Polity Population List
A viewset for viewing and editing Polity Populations.
GET /api/sc/polity-populations/?format=api&page=2
{ "count": 577, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/polity-populations/?format=api&page=3", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/polity-populations/?format=api", "results": [ { "id": 323, "polity": { "id": 109, "name": "eg_ptolemaic_k_1", "long_name": "Ptolemaic Kingdom I", "start_year": -305, "end_year": -217 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 7000000, "polity_population_to": 7000000, "comment": null, "description": " 7,000,000: 280-300 BCE 7,000,000 for the \"total\" Ptolemaic Empire. Unspecified date (presumably peak territory).§REF§(Fischer-Bovet 2008, 149<a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=F7TZxzZzbMUC&pg=PA148&dq=Ptolemaic+Kingdom+army&hl=en&sa=X&ei=_dkYUofGBanK0QXdhYDQAg&ved=0CFAQ6AEwBg#v=onepage&q=Ptolemaic%20Kingdom%20army&f=false\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]</a>)§REF§<br>TC: figures below refer to Egypt specfically:<br>3,000,000-5,000,000 Egypt 100 BCE.<br>Fischer-Bovet book is out in 2014<br>Clarysse and Thompson §REF§W. Clarysse and D. Thompson, Counting the People in Hellenistic Egypt. Cambridge, 2006§REF§ offer an estimate (for Egypt) of around 2.8 mln which is based upon census figures.<br>F. Hassan provides an estimate for Egypt which is also less than 3 mln. W. Scheidel prefers a number closer to 5 mln. Encyclopaedia Britannica 2011 gives 3.5 mln. ca. BCE 100. §REF§<a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/180468/ancient-Egypt/22341/The-Ptolemaic-dynasty?anchor=ref936466\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/180468/ancient-Egypt/22341/The-Ptolemaic-dynasty?anchor=ref936466</a>§REF§<br>C. Fischer-Bovet, \"Counting the Greeks in Egypt. Immigration in the first century of Ptolemaic rule,\" in Demography in the Graeco-Roman World, ed. C. Holleran and A. Pudsey. Cambridge, 2011, pp. 135-54 reviews earlier estimations, and suggests a population in the Third century BC of 4 mln, with Greeks representing ca. 5% of the total.<br>Korotaev and Khaltourina's estimated population dynamics of Egypt 300-1900 CE. §REF§(Korotaev and Khaltourina 2006, 38)§REF§Korotaev and Khaltourina's data (Egypt only)300 BCE: 3,000,000200 BCE: 4,000,000100 BCE: 2,500,0001 CE: 3,500,000<br>" }, { "id": 324, "polity": { "id": 203, "name": "eg_saite", "long_name": "Egypt - Saite Period", "start_year": -664, "end_year": -525 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 1800000, "polity_population_to": 2500000, "comment": null, "description": " McEvedy and Jones have just under 3 million for Egypt at 400 BCE." }, { "id": 325, "polity": { "id": 84, "name": "es_spanish_emp_1", "long_name": "Spanish Empire I", "start_year": 1516, "end_year": 1715 }, "year_from": 1550, "year_to": 1550, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 29000000, "polity_population_to": 29000000, "comment": null, "description": " People.<br>\"By the middle of the 16th century, The 7.5 million inhabitants of the Spanish kingdoms were the mainstay of the Habsburg Empire, which controlled more than 20 of Europe's 90 millions and 9m of the 12m natives in the New World.\" §REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 99-100) McEvedy, Colin and Richard Jones. 1978. <i>Atlas of world population history.</i> Great Britain: Penguin. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/6U4QZXCG\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/6U4QZXCG</a>§REF§<br>Spain: 7,500,000: 1540 CE; 8,500,000: 1590-1600 CE; 7,000,000: 1700 CE §REF§(Payne 1973, 291) Payne, Stanley G. 1973. <i>A History of Spain and Portugal, Volume 1</i>, Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/payne15.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/payne15.htm</a> <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/6MIH95XP\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/6MIH95XP</a>§REF§§REF§(Payne 1973, 267) Payne, Stanley G. 1973. <i>A History of Spain and Portugal, Volume 1.</i> Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/payne15.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/payne15.htm</a> <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/6MIH95XP\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/6MIH95XP</a>§REF§<br>Iberian Union: 29,997,000: 1580-1640 CE (estimate from Wikipedia, needs checking and citation)<br>Spain and Portugal: 9,000,000-9,500,000: 1600 CE §REF§(Payne 1973, 267) Payne, Stanley G. 1973. <i>A History of Spain and Portugal, Volume 1.</i> Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/payne15.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://libro.uca.edu/payne1/payne15.htm</a> <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/6MIH95XP\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/6MIH95XP</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 326, "polity": { "id": 208, "name": "et_aksum_emp_1", "long_name": "Axum I", "start_year": -149, "end_year": 349 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 500000, "polity_population_to": 600000, "comment": null, "description": " People.<br>\"Kobishchanov (1979: 122-5), in his discussion about Aksumite population ... the population of the whole Aksumite kingdom without Arabia and Nubia, was 'at the outside half a million'. This was presumably based on available archaeological evidence.\"§REF§(Munro-Hay 1991, 166) Stuart C Munro-Hay. 1991. Aksum: An African Civilisation of Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 327, "polity": { "id": 57, "name": "fm_truk_1", "long_name": "Chuuk - Early Truk", "start_year": 1775, "end_year": 1886 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": " People. The population figures available refer to the colonial period only: 'In 1947 Chuuk's population was about 9,200. By 1988 it was more than 35,000 with a density of about 385 persons per square kilometer.' §REF§Goodenough, Ward and Skoggard 1999) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/5IETI75E\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/5IETI75E</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 328, "polity": { "id": 58, "name": "fm_truk_2", "long_name": "Chuuk - Late Truk", "start_year": 1886, "end_year": 1948 }, "year_from": 1947, "year_to": 1947, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 9200, "polity_population_to": 9200, "comment": null, "description": " people. 'In 1947 Chuuk's population was about 9,200. By 1988 it was more than 35,000 with a density of about 385 persons per square kilometer.' §REF§Goodenough, Ward H. and Skoggard, Ian: eHRAF Cultural Summary for the Chuuk§REF§" }, { "id": 329, "polity": { "id": 448, "name": "fr_atlantic_complex", "long_name": "Atlantic Complex", "start_year": -2200, "end_year": -1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 1000, "polity_population_to": 2000, "comment": null, "description": "\"Settlements varied between two primary forms in the Earlier Bronze Age. One was a simple hamlet of several small, square structures, probably housing one or more extended family groups. The other was a fortified town, usually built on an easily defended prominence and surrounded by a series of walls and ditches.\" §REF§(Peregrine 2001, 412-413)§REF§ - from this quote I estimate 1000-2000 on basis that we have already about 1000 for Beaker Culture.<br>" }, { "id": 330, "polity": { "id": 447, "name": "fr_beaker_eba", "long_name": "Beaker Culture", "start_year": -3200, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 800, "polity_population_to": 1200, "comment": null, "description": " for a fortified settlement.<br>around 100 inhabitants for isolated settlement<br>\"Settlement System. It seems that the population of the areas of influence of the Bell Beaker was mainly dispersed. The settlements are single or isolated, or, at most, there are concentrations of 10 to 20 domestic units. This type of settlement may allow its inhabitants to move with a certain frequency.\" §REF§(Clop Garcia 2001, 25)§REF§ From that we can infer that polity population was probably around 100 inhabitants. \"The Bell Beaker communities developed in a period of demographic growth, as we can deduce from the numerous sites of this period, the fact that the Bell Beaker communities moved to and exploited previously marginal lands, and the fact that in some areas there was a more permanent and nuclear type of settlement. But there are some differences depending on the different areas of study.<br>fortified settlements. 1000-1500<br>In the areas where there was a dispersed type of settlement, the number of inhabitants per settlement was not very high (one or two families). On the other hand, in the areas where there are remains of fortified settlements, the number of inhabitants may be higher. For example, Los Millares (Spain) may have had between 1,000 and 1,500 inhabitants, considering the surface of the settlement and the minimum number of individuals necessary to benefit from the fortifications.\" §REF§(Clop Garcia 2001, 26)§REF§<br>long village of 50 individuals<br>\"In this settlement, only the sandy ridge itself can be regarded as arable lend. This ridge 700-800 m long and between 70-100 m wide, would give roughly 5 to 8 ha of fertile land. This area could be expected to support a family of four to seven people (Harrison 1986). If all the eight sites along the ridge were occupied at the same time, the total number of people in this long \"village\" would number only up to 50 individuals (Harrison 1986).\" §REF§(Clop Garcia 2001, 30)§REF§ in Molenaarsgraaf (Netherlands)<br>" }, { "id": 331, "polity": { "id": 311, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire II", "start_year": 840, "end_year": 987 }, "year_from": 840, "year_to": 856, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 7000000, "polity_population_to": 9000000, "comment": null, "description": "5 million in Gaul during reign of Charlemagne.§REF§(Percy Jr 1995, 1415-1417)§REF§<br>Territory also included Rhineland in modern Germany, which became East Francia from 844 CE, in northern Italy (until 856 CE) and the low countries. Estimates for these regions based on McEvedy and Jones (1978). Germany about 1 million, low countries about 1 million, Italy 2 million. §REF§(McEverdy and Jones 1978, 67)§REF§ Period from 900 CE loses territory in modern Germany and low countries." }, { "id": 332, "polity": { "id": 311, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire II", "start_year": 840, "end_year": 987 }, "year_from": 857, "year_to": 899, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 5000000, "polity_population_to": 7000000, "comment": null, "description": "5 million in Gaul during reign of Charlemagne.§REF§(Percy Jr 1995, 1415-1417)§REF§<br>Territory also included Rhineland in modern Germany, which became East Francia from 844 CE, in northern Italy (until 856 CE) and the low countries. Estimates for these regions based on McEvedy and Jones (1978). Germany about 1 million, low countries about 1 million, Italy 2 million. §REF§(McEverdy and Jones 1978, 67)§REF§ Period from 900 CE loses territory in modern Germany and low countries." }, { "id": 333, "polity": { "id": 311, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire II", "start_year": 840, "end_year": 987 }, "year_from": 900, "year_to": 987, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 4000000, "polity_population_to": 5000000, "comment": null, "description": "5 million in Gaul during reign of Charlemagne.§REF§(Percy Jr 1995, 1415-1417)§REF§<br>Territory also included Rhineland in modern Germany, which became East Francia from 844 CE, in northern Italy (until 856 CE) and the low countries. Estimates for these regions based on McEvedy and Jones (1978). Germany about 1 million, low countries about 1 million, Italy 2 million. §REF§(McEverdy and Jones 1978, 67)§REF§ Period from 900 CE loses territory in modern Germany and low countries." }, { "id": 334, "polity": { "id": 306, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Middle Merovingian", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 687 }, "year_from": 600, "year_to": 600, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 800000, "polity_population_to": 1200000, "comment": null, "description": " Merovingian kingdoms was a quasi-polity in terms of population that could be militarily controlled. This figure represents the average sized kingdom within the polity.<br>Total divided by six regions.<br>[5,000,000-7,000,000]<br>Estimated from below.<br>Population of France §REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 57) McEvedy, C and Jones, R. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br>400 CE = 5<br>500 CE = 4.75<br>600 CE = 4.5<br>700 CE = 4.75<br>800 CE = 5<br>Population of Belgium and Luxembourg §REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 63)§REF§<br>400 CE = 0.3<br>500 CE = 0.3<br>600 CE = 0.3<br>700 CE = 0.3<br>800 CE = 0.3<br>Population of Netherlands §REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 65)§REF§<br>400 CE = 0.2<br>500 CE = 0.2<br>600 CE = 0.2<br>700 CE = 0.2<br>800 CE = 0.2<br>Population of Germany §REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 69)§REF§<br>400 CE = 3.5<br>500 CE = 3.25<br>600 CE = 3.0<br>700 CE = 3.0<br>800 CE = 3.25<br>Merovingian South West Germany. \"activity radius of about 1km around early Neolithic settlements. This gives an area of slightly over 3 km2, of which 10 percent were fields and gardens. It was exploited by about 100 individuals (Kuster 1995:76-7). This implied a population density of about 30 inhabitants per km2. If we assume one settlement with about 200 inhabitants and some smaller settlements in one Gemarkung, we obtain a figure of 50-60 inhabitants per km2 for the Merovingian period.\" §REF§(Damminger in Wood ed. 1998, 69)§REF§" }, { "id": 335, "polity": { "id": 454, "name": "fr_la_tene_b2_c1", "long_name": "La Tene B2-C1", "start_year": -325, "end_year": -175 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 70000, "polity_population_to": 80000, "comment": null, "description": " Average polity size.<br>368,000/5 = 73,600<br>Some idea for scale of tribal populations comes from Caesar at the time of his invasion of Gaul. Helvetii, Tulingi, Latobrigi, Rauraci and Boii wanted to move from Switzerland to South West Gaul. According to Caesar (c50 BCE) there were 368,000 in total. Another tribe, the Suebi numbered 120,000 people.§REF§(Collis 2003, 107)§REF§" }, { "id": 336, "polity": { "id": 455, "name": "fr_la_tene_c2_d", "long_name": "La Tene C2-D", "start_year": -175, "end_year": -27 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 70000, "polity_population_to": 80000, "comment": null, "description": " 368,000/5 = 73,600<br>\"Diodorus Siculus estimated 50,000-200,000 persons for tribes in Gaul; Caesar's estimates ranged from the Helvetii at 263,000 to the Latovici at 14,000.\" §REF§(Wells 1984:171)§REF§§REF§(Patterson 1995, 136)§REF§ Caesar might have been prone to exaggeration.<br>Some idea for scale of tribal populations comes from Caesar at the time of his invasion of Gaul. Helvetii, Tulingi, Latobrigi, Rauraci and Boii wanted to move from Switzerland to South West Gaul. According to Caesar (c50 BCE) there were 368,000 in total. Another tribe, the Suebi numbered 120,000 people.§REF§(Collis 2003, 107)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 337, "polity": { "id": 459, "name": "fr_valois_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Valois", "start_year": 1450, "end_year": 1589 }, "year_from": 1470, "year_to": 1470, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 10000000, "polity_population_to": 12000000, "comment": null, "description": "Catastrophic collapse: 1350-1450 CE. Patchy revival: 1450-1500 CE. Population boom: 1500-1550 CE. Hesitated: 1550-1600 CE. §REF§(Potter 1995, 7-8)§REF§<br>[10,000,000-12,000,000]: 1470s CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 170)§REF§(Mousnier) 18,000,000: 1515 CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 8)§REF§(Pierre Chaunu) 16,000,000: 1500 CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 8)§REF§(Ladurie) 20,000,000: 1560 CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 8)§REF§<br>Urbanization: 6-10% \"much birth in the country, much death in the town.\" §REF§(Potter 1995, 9§REF§ §REF§cite: Dupaquier 1996, 394)§REF§" }, { "id": 338, "polity": { "id": 459, "name": "fr_valois_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Valois", "start_year": 1450, "end_year": 1589 }, "year_from": 1500, "year_to": 1500, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 16000000, "polity_population_to": 16000000, "comment": null, "description": "Catastrophic collapse: 1350-1450 CE. Patchy revival: 1450-1500 CE. Population boom: 1500-1550 CE. Hesitated: 1550-1600 CE. §REF§(Potter 1995, 7-8)§REF§<br>[10,000,000-12,000,000]: 1470s CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 170)§REF§(Mousnier) 18,000,000: 1515 CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 8)§REF§(Pierre Chaunu) 16,000,000: 1500 CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 8)§REF§(Ladurie) 20,000,000: 1560 CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 8)§REF§<br>Urbanization: 6-10% \"much birth in the country, much death in the town.\" §REF§(Potter 1995, 9§REF§ §REF§cite: Dupaquier 1996, 394)§REF§" }, { "id": 339, "polity": { "id": 459, "name": "fr_valois_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Valois", "start_year": 1450, "end_year": 1589 }, "year_from": 1515, "year_to": 1515, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 18000000, "polity_population_to": 18000000, "comment": null, "description": "Catastrophic collapse: 1350-1450 CE. Patchy revival: 1450-1500 CE. Population boom: 1500-1550 CE. Hesitated: 1550-1600 CE. §REF§(Potter 1995, 7-8)§REF§<br>[10,000,000-12,000,000]: 1470s CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 170)§REF§(Mousnier) 18,000,000: 1515 CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 8)§REF§(Pierre Chaunu) 16,000,000: 1500 CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 8)§REF§(Ladurie) 20,000,000: 1560 CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 8)§REF§<br>Urbanization: 6-10% \"much birth in the country, much death in the town.\" §REF§(Potter 1995, 9§REF§ §REF§cite: Dupaquier 1996, 394)§REF§" }, { "id": 340, "polity": { "id": 459, "name": "fr_valois_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Valois", "start_year": 1450, "end_year": 1589 }, "year_from": 1560, "year_to": 1560, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 20000000, "polity_population_to": 20000000, "comment": null, "description": "Catastrophic collapse: 1350-1450 CE. Patchy revival: 1450-1500 CE. Population boom: 1500-1550 CE. Hesitated: 1550-1600 CE. §REF§(Potter 1995, 7-8)§REF§<br>[10,000,000-12,000,000]: 1470s CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 170)§REF§(Mousnier) 18,000,000: 1515 CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 8)§REF§(Pierre Chaunu) 16,000,000: 1500 CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 8)§REF§(Ladurie) 20,000,000: 1560 CE §REF§(Potter 1995, 8)§REF§<br>Urbanization: 6-10% \"much birth in the country, much death in the town.\" §REF§(Potter 1995, 9§REF§ §REF§cite: Dupaquier 1996, 394)§REF§" }, { "id": 341, "polity": { "id": 587, "name": "gb_british_emp_1", "long_name": "British Empire I", "start_year": 1690, "end_year": 1849 }, "year_from": 1814, "year_to": 1814, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 107500000, "polity_population_to": 107500000, "comment": null, "description": "People. Maddison Project Estimates §REF§<a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2018\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2018</a>§REF§<br>Alternate estimates: In 1877 CE? according to contemporary literature: Area: 8,754,793 square miles. Population: 284,110,693.§REF§(Bartholomew 1877, v) John Bartholomew. 1877. Atlas of the British empire throughout the world. George Philip and Son. London.§REF§<br>According to statistician Patrick Colquhoun, the total population of the Empire in 1814 was 61.15 Million. A Treatise on the Wealth, Power and Resources of the British Empire <br>398.4 million in 1901 §REF§Census of the British Empire, 1901: Report with Summary and Detailed Tables for the Several Colonies, &c. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1906.§REF§" }, { "id": 342, "polity": { "id": 786, "name": "gb_british_emp_2", "long_name": "British Empire II", "start_year": 1850, "end_year": 1968 }, "year_from": 1900, "year_to": 1900, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 400000000, "polity_population_to": 400000000, "comment": null, "description": "People. Maddison Project Estimates §REF§<a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2018\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.rug.nl/ggdc/historicaldevelopment/maddison/releases/maddison-project-database-2018</a>§REF§<br>Alternate estimates: In 1877 CE? according to contemporary literature: Area: 8,754,793 square miles. Population: 284,110,693.§REF§(Bartholomew 1877, v) John Bartholomew. 1877. Atlas of the British empire throughout the world. George Philip and Son. London.§REF§<br>According to statistician Patrick Colquhoun, the total population of the Empire in 1814 was 61.15 Million. A Treatise on the Wealth, Power and Resources of the British Empire <br>398.4 million in 1901 §REF§Census of the British Empire, 1901: Report with Summary and Detailed Tables for the Several Colonies, &c. London: His Majesty's Stationery Office, 1906.§REF§" }, { "id": 343, "polity": { "id": 114, "name": "gh_ashanti_emp", "long_name": "Ashanti Empire", "start_year": 1701, "end_year": 1895 }, "year_from": 1874, "year_to": 1874, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 3000000, "polity_population_to": 3000000, "comment": null, "description": " People. This number refers to the whole of the Ashanti Union and is also taken from Obeng's work §REF§Obeng, J. Pashington 1996. \"Asante Catholicism: Religious and Cultural Reproduction Among the Akan of Ghana\", 20§REF§." }, { "id": 344, "polity": { "id": 67, "name": "gr_crete_archaic", "long_name": "Archaic Crete", "start_year": -710, "end_year": -500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": " People. In this period Crete was divided into regional city-states that controlled well-defined regions.§REF§Willetts, R. F. 1965. <i>Ancient Crete. A Social History</i>, London and Toronto, 56-75§REF§ §REF§Lembesi, A. 1987. \"Η Κρητών Πολιτεία,\" in Panagiotakis, N. (ed.), <i>Κρήτη: Ιστορία και Πολιτισμός</i>, Heraklion, 166-72.§REF§ 'For Crete, [Hansen and Nielsen] make a quick calculation: having said that there were 49 contemporary cities in Crete, and the island having 8200 km2, the average territory of a Cretan city was of 167km2'.§REF§(Coutsinas 2013) Nadia Coutsinas. 2013. \"The Establishment of the City-States of Eastern Crete from the Archaic to the Roman Period.\" <i>CHS Research Bulletin</i> 2 (1). <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hlnc.essay:CoutsinasN.The_Establishment_of_the_City-States_of_Eastern_Crete.2013\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:hlnc.essay:CoutsinasN.The_Establishment_of_the_City-States_of_Eastern_Crete.2013</a>. Coutsinas is citing <i>An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis</i> by Mogens Herman Hansen and Thomas Heine Nielsen (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004).§REF§ Expert input may be needed to suggest a population estimate for a typical Archaic Cretan city-state." }, { "id": 345, "polity": { "id": 68, "name": "gr_crete_classical", "long_name": "Classical Crete", "start_year": -500, "end_year": -323 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 5000, "polity_population_to": 30000, "comment": null, "description": " people. Estimates for the population of the whole island vary between 200,000 and 1,000,000 people. The most likely estimate, however, is that of 450,000 - 500,000 people.§REF§Chaniotis, A. 1897. \"Κλασική και Ελληνιστική Κρήτη,\" in Panagiotakis, N. (ed.), <i>Κρήτη: Ιστορία και Πολιτισμός</i>, Heraklion, 194-95.§REF§ The range coded here was arrived at by dividing the 200,000-1,000,000 range among the 35-40 city-states that occupied Classical Crete.§REF§Sanders, I. F. 1982. <i>Roman Crete. An Archaeological Survey and Gazetteer of Late Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine Crete</i>, Warminister, 11.§REF§" }, { "id": 346, "polity": { "id": 74, "name": "gr_crete_emirate", "long_name": "The Emirate of Crete", "start_year": 824, "end_year": 961 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 250000, "polity_population_to": 250000, "comment": null, "description": " People. This is a rough estimate. §REF§Παπαδόπουλος, Ι.Β. 1948. <i>Η Κρήτη υπό τους Σαρακηνούς (824-961)</i>, Athens, 37.§REF§" }, { "id": 347, "polity": { "id": 65, "name": "gr_crete_post_palace_2", "long_name": "Final Postpalatial Crete", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": " people. Firth estimated the Cretan population during Late Minoan IIIA and IIIB periods (1400-1200 BCE) as 110,000.§REF§Firth, R. 1995.\"Estimating the population of Crete during LM IIIA/B,\" Minos 29-30, 33-55.§REF§ There are not estimates for the Final Post Palatial Period; settlement patterns, however, points to a considerable population decrease especially during 1100-1000 BCE. §REF§Rehak, P. and Younger, J. G. 2001. \"Neopalatial, Final palatial, and Postpalatial Crete,\" in Cullen, T. (ed.), <i>Aegean Prehistory. A Review</i>, Boston, 458§REF§ §REF§Borgna, E. 2003. \"Regional settlement patterns in Crete at the end of LBA,\" <i>SMEA</i> 45, 153-83.§REF§ Moreover, during this period Crete was divided up into many small, independent political units.§REF§Borgna, E. 2003. \"Regional settlement patterns, exchange systems and sources of power in Crete at the ends of the Late Bronze Age: establishing a connection,\" <i>SMEA</i> 45, 153-83.§REF§ Expert input may be needed to suggest a figure for the typical population of one of these polities." }, { "id": 348, "polity": { "id": 66, "name": "gr_crete_geometric", "long_name": "Geometric Crete", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -710 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": " People. Very few settlements have been actually been excavated and not with nearly the horizontal sample that we should need to be able to address questions of population estimates." }, { "id": 349, "polity": { "id": 69, "name": "gr_crete_hellenistic", "long_name": "Hellenistic Crete", "start_year": -323, "end_year": -69 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 5000, "polity_population_to": 30000, "comment": null, "description": " people. Estimates for the population of the whole island vary between 200,000 and 1,000,000 people. The most likely estimate, however, is that of 450,000 - 500,000 people.§REF§Chaniotis, A. 1897. \"Κλασική και Ελληνιστική Κρήτη,\" in Panagiotakis, N. (ed.), <i>Κρήτη: Ιστορία και Πολιτισμός</i>, Heraklion, 194-95.§REF§ The range coded here was arrived at by dividing the 200,000-1,000,000 range among the 35-40 city-states that occupied Classical Crete.§REF§Sanders, I. F. 1982. <i>Roman Crete. An Archaeological Survey and Gazetteer of Late Hellenistic, Roman and Early Byzantine Crete</i>, Warminister, 11.§REF§" }, { "id": 350, "polity": { "id": 63, "name": "gr_crete_mono_palace", "long_name": "Monopalatial Crete", "start_year": -1450, "end_year": -1300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 50000, "polity_population_to": 80000, "comment": null, "description": " people. Firth estimated the Cretan population during Late Minoan IIIA and IIIB periods (1400-1300 BCE) at 110,000.§REF§Firth, R. 1995.\"Estimating the population of Crete during LM IIIA/B,\" Minos 29-30, 33-55.§REF§ However, the area of east Crete may have been independent of Knossian control and was perhaps organized into a separate polity or group of polities.§REF§Bennet, J. 1987. \"The wild country east of Dikte: the problem of east Crete in the LM III period,\" in Killen, J. T., Melena, J. L., and Olivier, J.-P. (eds), Studies in Mycenaean and Classical Greek presented to John Chadwick (Minos 20-22), Salamanga, 77-88.§REF§ Coded for roughly half to three-quarters of the island's total population. It should be noted that this estimate is a working hypothesis open to objections and modifications." }, { "id": 351, "polity": { "id": 62, "name": "gr_crete_new_palace", "long_name": "New Palace Crete", "start_year": -1700, "end_year": -1450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": " people. Rackham and Moody argued that the population of palatial Crete (Middle Minoan II-Late Minoan I or 1800-1450 BCE) was about 216,000-271,000.§REF§Rackham, O. and Moody, J. 1999. <i>The Making of the Cretan Landscape</i>, Manchester and New York, 97.§REF§ For population estimates see also Branigan.§REF§Branigan, K. 2000. \"Aspects of Minoan urbanism,\" in Branigan, K. (ed.), <i>Urbanism in the Aegean Bronze Age</i> (SSAA 4), Sheffield, 38-50.§REF§ Expert input may be needed to produce a figure for the population of a typical regional polity in this period." }, { "id": 352, "polity": { "id": 61, "name": "gr_crete_old_palace", "long_name": "Old Palace Crete", "start_year": -1900, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": " people. Rackham and Moody argued that the population of palatial Crete (Middle Minoan II-Late Minoan I or 1800-1450 BCE) was about 216,000-271,000.§REF§Rackham, O. and Moody, J. 1999. <i>The Making of the Cretan Landscape</i>, Manchester and New York, 97.§REF§ For population estimates see also Branigan.§REF§Branigan, K. 2000. \"Aspects of Minoan urbanism,\" in Branigan, K. (ed.), <i>Urbanism in the Aegean Bronze Age</i> (SSAA 4), Sheffield, 38-50.§REF§ Expert input may be needed to produce a figure for the population of a typical regional polity in this period." }, { "id": 353, "polity": { "id": 64, "name": "gr_crete_post_palace_1", "long_name": "Postpalatial Crete", "start_year": -1300, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": " people. Firth estimated the Cretan population during Late Minoan IIIA and IIIB periods (1400-1200 BCE) as 110,000.§REF§Firth, R. 1995.\"Estimating the population of Crete during LM IIIA/B,\" Minos 29-30, 33-55.§REF§ However, during this period, after the collapse of the Knossian state, it was divided into many small, independent polities.§REF§Borgna, E. 2003. \"Regional settlement patterns, exchange systems and sources of power in Crete at the ends of the Late Bronze Age: establishing a connection,\" <i>SMEA</i> 45, 158.§REF§ Crete, to quote Popham \"was free, too, of centralized control and it may be assumed that the various geographical regions, or provinces, existed independently under their local rulers.\" §REF§Popham, M. R. 1994. \"Late Minoan II to the end of the Bronze Age,\" in Evely, D., Hughes-Brock, H., and Momigliano, N. (eds), Knossos. A Labyrinth of History. Papers in Honour of Sinclair Hood, London, 90.§REF§ Expert input may be needed to suggest a code for the population of a typical Post-Palatial polity." }, { "id": 354, "polity": { "id": 18, "name": "us_hawaii_2", "long_name": "Hawaii II", "start_year": 1200, "end_year": 1580 }, "year_from": 1200, "year_to": 1200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 3500, "polity_population_to": 7000, "comment": null, "description": " The following may also be relevant: Kirch§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 288.§REF§ has figures for the western region of the Big Island. See Kirch§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 288.§REF§. The western part of the Big Island was low in population from 800 to 1200, then 1200-1600 very fast growth, then some decline. Many new parts of the Big Island were inhabited for the first time between 1200-1300CE, e.g. Lapahiki, Kalāhuipua’a, and ‘Anaeho’omalu§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 304§REF§. The rate of population increase in West Big Island was the greatest during 1100-1300CE. By 1650CE there were probably 200,000 or more people in the whole archipelago. In 1100CE there were probably 20,000 in the whole archipelago§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 304§REF§." }, { "id": 355, "polity": { "id": 18, "name": "us_hawaii_2", "long_name": "Hawaii II", "start_year": 1200, "end_year": 1580 }, "year_from": 1300, "year_to": 1300, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 7000, "polity_population_to": 13200, "comment": null, "description": " The following may also be relevant: Kirch§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 288.§REF§ has figures for the western region of the Big Island. See Kirch§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 288.§REF§. The western part of the Big Island was low in population from 800 to 1200, then 1200-1600 very fast growth, then some decline. Many new parts of the Big Island were inhabited for the first time between 1200-1300CE, e.g. Lapahiki, Kalāhuipua’a, and ‘Anaeho’omalu§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 304§REF§. The rate of population increase in West Big Island was the greatest during 1100-1300CE. By 1650CE there were probably 200,000 or more people in the whole archipelago. In 1100CE there were probably 20,000 in the whole archipelago§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 304§REF§." }, { "id": 356, "polity": { "id": 18, "name": "us_hawaii_2", "long_name": "Hawaii II", "start_year": 1200, "end_year": 1580 }, "year_from": 1400, "year_to": 1400, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 13200, "polity_population_to": 22000, "comment": null, "description": " The following may also be relevant: Kirch§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 288.§REF§ has figures for the western region of the Big Island. See Kirch§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 288.§REF§. The western part of the Big Island was low in population from 800 to 1200, then 1200-1600 very fast growth, then some decline. Many new parts of the Big Island were inhabited for the first time between 1200-1300CE, e.g. Lapahiki, Kalāhuipua’a, and ‘Anaeho’omalu§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 304§REF§. The rate of population increase in West Big Island was the greatest during 1100-1300CE. By 1650CE there were probably 200,000 or more people in the whole archipelago. In 1100CE there were probably 20,000 in the whole archipelago§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 304§REF§." }, { "id": 357, "polity": { "id": 18, "name": "us_hawaii_2", "long_name": "Hawaii II", "start_year": 1200, "end_year": 1580 }, "year_from": 1500, "year_to": 1500, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 22000, "polity_population_to": 50000, "comment": null, "description": " The following may also be relevant: Kirch§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 288.§REF§ has figures for the western region of the Big Island. See Kirch§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 288.§REF§. The western part of the Big Island was low in population from 800 to 1200, then 1200-1600 very fast growth, then some decline. Many new parts of the Big Island were inhabited for the first time between 1200-1300CE, e.g. Lapahiki, Kalāhuipua’a, and ‘Anaeho’omalu§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 304§REF§. The rate of population increase in West Big Island was the greatest during 1100-1300CE. By 1650CE there were probably 200,000 or more people in the whole archipelago. In 1100CE there were probably 20,000 in the whole archipelago§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 304§REF§." }, { "id": 358, "polity": { "id": 19, "name": "us_hawaii_3", "long_name": "Hawaii III", "start_year": 1580, "end_year": 1778 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 37500, "polity_population_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": " Estimate calculated using a range of [150,000-800,000] inhabitants for the whole archipelago divided into 4 polities.The 150,000-200,000 figure is implausible considering that all men, women, and children in the entire archipelago may only have numbered 250,000-300,000 at this time §REF§Kirch, P. V. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley: University of California Press. Pg. 129.§REF§. However, if higher estimates of the archipelago’s population (400,000, possibly more than 800,000 §REF§Kirch, P. V. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley: University of California Press. Pg. 129-30.§REF§) are correct, perhaps the 1794 fleet really did contain 150,000-200,000 men.<br\\“By the late seventeenth century, four main polities had emerged, focused on the main islands of Kaua’i, O’ahu, Maui, and Hawai’i, with the fought-over smaller islands being incorporated into one or another of the main units. However, the political dynamism of Hawai’i [the archipelago] in late prehistoric and early historic times emanated primarily from the two largest and youngest islands, Maui and Hawai’i….The Maui and Hawai’i chiefs coveted the generously endowed production systems based on irrigation that these western islands offered. Not long before Cook’s fateful visit in 1778-79, the Maui paramount Kahekili expanded his polity to encompass all of the islands to the west and was engaged in a fierce succession of wars with his arch-rival Kalani’ōpu’u of Hawai’i. After the fateful encounter with the West, Kalani’ōpu’u’s successor—the famous Kamehameha I—made shrewd use of Western arms to incorporate the entire archipelago under his hegemony.”§REF§Kirch, P. V. 2000. On the Road of the Winds: An Archaeological History of the Pacific Islands Before European Contact. Berkeley: University of California Press. Pg. 300.§REF§" }, { "id": 359, "polity": { "id": 153, "name": "id_iban_1", "long_name": "Iban - Pre-Brooke", "start_year": 1650, "end_year": 1841 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 25, "polity_population_to": 500, "comment": null, "description": " People. We have assumed that reliable data on the total size of the Iban population are unavailable for the pre-Brooke Raj period. However, as noted above, each longhouse constituted its own autonomous unit,§REF§Vinson H. Sutlive, Jr. and John Beierle: eHRAF Cultural Summary for the Iban§REF§ and a \"longhouse may include as few as four families with 25 residents in a structure less than 15 meters long, or as many as 80 families with 500 residents in a house about 300 meters long.\"§REF§Vinson H. Sutlive, Jr. and John Beierle: eHRAF Cultural Summary for the Iban§REF§" }, { "id": 360, "polity": { "id": 154, "name": "id_iban_2", "long_name": "Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial", "start_year": 1841, "end_year": 1987 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": " People. 'The Iban are a riverine people, whose main areas of settlement in Sarawak are along the Saribas, Batang Lupar and Rejang river systems of the Second, Third, Sixth and Seventh Divisions. The 1985 census for Sarawak gives the Iban population at some 439,000 individuals which represents almost 30 percent of the total state population.' §REF§Davison, Julian, and Vinson H. Sutlive 1991. “Children Of Nising: Images Of Headhunting And Male Sexuality In Iban Ritual And Oral Literature”, 158§REF§ 'There were approximately 400,000 Iban in the state of Sarawak in 1989 (368,208 in 1980). Reliable figures for Kalimantan, the Indonesian part of the island, are unavailable.' §REF§Vinson H. Sutlive, Jr. and John Beierle: eHRAF Cultural Summary for the Iban§REF§ Detailed reliable figures are hard to obtain due to frequent migrations among Iban communities. For the early days of Brooke Raj rule and the first punitive expeditions, reliable demographic data are equally unavailable, given the superficial reach of Sultanate authority (see pre-colonial Iban sheet)." }, { "id": 361, "polity": { "id": 49, "name": "id_kediri_k", "long_name": "Kediri Kingdom", "start_year": 1049, "end_year": 1222 }, "year_from": 1100, "year_to": 1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 200000, "polity_population_to": 300000, "comment": null, "description": " People.<br>Estimates for Indonesia (less West New Guinea): 4.0m in 1100 CE. 4.5m in 1200 CE§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 196-201) McEvedy, Colin. Jones, Richard. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Penguin Books Ltd. London.§REF§<br>Total area of Indonesia (less West New Guinea) 1,500,000 km2.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 196-201) McEvedy, Colin. Jones, Richard. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Penguin Books Ltd. London.§REF§<br>On the basis of territorial extent, Kediri, which was 50,000-70,000 km2 may have had 3-5% of the Indonesian population. 200,000 in 1100 CE, 225,000 in 120,000 CE. Will use these figures for the bottom end of a range that assumes this well-organized polity was more density populated than surrounding regions." }, { "id": 362, "polity": { "id": 49, "name": "id_kediri_k", "long_name": "Kediri Kingdom", "start_year": 1049, "end_year": 1222 }, "year_from": 1200, "year_to": 1200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 250000, "polity_population_to": 350000, "comment": null, "description": " People.<br>Estimates for Indonesia (less West New Guinea): 4.0m in 1100 CE. 4.5m in 1200 CE§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 196-201) McEvedy, Colin. Jones, Richard. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Penguin Books Ltd. London.§REF§<br>Total area of Indonesia (less West New Guinea) 1,500,000 km2.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 196-201) McEvedy, Colin. Jones, Richard. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Penguin Books Ltd. London.§REF§<br>On the basis of territorial extent, Kediri, which was 50,000-70,000 km2 may have had 3-5% of the Indonesian population. 200,000 in 1100 CE, 225,000 in 120,000 CE. Will use these figures for the bottom end of a range that assumes this well-organized polity was more density populated than surrounding regions." }, { "id": 363, "polity": { "id": 50, "name": "id_majapahit_k", "long_name": "Majapahit Kingdom", "start_year": 1292, "end_year": 1518 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 5000000, "polity_population_to": 5000000, "comment": null, "description": " People. Based on MacDonald's estimate. §REF§(Christie 1991, 29)§REF§" }, { "id": 364, "polity": { "id": 51, "name": "id_mataram_k", "long_name": "Mataram Sultanate", "start_year": 1568, "end_year": 1755 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 3000000, "polity_population_to": 3500000, "comment": null, "description": " People.<br>density of 30 people per km2.§REF§(Reid in Tarling 1993, 463)§REF§ -- was 4 million code the estimate made by the source or a calculation done by RA on basis of a polity area estimate?<br>Highest figure we get from a maximum polity territory of 110,000 at 30 per km2 is 3.3m.<br>" }, { "id": 365, "polity": { "id": 48, "name": "id_medang_k", "long_name": "Medang Kingdom", "start_year": 732, "end_year": 1019 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 250000, "polity_population_to": 350000, "comment": null, "description": " People.<br>Estimates for Indonesia (less West New Guinea): 2.8m in 700 CE, 3.0m in 800 CE, 3.4m in 900 CE, 3.75m in 1000 CE.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 196-201) McEvedy, Colin. Jones, Richard. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Penguin Books Ltd. London.§REF§<br>Majority of area of Indonesia at this time covered by Srivijaya.<a href=\"http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/seasia/xsrivijaya.html\">EXTERNAL_INLINE_LINK: http://www.zum.de/whkmla/region/seasia/xsrivijaya.html </a> Total area of Indonesia (less West New Guinea) 1,500,000 km2.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 196-201) McEvedy, Colin. Jones, Richard. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Penguin Books Ltd. London.§REF§ Medang had about 10% of this area. On basis of area we could estimate for Medang: 280,000 in 700 CE, 300,000 in 800 CE, 340,000 in 900 CE, 375,000 in 1000 CE." }, { "id": 366, "polity": { "id": 103, "name": "il_canaan", "long_name": "Canaan", "start_year": -2000, "end_year": -1175 }, "year_from": -2000, "year_to": -1551, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 5000, "polity_population_to": 40000, "comment": null, "description": " People, in a single polity. Estimate in the Middle Bronze Age taken from Finkelstein's estimate of the Canaanite \"territorial units\" (i.e. polities),§REF§Finkelstein (1992:211)§REF§ §REF§cf. Burke (2004:267).§REF§ with the upper boundary arbitrarily increased by 30% to account for methodological critiques of the estimating method. Finkelstein estimates his populations based on ground surveys of pottery remains and an assumed population density of 250 people per built-up hectare. However, the suitability of this assumption is not a given. \"Some of the densities recently put forward for area coefficients have been based on unwalled, premodern villages…. How similar is such a village to a walled Bronze or Iron Age town or city? Although this is not a case of comparing apples and oranges (more like oranges and grapefruit), it seems probable that the economic constraints of building a defensive system put a permanent physical limit on the settlement area,\" leading to higher population densities.§REF§Zorn (1994:33)§REF§ \"…the density coefficients employed by various population estimates of the Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Byzantine Period in the southern Levant using a figure of about 200-250 persons per hectare have been based upon data from observations in the old quarters of various Middle Eastern cities, towns, and villages in Iraq, Iran, and Syria (Finkelstein 1996; Broshi and Gophna 1986; Broshi 1979; Hassan 1981:66). Rather than assign an arbitrary density coefficient derived from a vastly different time period and culture, then simply applied to the overall measure of a settlement, more precise means should be used when seeking an accurate population estimate.… Basing a population estimate on the number houses, size of houses, members per household, and residential area of a site is essential for an accurate estimate because these figures can vary widely between sites, regions, and time periods.\"§REF§Kennedy (2013:12).§REF§<br>The upper bound in the Late Bronze Age is taken from Kennedy's estimate of Hazor (2013:328), increased by c. 20% to account for the built-up settlements within Hazor's territory but outside of Hazor proper.§REF§Cf. Finkelstein (1992:211)§REF§ There are several other population estimates that are significantly smaller, but I judge them to be less convincing. \"In northern Canaan, there was an apparent trend of urbanization in the region of southern Lebanon between the Middle Bronze Age and the Late Bronze Age—the larger sites stayed occupied while some of the smaller sites became unoccupied in Late Bronze I (Marfoe 1998: 170).4 This may indicate an urbanization of the region rather than depopulation, and could be reflective of Canaan as a whole. The rise of city-states, known definitively from the Amarna Letters, could account for this demographic trend of urbanization.5 Yet, broad conclusions about the Late Bronze Age from limited archaeological data and studies have been drawn that claim the Late Bronze Age was a period of demographic decline and even increased nomadism.\"§REF§Kennedy (2013:3).§REF§" }, { "id": 367, "polity": { "id": 103, "name": "il_canaan", "long_name": "Canaan", "start_year": -2000, "end_year": -1175 }, "year_from": -1550, "year_to": -1175, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 5000, "polity_population_to": 60000, "comment": null, "description": " People, in a single polity. Estimate in the Middle Bronze Age taken from Finkelstein's estimate of the Canaanite \"territorial units\" (i.e. polities),§REF§Finkelstein (1992:211)§REF§ §REF§cf. Burke (2004:267).§REF§ with the upper boundary arbitrarily increased by 30% to account for methodological critiques of the estimating method. Finkelstein estimates his populations based on ground surveys of pottery remains and an assumed population density of 250 people per built-up hectare. However, the suitability of this assumption is not a given. \"Some of the densities recently put forward for area coefficients have been based on unwalled, premodern villages…. How similar is such a village to a walled Bronze or Iron Age town or city? Although this is not a case of comparing apples and oranges (more like oranges and grapefruit), it seems probable that the economic constraints of building a defensive system put a permanent physical limit on the settlement area,\" leading to higher population densities.§REF§Zorn (1994:33)§REF§ \"…the density coefficients employed by various population estimates of the Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Byzantine Period in the southern Levant using a figure of about 200-250 persons per hectare have been based upon data from observations in the old quarters of various Middle Eastern cities, towns, and villages in Iraq, Iran, and Syria (Finkelstein 1996; Broshi and Gophna 1986; Broshi 1979; Hassan 1981:66). Rather than assign an arbitrary density coefficient derived from a vastly different time period and culture, then simply applied to the overall measure of a settlement, more precise means should be used when seeking an accurate population estimate.… Basing a population estimate on the number houses, size of houses, members per household, and residential area of a site is essential for an accurate estimate because these figures can vary widely between sites, regions, and time periods.\"§REF§Kennedy (2013:12).§REF§<br>The upper bound in the Late Bronze Age is taken from Kennedy's estimate of Hazor (2013:328), increased by c. 20% to account for the built-up settlements within Hazor's territory but outside of Hazor proper.§REF§Cf. Finkelstein (1992:211)§REF§ There are several other population estimates that are significantly smaller, but I judge them to be less convincing. \"In northern Canaan, there was an apparent trend of urbanization in the region of southern Lebanon between the Middle Bronze Age and the Late Bronze Age—the larger sites stayed occupied while some of the smaller sites became unoccupied in Late Bronze I (Marfoe 1998: 170).4 This may indicate an urbanization of the region rather than depopulation, and could be reflective of Canaan as a whole. The rise of city-states, known definitively from the Amarna Letters, could account for this demographic trend of urbanization.5 Yet, broad conclusions about the Late Bronze Age from limited archaeological data and studies have been drawn that claim the Late Bronze Age was a period of demographic decline and even increased nomadism.\"§REF§Kennedy (2013:3).§REF§" }, { "id": 368, "polity": { "id": 105, "name": "il_yisrael", "long_name": "Yisrael", "start_year": -1030, "end_year": -722 }, "year_from": -1030, "year_to": -1000, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 40000, "polity_population_to": 50000, "comment": null, "description": " People.<br>\"The central hill country—between the Jezreel and the Beer-sheba Valleys—is well known archaeologically from both excavations and intensive survey projects. The surveys, mainly those conducted in the 1980s, revealed a massive wave of settlement that swept throughout this region in the Iron I (Finkelstein 1988; 1995; Zertal 1994; Ofer 1994). The main concentration of sites can be found in the northern part of this region, between Jerusalem and the Jezreel Valley. The settlement process may have started in the final phase of the Late Bronze Age (the late thirteenth or early twelfth centuries b.c.e.), accelerated in the early Iron I (the late twelfth to mid-eleventh century), and reached its peak in the late Iron I (the late eleventh and first half of the tenth centuries b.c.e.). In the late Iron I there were approximately 250 sites in this area (compared to ca. 30 sites in the Late Bronze Age), with a total built-up area that can be estimated at roughly 220 hectares (ca. 50 hectares in the Late Bronze Age). Using the broadly accepted, average density coefficient of two hundred people living on one built-up hectare in premodern societies, the late Iron I population can be estimated at circa 45,000 people.\"§REF§Finkelstein (2013:37-38)§REF§<br>\"Estimation of population is based on the results of surface surveys; if done properly, the collection of pottery sherds at a given site can shed light on the size of the site in every period of habitation. Accordingly, one can draw a settlement map for a given period with all sites, classified according to size, and compute the total built-up area. Deploying a density coefficient (number of people living on one built-up hectare in premodern, traditional towns and villages), it is possible to reach the total number of inhabitants. The population of [the Northern Kingdom of] Israel on both sides of the Jordan River in its peak prosperity in the middle of the eighth century can accordingly be estimated at 350,000—three times larger than the population of Judah of that time (Broshi and Finkelstein 1992).\"§REF§Finkelstein (2013:109-110)§REF§<br>It should be noted that these estimates are highly speculative, and there is reason to believe that they underestimate the true population by a considerable amount. \"Some of the densities recently put forward for area coefficients have been based on unwalled, premodern villages…. How similar is such a village to a walled Bronze or Iron Age town or city? Although this is not a case of comparing apples and oranges (more like oranges and grapefruit), it seems probable that the economic constraints of building a defensive system put a permanent physical limit on the settlement area,\" leading to higher population densities.§REF§Zorn (1994:33)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 369, "polity": { "id": 105, "name": "il_yisrael", "long_name": "Yisrael", "start_year": -1030, "end_year": -722 }, "year_from": -900, "year_to": -900, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 50000, "polity_population_to": 300000, "comment": null, "description": " People.<br>\"The central hill country—between the Jezreel and the Beer-sheba Valleys—is well known archaeologically from both excavations and intensive survey projects. The surveys, mainly those conducted in the 1980s, revealed a massive wave of settlement that swept throughout this region in the Iron I (Finkelstein 1988; 1995; Zertal 1994; Ofer 1994). The main concentration of sites can be found in the northern part of this region, between Jerusalem and the Jezreel Valley. The settlement process may have started in the final phase of the Late Bronze Age (the late thirteenth or early twelfth centuries b.c.e.), accelerated in the early Iron I (the late twelfth to mid-eleventh century), and reached its peak in the late Iron I (the late eleventh and first half of the tenth centuries b.c.e.). In the late Iron I there were approximately 250 sites in this area (compared to ca. 30 sites in the Late Bronze Age), with a total built-up area that can be estimated at roughly 220 hectares (ca. 50 hectares in the Late Bronze Age). Using the broadly accepted, average density coefficient of two hundred people living on one built-up hectare in premodern societies, the late Iron I population can be estimated at circa 45,000 people.\"§REF§Finkelstein (2013:37-38)§REF§<br>\"Estimation of population is based on the results of surface surveys; if done properly, the collection of pottery sherds at a given site can shed light on the size of the site in every period of habitation. Accordingly, one can draw a settlement map for a given period with all sites, classified according to size, and compute the total built-up area. Deploying a density coefficient (number of people living on one built-up hectare in premodern, traditional towns and villages), it is possible to reach the total number of inhabitants. The population of [the Northern Kingdom of] Israel on both sides of the Jordan River in its peak prosperity in the middle of the eighth century can accordingly be estimated at 350,000—three times larger than the population of Judah of that time (Broshi and Finkelstein 1992).\"§REF§Finkelstein (2013:109-110)§REF§<br>It should be noted that these estimates are highly speculative, and there is reason to believe that they underestimate the true population by a considerable amount. \"Some of the densities recently put forward for area coefficients have been based on unwalled, premodern villages…. How similar is such a village to a walled Bronze or Iron Age town or city? Although this is not a case of comparing apples and oranges (more like oranges and grapefruit), it seems probable that the economic constraints of building a defensive system put a permanent physical limit on the settlement area,\" leading to higher population densities.§REF§Zorn (1994:33)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 370, "polity": { "id": 105, "name": "il_yisrael", "long_name": "Yisrael", "start_year": -1030, "end_year": -722 }, "year_from": -800, "year_to": -722, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 300000, "polity_population_to": 400000, "comment": null, "description": " People.<br>\"The central hill country—between the Jezreel and the Beer-sheba Valleys—is well known archaeologically from both excavations and intensive survey projects. The surveys, mainly those conducted in the 1980s, revealed a massive wave of settlement that swept throughout this region in the Iron I (Finkelstein 1988; 1995; Zertal 1994; Ofer 1994). The main concentration of sites can be found in the northern part of this region, between Jerusalem and the Jezreel Valley. The settlement process may have started in the final phase of the Late Bronze Age (the late thirteenth or early twelfth centuries b.c.e.), accelerated in the early Iron I (the late twelfth to mid-eleventh century), and reached its peak in the late Iron I (the late eleventh and first half of the tenth centuries b.c.e.). In the late Iron I there were approximately 250 sites in this area (compared to ca. 30 sites in the Late Bronze Age), with a total built-up area that can be estimated at roughly 220 hectares (ca. 50 hectares in the Late Bronze Age). Using the broadly accepted, average density coefficient of two hundred people living on one built-up hectare in premodern societies, the late Iron I population can be estimated at circa 45,000 people.\"§REF§Finkelstein (2013:37-38)§REF§<br>\"Estimation of population is based on the results of surface surveys; if done properly, the collection of pottery sherds at a given site can shed light on the size of the site in every period of habitation. Accordingly, one can draw a settlement map for a given period with all sites, classified according to size, and compute the total built-up area. Deploying a density coefficient (number of people living on one built-up hectare in premodern, traditional towns and villages), it is possible to reach the total number of inhabitants. The population of [the Northern Kingdom of] Israel on both sides of the Jordan River in its peak prosperity in the middle of the eighth century can accordingly be estimated at 350,000—three times larger than the population of Judah of that time (Broshi and Finkelstein 1992).\"§REF§Finkelstein (2013:109-110)§REF§<br>It should be noted that these estimates are highly speculative, and there is reason to believe that they underestimate the true population by a considerable amount. \"Some of the densities recently put forward for area coefficients have been based on unwalled, premodern villages…. How similar is such a village to a walled Bronze or Iron Age town or city? Although this is not a case of comparing apples and oranges (more like oranges and grapefruit), it seems probable that the economic constraints of building a defensive system put a permanent physical limit on the settlement area,\" leading to higher population densities.§REF§Zorn (1994:33)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 371, "polity": { "id": 92, "name": "in_badami_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Badami", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 753 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 550000, "polity_population_to": 6500000, "comment": null, "description": " People.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 182-185) McEvedy, Colin. Jones, Richard. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Penguin Books Ltd. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 372, "polity": { "id": 94, "name": "in_kalyani_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Kalyani", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1189 }, "year_from": 1000, "year_to": 1000, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 7000000, "polity_population_to": 8000000, "comment": null, "description": " People.<br><i>ET: By 200 BC 30 million on the Indian Subcontinent, 20 million (40%) in Ganges basin. \"The next fifteen hundred years consolidated without significantly altering this pattern.\"§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 182-185) McEvedy, Colin. Jones, Richard. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Penguin Books Ltd. London.§REF§ McEvedy and Jones estimated for Pakistan, India and Bangladesh 77m for 1000 CE, 80m for 1100 CE. If the proportion within the Ganges basin remained the same (40%) that leaves for the rest of the Indian Subcontinent: 46.2m for 1000 CE, 48 for 1100 CE. Pakistan contains the Indus valley which presumably also was densely populated. If we assume the fertile Indus valley contained the majority (50% population?) of the remaining population, whilst respecting the claim that \"the demographic centre of the country\" was the Gangetic provinces (so Indus probably does not hold much more than 50% of the non-Gangetic population) that leaves for the remaining areas: 23.1m for 1000 CE, 24m for 1100 CE. The remaining area left covers 2,000,000 km2 and the polity of about 650,000 KM2 covered about 33% of this area. So, assuming an even distribution of population across the remaining landmass, a population magnitude estimate would be: 7.6m for 1000 CE, 7.9m for 1100 CE. According to maps of 800-900 CE§REF§geacron.com§REF§ there were about 6-7 other polities in the remaining region during the same time period.</i><br>" } ] }