Polity Population List
A viewset for viewing and editing Polity Populations.
GET /api/sc/polity-populations/?format=api&page=12
{ "count": 577, "next": null, "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/polity-populations/?format=api&page=11", "results": [ { "id": 828, "polity": { "id": 17, "name": "us_hawaii_1", "long_name": "Hawaii I", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "It is not clear what the population of a ‘typical’ polity in this quasi-polity would be. The following may also be relevant: Kirch§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 288.§REF§ provides population estimates for the western region of the Big Island. It had a small population from 800CE to 1200Ce, then very fast growth from 1200CE to 1600CE, then some decline. The population of the entire archipelago was probably not more than 20,000 by 1100 CE§REF§Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks: An Introduction to Hawaiian Archaeology and Prehistory. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 302.§REF§. The founding population was probably between 20 and 100 persons §REF§Kirch, P. V. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley: University of California Press. Pg. 129.§REF§." }, { "id": 829, "polity": { "id": 471, "name": "cn_hmong_2", "long_name": "Hmong - Early Chinese", "start_year": 1895, "end_year": 1941 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People. The Hmong inhabited several Chinese provinces. Reliable demographic figures seem to be available only for the post-1950 period: 'The various Miao groups are for the most part an unstratified agricultural people found in the uplands of several provinces of China and related to the Hmong of Southeast Asia. They are distinguished by language, dress, historical traditions, and cultural practice from neighboring ethnic groups and the dominant Han Chinese. They are not culturally homogeneous and the differences between local Miao cultures are often as great as between Miao and non-Miao neighbors. The term \"Miao\" is Chinese, and means \"weeds\" or \"sprouts.\" [The following figures refer to the present; comment by RA:] About half of China’s Miao are located in Guizhou Province. Another 34 percent are evenly divided between Yunnan Province and western Hunan Province. The remainder are mainly found in Sichuan and Guangxi, with a small number in Guangdong and Hainan. Some of the latter may have been resettled there during the Qing dynasty. The wide dispersion makes it difficult to generalize about ecological settings. Miao settlements are found anywhere from a few hundred meters above sea level to elevations of 1,400 meters or more. The largest number are uplands people, often living at elevations over 1,200 meters and located at some distance from urban centers or the lowlands and river valleys where the Han are concentrated. Often, these upland villages and hamlets are interspersed with those of other minorities such as Yao, Dong, Zhuang, Yi, Hui, and Bouyei.' §REF§Diamond, Norma: eHRAF Cultural Summary for the Miao§REF§ Some authors claim periodic decreases in populaton size for the rural Hmong population and report inconsistencies in the self-reporting of settled territory: 'The area of the Sheng Miao, according to their exaggerated account, extends to 9,000 li, but actually the area is about 200 /sq./ li in length and width. It is a mountainous area, the highest peak at Teng-k'ung-ming-t'ang being 2,000 meters, and the total population about 10,000. The writer has visited altogether 101 Sheng Miao villages of all sizes, the largest being Chia-lu, Chia-mien, Chia-ya, Chia-lung, Chia-wêng, Cheng-yu, Tang-wêng and Chüeh-ts'ai-p'ing, with about 100 families in each. Even today they do not have a single market fair within the area and this shows how circumscribed is the sphere of their economic activity. Their only means of livelihood is agriculture. Almost all the fields are terraced according to natural topography, rising from the bottom of the slope to the top in several hundred layers. The shape of the field is long and narrow, producing rice, wheat, corn and barley. [...] Being in direct contact with them, the writer could watch at close quarters their extremely miserable conditions, which are pitiable indeed. Because of their ignorance they do not know how to save or to improve the method of production. In case of famine they cannot escape starvation, which is the most important reason for the decrease in their population.' §REF§Che-lin, Wu, Chen Kuo-chün, and Lien-en Tsao 1942. “Studies Of Miao-I Societies In Kweichow”, 73§REF§ There are inconsistencies in the numbers of various Maio sub-groups as reported by different ethnographers: 'The particular group described herewith was visited by the writer in 1943 on an ethnographic survey of southern Szechuan. It is one of those designated collectively but inaccurately by Graham (1937) as the Ch'uan Miao. They call themselves Hmong Ntsu and are known to the Chinese as the Yachio Miao or “Magpie Miao,” or alternatively as the Han Miao or “Sinicized Miao.” They number about 10,000 and live interspersed among the Han Chinese in the mountainous region around the headwaters of the Yungning River in southern Szechuan on the borders of Kweichow and Yunnan provinces (28° to 29° N and 105° to 106° E). The writer has previously published two papers (Ruey, 1949 and 1954) on the kinship system of this group.' §REF§Rui, Yifu 1960. “Magpie Miao Of Southern Szechuan”, 144§REF§ 'It is estimated that the number of Ch'uan Miao people is about 150,000. In Szechwan Province, they are found as far north as Kung Hsien □ and Ch'ang Ning □ and about 100 li east of Yung Ning □. They extend a short distance into the northeastern tip of Kweichow, south in Yunnan as far as Ta Kuan □ and below Cheng Hsiung, and a short distance westward toward Hsü Kiang □. They do not live in villages, towns, or cities but are interspersed among a much larger population of Chinese who live in the towns and cities and in many of the farmhouses.' §REF§Graham, David Crockett 1954. “Songs And Stories Of The Ch’Uan Miao\", 1§REF§" }, { "id": 830, "polity": { "id": 478, "name": "iq_isin_larsa", "long_name": "Isin-Larsa", "start_year": -2004, "end_year": -1763 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. \"Despite these changes, the total number of inhabitants and the relations between cities and villages remained roughly the same [as in the Ur III period].\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/7DRZQS5Q\">[Liverani_Tabatabai 2014, p. 186]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 831, "polity": { "id": 138, "name": "jp_jomon_1", "long_name": "Japan - Incipient Jomon", "start_year": -13600, "end_year": -9200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. 21,900 <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/66A6GLSM\">[Kidder 2007, p. 61]</a> estimate for entire region, unclear how many were in this quasi-polity", "description": null }, { "id": 832, "polity": { "id": 139, "name": "jp_jomon_2", "long_name": "Japan - Initial Jomon", "start_year": -9200, "end_year": -5300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. 20,100 <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F9RRA59H\">[Habu 2004, pp. 46-50]</a> estimate for entire region, unclear how many were in this quasi-polity", "description": null }, { "id": 833, "polity": { "id": 141, "name": "jp_jomon_4", "long_name": "Japan - Middle Jomon", "start_year": -3500, "end_year": -2500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>261,300 <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F9RRA59H\">[Habu 2004, pp. 46-50]</a> estimate for entire region, unclear how many were in this quasi-polity", "description": null }, { "id": 834, "polity": { "id": 123, "name": "pk_kachi_post_urban", "long_name": "Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period", "start_year": -1800, "end_year": -1300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "Cannot be estimated as it is not known how far the cultural group extended, nor how cohesive the group was.§REF§Jarrige, J-F. (1997) From Nausharo to Pirak: Continuity and Change in the Kachi/Bolan Region from the 3rd to the 2nd Millennium BC. In, Allchin, R. and Allchin, B. (eds) South Asian Archaeology, 1995, volume I. The Ancient India and Iran Trust, Cambridge., pp 11-32.; Jarrige, J-F. (2000) Continuity and Change in the North Kachi Plain (Baluchistan, Pakistan) at the beginning of the Second Millennium BC. In, Lahiri, N. The Decline and Fall of the Indus Civilization. Permanent Black, Delhi., pp345-362.§REF§" }, { "id": 835, "polity": { "id": 160, "name": "tr_konya_eba", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "average of polity within zone needed", "description": null }, { "id": 836, "polity": { "id": 159, "name": "tr_konya_lca", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic", "start_year": -5500, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "unknown<br>Based on the size of the settlement and the number of households, it is possible to estimate the largest populations in this period. Based on the calculations, it can be said that Can Hasan was populated by about 2564-3846 people during the Middle and Late Chalcolithic period. We should be aware that not necessarily the whole area was occupied at this time.", "description": null }, { "id": 837, "polity": { "id": 179, "name": "it_latium_ba", "long_name": "Latium - Bronze Age", "start_year": -1800, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "Cornell writes that \"the population was relatively sparse\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/23DHPZIG\">[Cornell 1995, p. 32]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 838, "polity": { "id": 420, "name": "cn_longshan", "long_name": "Longshan", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. Unknown. \"More information on spatial and chronological relations of features at sites needs to be obtained before estimates of population can be made.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/YM57MR5F\">[Underhill_Peregrine_Ember 2001, p. 157]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 839, "polity": { "id": 485, "name": "ir_susiana_pre_ceramic", "long_name": "Pre-Ceramic Period", "start_year": -7800, "end_year": -7200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>According to Mortensen early villages may have clustered together, \"each group widely separated from the next.\" Examples in Susiana: Chogha Bonut, Boneh Favili, and Chogha Mish. Why? \"it would have been difficult for the inhabitants of a village of one hundred or so persons to supply marriable pairs continually; thus marriage partners must have been supplied from outside. Among people today who live at low density, the figure of five hundred comes up as the minimum size necessary to maintain a viable social system. (Birdsell 1973:337-38; Wobst 1974).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2V3A89C3\">[Johnson_Alden_Hole 1987, p. 83]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 840, "polity": { "id": 60, "name": "gr_crete_pre_palace", "long_name": "Prepalatial Crete", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "people.", "description": null }, { "id": 841, "polity": { "id": 194, "name": "ru_sakha_early", "long_name": "Sakha - Early", "start_year": 1400, "end_year": 1632 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People. Even in the Russian period, Sakha province was sparsely populated: 'The population to the north of the Verkhoyansk Ridge is very small. This region has only 0.01 man to a quadratic mile, or 1 man to 100 square miles. Settlements are confined to the river valleys and the shores of large lakes abounding in fish. The tundra dweller of Siberia seldom settles on the seacoast or on the adjacent islands, as do the American Eskimo. Since off shore the sea is quite shallow the hunting of sea mammals has not been developed; for instance, the ocean between the mouth of the Kolyma River and the Sviatoi Nos to the west is only seven meters deep at a distance of ten or twenty miles from shore. West of the Chukchee are no sea-going peoples and no skin boats. Late in the fall, when snowstorms begin to rage on the tundra, the nomadic natives wander southward to the protection of the forests.' §REF§Jochelson, Waldemar 1933. “Yakut”, 73§REF§ Due to economic hardships the total Sakha population may have decreased during the early Russian period: 'These circumstances undoubtedly discourage the activity of the Yakut, who no longer endeavors to procure wealth, because it is the likeliest means of making him the object of persecution. Thus property, tranquillity, and population decrease. The princes or chiefs dwelling near towns acquire their luxuries, and oppress their dependant tribes to procure wine and brandy in addition to their koumis: this was never known among them till the year 1785. I will farther add, that in 1784 the district of Gigansk produced 4834 tributary natives; but in 1789 their number amounted only to 1938. Mr. Bonnar, the captain of the district of Zashiversk, told me, that the tributary nations in his circle amounted to only half the number that they were five years ago and that these were very poor indeed.”' §REF§Sauer, Martin 1802. “Account Of A Geographical And Astronomical Expedition To The Northern Parts Of Russia By Commodore Joseph Billings, In The Years 1785-1794”, 112p§REF§ Prior to Russian rule, the Sakha and other Siberian peoples employed a decentralized clan system. Furthermore, they were pastoralists. This makes the identification of demographic proxies for the population of a 'typical' quasi-polity more difficult." }, { "id": 842, "polity": { "id": 195, "name": "ru_sakha_late", "long_name": "Sakha - Late", "start_year": 1632, "end_year": 1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People. Yakutsk province was sparsely populated: 'The population to the north of the Verkhoyansk Ridge is very small. This region has only 0.01 man to a quadratic mile, or 1 man to 100 square miles. Settlements are confined to the river valleys and the shores of large lakes abounding in fish. The tundra dweller of Siberia seldom settles on the seacoast or on the adjacent islands, as do the American Eskimo. Since off shore the sea is quite shallow the hunting of sea mammals has not been developed; for instance, the ocean between the mouth of the Kolyma River and the Sviatoi Nos to the west is only seven meters deep at a distance of ten or twenty miles from shore. West of the Chukchee are no sea-going peoples and no skin boats. Late in the fall, when snowstorms begin to rage on the tundra, the nomadic natives wander southward to the protection of the forests.' §REF§Jochelson, Waldemar 1933. “Yakut”, 73§REF§ During the Russian period, settlers entered the province: 'The influx of Russian peasants (particularly along the Lena Valley on account of the construction of the mail route in 1773) created the right conditions for mutual influence between Russian and Yakut cultural elements. By the end of the 17th and 18th centuries, agriculture began to be practiced by the Yakuts, though at first it was a very slow business and Russian-type houses began to appear. Nevertheless, even in the 19th century the number of Russian settlers was comparatively small.' §REF§Tokarev, S. A., and Gurvich I. S. 1964. “Yakuts”, 247§REF§ Due to economic hardships the Sakha population may have decreased during that period: 'These circumstances undoubtedly discourage the activity of the Yakut, who no longer endeavors to procure wealth, because it is the likeliest means of making him the object of persecution. Thus property, tranquillity, and population decrease. The princes or chiefs dwelling near towns acquire their luxuries, and oppress their dependant tribes to procure wine and brandy in addition to their koumis: this was never known among them till the year 1785. I will farther add, that in 1784 the district of Gigansk produced 4834 tributary natives; but in 1789 their number amounted only to 1938. Mr. Bonnar, the captain of the district of Zashiversk, told me, that the tributary nations in his circle amounted to only half the number that they were five years ago and that these were very poor indeed.”' §REF§Sauer, Martin 1802. “Account Of A Geographical And Astronomical Expedition To The Northern Parts Of Russia By Commodore Joseph Billings, In The Years 1785-1794”, 112p§REF§ Unfortunately, Sauer does not seem to provide figures for the entirety of the province, and neither for individual clans." }, { "id": 843, "polity": { "id": 439, "name": "mn_shiwei", "long_name": "Shiwei", "start_year": 600, "end_year": 1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People. \"Sources based on Mongol oral history, however, use the term Tatar only for a particular tribe in the modern Hulun Buir area of northeast Inner Mongolia. The Tatars, even in this narrow sense, numbered 70,000 households according to RASHID-UD-DIN FAZL-ULLAH.\" §REF§(Atwood 2004, 529)§REF§ 70,000 households could imply around 350,000 inhabitants if each household has around 5 members." }, { "id": 844, "polity": { "id": 197, "name": "ec_shuar_2", "long_name": "Shuar - Ecuadorian", "start_year": 1831, "end_year": 1931 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People. Up de Graff did not manage to provide a reliable estimate of population size: '“A few words about this tribe will not come amiss, as they played such an important part in our personal history during our search for the Inca gold, and are, indeed, one of the only six known head-hunting tribes of the Amazon zone, grouped under the common name Jívaros, the others (all their enemies) being the Huambizas or Pantecunas, the Aguarunas, the Muratos and the Zaparos. To form an estimate of the relative strengths of these peoples is more than I dare attempt; their migratory habits and their custom of living in small scattered settlements hidden in the dense jungle makes it an impossible task. Indeed, one of the main points of their policy is to conceal from one another not only their whereabouts but also their fighting strength, even going so far as never to use the same trail twice, if possible, in approaching their homes. For these reasons an air of complete mystery surrounds the whole region, [193] and the casual white invader stands no chance of obtaining accurate statistics.”' §REF§Up de Graff, d., Fritz W. 1923. “Head Hunters Of The Amazon: Seven Years Of Exploration And Adventure\", 192p§REF§ Jivaro political organization was fluid and decentralized. We therefore cannot confidently provide realiable proxy measures for a 'typical' quasi-polity." }, { "id": 845, "polity": { "id": 494, "name": "ir_susa_3", "long_name": "Susa III", "start_year": -3100, "end_year": -2675 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>\"excessively rapid urbanization of the mountain heartland\" plateau in Fars followed by collapse and possible reversion to nomadism. Anshan, Tepe Sialk and Tepe Yahya also abandoned. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/MJBZDHTU\">[Louvre 1992, p. 5]</a> \"During the early third millennium B.C., the Susa III Period was marked by a population minumum in the Susiana Plain.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2V3A89C3\">[Johnson_Alden_Hole 1987, p. 157]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 846, "polity": { "id": 487, "name": "ir_susiana_archaic", "long_name": "Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -6000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>According to Mortensen early villages may have clustered together, \"each group widely separated from the next.\" Examples in Susiana: Chogha Bonut, Boneh Favili, and Chogha Mish. Why? \"it would have been difficult for the inhabitants of a village of one hundred or so persons to supply marriable pairs continually; thus marriage partners must have been supplied from outside. Among people today who live at low density, the figure of five hundred comes up as the minimum size necessary to maintain a viable social system. (Birdsell 1973:337-38; Wobst 1974).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2V3A89C3\">[Johnson_Alden_Hole 1987, p. 83]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 847, "polity": { "id": 113, "name": "gh_akan", "long_name": "Akan - Pre-Ashanti", "start_year": 1501, "end_year": 1701 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. See above.", "description": null }, { "id": 848, "polity": { "id": 476, "name": "iq_akkad_emp", "long_name": "Akkadian Empire", "start_year": -2270, "end_year": -2083 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "\"In the time of the Akkadian Empire, the population of the region seems to have been less than it was two centuries before, but small rural settlements are hard to detect in surface surveys, and the limited evidence is difficult to interpret.\"§REF§(Foster 2016, 35) Foster, Benjamin R. 2016. The Age of Agade. Inventing Empire In Ancient Mesopotamia. Routledge. London.§REF§<br>According to Adams: \"For the Akkade period there are some curious findings. The villages become repopulated, most likely because of internal controls by means of a chain of police posts meant to guard the safety of the major trade routes. Yet in the south many larger cities dwindle or are abandoned outright (...)Umma, for instance, dwindled in area from more than 400 hectares to somewhere between 200 and 40 hectares, whole the substantial city of Umm-el-Aqarib to the south of it- possible ancient Kit-dingir-was totally abandoned.\"§REF§Adams 1981, XIV§REF§" }, { "id": 849, "polity": { "id": 135, "name": "in_delhi_sultanate", "long_name": "Delhi Sultanate", "start_year": 1206, "end_year": 1526 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "§REF§Grewal, J. S. (2006). The state and society in medieval India (Vol. 7). Oxford University Press, USA, pp. 107.§REF§<br>\"Hindus formed the dominant rural aristocracy, whilst Muslims residing in urban centres had better chances of working in the state's administration.\"§REF§(Ahmed 2011, 106) Ahmed, Farooqui Salma. 2011. A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century. Pearson Education India.§REF§" }, { "id": 850, "polity": { "id": 520, "name": "eg_thebes_hyksos", "long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period", "start_year": -1720, "end_year": -1567 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. Estimate.<br>Need a figure for Upper Egypt under the 16th Dynasty.", "description": null }, { "id": 851, "polity": { "id": 546, "name": "cn_five_dyn", "long_name": "Five Dynasties Period", "start_year": 906, "end_year": 970 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>On conquest of Huai-nan under Kuo Jung \"The population increase for the later Chou may have been as much as thirty percent.\"§REF§(Standen 2009, 128)§REF§" }, { "id": 852, "polity": { "id": 134, "name": "af_ghur_principality", "long_name": "Ghur Principality", "start_year": 1025, "end_year": 1215 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>In 1200 CE: Pakistan + Afghanistan + Upper Ganges/Punjab.", "description": null }, { "id": 853, "polity": { "id": 267, "name": "mn_mongol_emp", "long_name": "Mongol Empire", "start_year": 1206, "end_year": 1270 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "4,250,000 nomads + settled agricultural populations<br>\"Around 1260 the total nomadic population of Central and Inner Asia, all of which was included in the Mongol empire at that time, would have been about 4,250,000. Two fifths of this, or 1.7 million people, would have been found in Outer or Inner Mongolia; one fifth, or 850,000 people, in the Chaghatay realm of Transoxania, Semerichiye and parts of Jungaria and the Tarin Basin; one-fifth in the Juchids' domains in northern Central Asia and the North Caucasian and South Russian steppe; and the remaining fifth in the Middle East with Hulegu.\"§REF§(Wink 2002, 168) Wink, Andre. 2002. Al-Hind: The Slavic Kings and the Islamic conquest, 11th-13th centuries. BRILL.§REF§<br>\"No reliable figures exist, but judging from the number of military units (mingan, q.v., or thousands) mentioned, the sizes of migrations taking place in the early Mongolian age, and recent Mongolian population patterns, it is estimated that there were probably no less than one million Mongols and others living within the confines of the Mongolia of the early 13th century. There may even have been more. After that, the population seems to have declined rapidly and reached a low point in the 14th and 15th centuries.\" §REF§(Buell 2003, 213)§REF§" }, { "id": 854, "polity": { "id": 110, "name": "il_judea", "long_name": "Yehuda", "start_year": -141, "end_year": -63 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>Leibner,§REF§Leibner (2009:319).§REF§ in his archaeological survey of the Southeastern Galilee exclusively, estimates a population of some 10,000 people based on the distribution of pottery fragments, but acknowledges a possible range from 4,000 to 17,000. From the archaeological record, it seems that prior to the Hasmoneans, the Galilee was sparsely settled; the Hasmoneans conquered the territory and began a massive wave of Jewish settlement, suggesting strong demographic pressures within the Judean heartland.§REF§Leibner (2009: 322).§REF§" } ] }