them from the region. After 1599, until nearly the middle of the nineteenth century, Jivaro-European relations remained intermittent and mostly hostile. A few missionary and military expeditions entered the region from the Andean highlands, but these frequently ended in disaster and no permanent colonization ever resulted. One of the few \"friendly\" gestures reported for the tribe during this time occurred in 1767, when they gave a Spanish missionizing expedition \"gifts\", which included the skulls of Spaniards who had apparently been killed earlier by the Jivaro (Harner, 1953: 26). Thus it seems that the Jivaros are the only tribe known to have successfully revolted against the Spanish Empire and to have been able to thwart all subsequent attempts by the Spaniards to conquer them. They have withstood armies of gold seeking Inkas as well as Spaniards, and defied the bravado of the early conquistadors.' §REF§Beierle, John: eHRAF Cultural Summary for the Jivaro§REF§ The gradual 'fraying out' of colonial control from 'frontier' to 'interior' communities makes the drawing of clear territorial and demographic boundaries more difficult: 'Much of the trade of the Jivaro is between the \"interior\", relatively isolated groups (particularly the Achuara) and those \"frontier\" groups living in close proximity to Ecuadorian settlements where they have easy access to Western industrialized products. Through a series of neighborhood-to-neighborhood relays by native trading partners (AMIGRI) these products were passed from the frontier Jivaro into the most remote parts of the tribal territory. Thus the interior Jivaro were supplied with steel cutting tools, firearms and ammunition without having to come into contact with the population of European ancestry. In exchange the frontier Jivaro, whose supply of local game was nearly exhausted, obtained hides, feathers and bird skins (used for ornaments), which were not readily available in their own territory.' §REF§Beierle, John: eHRAF Cultural Summary for the Jivaro§REF§ As indicated above, the Shuar political system was decentralized and fragmented, given the persistence of autonomous communities and ad hoc alliances in warfare. We therefore cannot confidently provide proxy measures." }, { "id": 460, "polity": { "id": 367, "name": "eg_ayyubid_sultanate", "long_name": "Ayyubid Sultanate", "start_year": 1171, "end_year": 1250 }, "year_from": 1200, "year_to": 1200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 1500000, "polity_territory_to": 1690000, "comment": null, "description": " KM2. 650,000: 1171 CE; 1,500,000: 1193 CE; 1,690,000: 1210 CE; 1,670,000: 1230 CE; 1,650,000: 1250 CE §REF§(Chase-Dunn Spreadsheet))§REF§" }, { "id": 461, "polity": { "id": 514, "name": "eg_dynasty_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty I", "start_year": -3100, "end_year": -2900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 50000, "polity_territory_to": 110000, "comment": null, "description": "1st Dynasty controlled \"much of the Nile Valley from the Delta to the first cataract at Aswan.\" §REF§(Bard 2000, 63)§REF§<br>This works out as 44,717.85 (close borders/little control of surrounding steppe/desert) to 115,102.67 (borders further out from the Nile). Estimated using Google area calculator.<br>50,000: 3100 BCE; 75,000: 3050 BCE; 100,000: 3000 BCE; 100,000: 2950 BCE; 100,000: 2900 BCE §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>This includes only habitable area. we will have another that includes the desert (John Baines)JGM: We should bring up, somewhere, theories on the rise of the first state in Egypt in relations to the oases, western desert. Lots of archaeology has occurred, and there is a clear relationship between the desert hinterlands in southern Egypt and the rise of the state in the Nile valley." }, { "id": 462, "polity": { "id": 515, "name": "eg_dynasty_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty II", "start_year": -2900, "end_year": -2687 }, "year_from": -2900, "year_to": -2801, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 100000, "polity_territory_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": " 100,000: 2900 BCE; 250,000: 2850 BCE; 267,000: 2800 BCE; 283,000: 2750 BCE; 300,000: 2700 BCE; 317,000: 2650 BCE §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>This includes only habitable area. we will have another that includes the desert (John Baines)JGM: We should bring up, somewhere, theories on the rise of the first state in Egypt in relations to the oases, western desert. Lots of archaeology has occurred, and there is a clear relationship between the desert hinterlands in southern Egypt and the rise of the state in the Nile valley.<br>" }, { "id": 463, "polity": { "id": 515, "name": "eg_dynasty_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty II", "start_year": -2900, "end_year": -2687 }, "year_from": -2800, "year_to": -2701, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 267000, "polity_territory_to": 267000, "comment": null, "description": " 100,000: 2900 BCE; 250,000: 2850 BCE; 267,000: 2800 BCE; 283,000: 2750 BCE; 300,000: 2700 BCE; 317,000: 2650 BCE §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>This includes only habitable area. we will have another that includes the desert (John Baines)JGM: We should bring up, somewhere, theories on the rise of the first state in Egypt in relations to the oases, western desert. Lots of archaeology has occurred, and there is a clear relationship between the desert hinterlands in southern Egypt and the rise of the state in the Nile valley.<br>" }, { "id": 464, "polity": { "id": 515, "name": "eg_dynasty_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty II", "start_year": -2900, "end_year": -2687 }, "year_from": -2700, "year_to": -2687, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 300000, "polity_territory_to": 300000, "comment": null, "description": " 100,000: 2900 BCE; 250,000: 2850 BCE; 267,000: 2800 BCE; 283,000: 2750 BCE; 300,000: 2700 BCE; 317,000: 2650 BCE §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>This includes only habitable area. we will have another that includes the desert (John Baines)JGM: We should bring up, somewhere, theories on the rise of the first state in Egypt in relations to the oases, western desert. Lots of archaeology has occurred, and there is a clear relationship between the desert hinterlands in southern Egypt and the rise of the state in the Nile valley.<br>" }, { "id": 465, "polity": { "id": 205, "name": "eg_inter_occupation", "long_name": "Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period", "start_year": -404, "end_year": -342 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 500000, "polity_territory_to": 600000, "comment": null, "description": " in squared kilometers<br>According to geacron map, Egypt in 400 BCE extended into Libya.§REF§geacron.com§REF§<br>Amyrtaeus's control reached as far South as Aswan in 400 BCE, and his rule was accepted by the Jewish community at Elephantine. §REF§(Grimal 1994, 371)§REF§" }, { "id": 466, "polity": { "id": 232, "name": "eg_mamluk_sultanate_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I", "start_year": 1260, "end_year": 1348 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 2100000, "polity_territory_to": 2100000, "comment": null, "description": " KM2. §REF§(Turchin, Adams and Hall, 2006)§REF§" }, { "id": 467, "polity": { "id": 239, "name": "eg_mamluk_sultanate_3", "long_name": "Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III", "start_year": 1412, "end_year": 1517 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 2100000, "polity_territory_to": 2100000, "comment": null, "description": " KM2. §REF§(Turchin, Adams and Hall, 2006)§REF§" }, { "id": 468, "polity": { "id": 236, "name": "eg_mamluk_sultanate_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II", "start_year": 1348, "end_year": 1412 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 2100000, "polity_territory_to": 2100000, "comment": null, "description": " KM2. §REF§(Turchin, Adams and Hall, 2006)§REF§" }, { "id": 469, "polity": { "id": 519, "name": "eg_middle_k", "long_name": "Egypt - Middle Kingdom", "start_year": -2016, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": -2000, "year_to": -2000, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 238000, "polity_territory_to": 238000, "comment": null, "description": "§REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§ Senusret III, 1878-1843 BCE, fixed Egypt's southern border above the second cataract of the Nile. §REF§(<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/history12-17.htm#amenemheti\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/history12-17.htm#amenemheti</a>)§REF§<br>257,000: 1700 BCE<br>Annexed part of Nubia directly south of Egypt. §REF§(Garcia ed. 2013, 435)§REF§" }, { "id": 470, "polity": { "id": 519, "name": "eg_middle_k", "long_name": "Egypt - Middle Kingdom", "start_year": -2016, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": -1900, "year_to": -1900, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 413000, "polity_territory_to": 413000, "comment": null, "description": "§REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§ Senusret III, 1878-1843 BCE, fixed Egypt's southern border above the second cataract of the Nile. §REF§(<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/history12-17.htm#amenemheti\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/history12-17.htm#amenemheti</a>)§REF§<br>257,000: 1700 BCE<br>Annexed part of Nubia directly south of Egypt. §REF§(Garcia ed. 2013, 435)§REF§" }, { "id": 471, "polity": { "id": 519, "name": "eg_middle_k", "long_name": "Egypt - Middle Kingdom", "start_year": -2016, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": -1800, "year_to": -1800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 450000, "polity_territory_to": 450000, "comment": null, "description": "§REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§ Senusret III, 1878-1843 BCE, fixed Egypt's southern border above the second cataract of the Nile. §REF§(<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/history12-17.htm#amenemheti\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/history12-17.htm#amenemheti</a>)§REF§<br>257,000: 1700 BCE<br>Annexed part of Nubia directly south of Egypt. §REF§(Garcia ed. 2013, 435)§REF§" }, { "id": 472, "polity": { "id": 511, "name": "eg_naqada_1", "long_name": "Naqada I", "start_year": -3800, "end_year": -3550 }, "year_from": -3800, "year_to": -3800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 5, "polity_territory_to": 20, "comment": null, "description": " KM2. AD: estimate for 3800 BCE has been changed to 5-20 square kilometers to reflect the territory that could have been controlled by a village for agricultural/foraging purposes. Considering that Hierakonpolis covered at least 7.5km2 the range should allow for variations.<br>Upper Egypt is the core territory of Naqada culture.<br>This describes a 7.5km2, 750ha site if taken as a square<br>In the Naqada I period Hierakonpolis occupation \"stretched for over 2.5 kilometers along the edge of the desert and back almost 3 kilometers into the great wadi that bisects the site\"§REF§Friedman, R. 2011. \"Hierakonpolis\". [in:] Before the Pyramids. The Orygin of Egyptian Cyvilization. Teeter, E.[ed.]. Chicago: The Oriental Instytute of the University of Chicago. pg: 34.§REF§<br>Naqada I: A few thousand meters-3 ha §REF§Ciałowicz, K. M. 1999. Początki cywilizacji egipskiej. Warszawa-Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. pg: 110§REF§; Naqada II-III: uncoded quasi-polities<br>At the end of Naqada I the villages started to united, first creating chiefdoms/nome pre-states and in the Naqada III or even in the end of Naqada II - proto-states. The size of those polities varied and changed during the process of state formation. That remains uncoded.<br>" }, { "id": 473, "polity": { "id": 511, "name": "eg_naqada_1", "long_name": "Naqada I", "start_year": -3800, "end_year": -3550 }, "year_from": -3700, "year_to": -3600, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 5000, "polity_territory_to": 7500, "comment": null, "description": " KM2. AD: estimate for 3800 BCE has been changed to 5-20 square kilometers to reflect the territory that could have been controlled by a village for agricultural/foraging purposes. Considering that Hierakonpolis covered at least 7.5km2 the range should allow for variations.<br>Upper Egypt is the core territory of Naqada culture.<br>This describes a 7.5km2, 750ha site if taken as a square<br>In the Naqada I period Hierakonpolis occupation \"stretched for over 2.5 kilometers along the edge of the desert and back almost 3 kilometers into the great wadi that bisects the site\"§REF§Friedman, R. 2011. \"Hierakonpolis\". [in:] Before the Pyramids. The Orygin of Egyptian Cyvilization. Teeter, E.[ed.]. Chicago: The Oriental Instytute of the University of Chicago. pg: 34.§REF§<br>Naqada I: A few thousand meters-3 ha §REF§Ciałowicz, K. M. 1999. Początki cywilizacji egipskiej. Warszawa-Kraków: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN. pg: 110§REF§; Naqada II-III: uncoded quasi-polities<br>At the end of Naqada I the villages started to united, first creating chiefdoms/nome pre-states and in the Naqada III or even in the end of Naqada II - proto-states. The size of those polities varied and changed during the process of state formation. That remains uncoded.<br>" }, { "id": 474, "polity": { "id": 512, "name": "eg_naqada_2", "long_name": "Naqada II", "start_year": -3550, "end_year": -3300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 5000, "polity_territory_to": 20000, "comment": null, "description": " KM2. Estimate will be somewhere under 25,000 KM2 and somewhere over 3,000 KM2. A code of [5,000-20,000] captures the main part of this range.<br>Upper Egypt is the core territory of Naqada culture.<br>Naqada II<br>\"Gerzean culture extended from its source at Naqada northwards toward the Delta (Minshat Abu Omar) and southwards as far as Nubia.\" §REF§(Midant-Reynes 2000, 50)§REF§<br>Another more popular theory indicates a continuous existence of a few developing political and territorial chiefdoms or even a proto-states§REF§for example: Köhler, E. C. 2010. \"Theories of State Formation\". [in:] Wendrich, W. [ed.]. Egyptian Archaeology. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pg: 44, 47§REF§ §REF§Köhler, E. C. 2011. \"The Rise of the Egyptian State\" The Origins of Egyptian Civilization. Teeter, E.[ed.]. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. pg: 123§REF§ §REF§Savage, S. H. \"Some Recent Trends in the Archaeology of Predynastic Egypt\". Journal of Archaeological Research 9/2 (2001):129.§REF§<br>The size of those polities varied and changed during the process of state formation. It seems, however, that until the end of Naqada IIB period (3400 BCE) only three polities in Upper Egypt prevailed (there is still a huge lack of information about the Middle Egypt region), which remain quite stable for the rest of the Naqada II period. The exact size of polity territories remains uncoded§REF§Andelkovic, B. 2011. \"Political Organisation of Egypt in the Predynastic Period\". [in:] Teeter, E. [ed.]. Before the Pyramids: The Origin of the Egyptian Civilization. Chichago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. pg: 28-29.§REF§" }, { "id": 475, "polity": { "id": 513, "name": "eg_naqada_3", "long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty 0", "start_year": -3300, "end_year": -3100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 5000, "polity_territory_to": 10000, "comment": null, "description": " KM2.<br><i>DH: If we are taking the main settlements around the Qena bend, that would be more on the order of 5-10000 km2 (similar to the earlier Naqada periods) - not sure why rise to 20000 for Naqada 3? Was expansion of the 'culture', but that's not quite the same as polity territory</i><br>3150, 3100 BCE data from Chase-Dunn spreadsheet for \"Egypt\". §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet)§REF§<br>Upper Egypt is the core territory of Naqada culture.<br>\"Gerzean culture extended from its source at Naqada northwards toward the Delta (Minshat Abu Omar) and southwards as far as Nubia.\" §REF§(Midant-Reynes 2000, 50)§REF§<br>At the end of Naqada I the villages started to unite, creating chiefdoms/nome pre-states. According to one theory, the Naqada IIC proto-state emerged from those quasi-polities§REF§Andelkovic, B. 2011. \"Political Organisation of Egypt in the Predynastic Period\". [in:] Teeter, E. [ed.]. Before the Pyramids: The Origin of the Egyptian Civilization. Chichago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. pg: 28-30§REF§. Another more popular theory indicates a continuous existence of a few developing political and territorial chiefdoms or even a proto-states§REF§for example: Köhler, E. C. 2010. \"Theories of State Formation\". [in:] Wendrich, W. [ed.]. Egyptian Archaeology. Chichester: Blackwell Publishing. pg: 44, 47§REF§ §REF§Köhler, E. C. 2011. \"The Rise of the Egyptian State\" The Origins of Egyptian Civilization. Teeter, E.[ed.]. Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. pg: 123§REF§ §REF§Savage, S. H. \"Some Recent Trends in the Archaeology of Predynastic Egypt\". Journal of Archaeological Research 9/2 (2001):129.§REF§. The size of those polities varied and changed during the process of state formation. It seems, however, that until the end of Naqada IIB period (3400 BCE) only three polities in Upper Egypt prevailed (there is still a huge lack of information about the Middle Egypt region), which remain quite stable for the rest of the Naqada II period. The exact size of polity territories remains uncoded§REF§Andelkovic, B. 2011. \"Political Organisation of Egypt in the Predynastic Period\". [in:] Teeter, E. [ed.]. Before the Pyramids: The Origin of the Egyptian Civilization. Chichago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago. pg: 28-29.§REF§." }, { "id": 476, "polity": { "id": 199, "name": "eg_new_k_2", "long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period", "start_year": -1293, "end_year": -1070 }, "year_from": -1293, "year_to": -1293, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 1000000, "polity_territory_to": 1000000, "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://irows.ucr.edu/research/citemp/asa01/oct2k1.xls\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]</a>)§REF§<br>Ramses III (c1182-1151 BCE) Asiatic colonies conquered by Sea Peoples.<br>The following territories should be included: up the Nile all the way to the fifth cataract: North Levant (Liban, Syria (c. 20% of Syria), Western Jordan, Israel, Libyan coast West of the Delta, about 300 km west of Alexandria." }, { "id": 477, "polity": { "id": 199, "name": "eg_new_k_2", "long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period", "start_year": -1293, "end_year": -1070 }, "year_from": -1200, "year_to": -1200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 746000, "polity_territory_to": 746000, "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://irows.ucr.edu/research/citemp/asa01/oct2k1.xls\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]</a>)§REF§<br>Ramses III (c1182-1151 BCE) Asiatic colonies conquered by Sea Peoples.<br>The following territories should be included: up the Nile all the way to the fifth cataract: North Levant (Liban, Syria (c. 20% of Syria), Western Jordan, Israel, Libyan coast West of the Delta, about 300 km west of Alexandria." }, { "id": 478, "polity": { "id": 199, "name": "eg_new_k_2", "long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period", "start_year": -1293, "end_year": -1070 }, "year_from": -1100, "year_to": -1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_territory", "polity_territory_from": 567000, "polity_territory_to": 567000, "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Chase-Dunn spreadsheet <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://irows.ucr.edu/research/citemp/asa01/oct2k1.xls\" rel=\"nofollow\">[3]</a>)§REF§<br>Ramses III (c1182-1151 BCE) Asiatic colonies conquered by Sea Peoples.<br>The following territories should be included: up the Nile all the way to the fifth cataract: North Levant (Liban, Syria (c. 20% of Syria), Western Jordan, Israel, Libyan coast West of the Delta, about 300 km west of Alexandria." } ] }