Polity Population List
A viewset for viewing and editing Polity Populations.
GET /api/sc/polity-populations/?format=api&page=11
{ "count": 577, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/polity-populations/?format=api&page=12", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/polity-populations/?format=api&page=10", "results": [ { "id": 777, "polity": { "id": 53, "name": "pa_la_mula_sarigua", "long_name": "La Mula-Sarigua", "start_year": -1300, "end_year": 200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. 'Population estimates are lacking for most of the region, but it seems likelythat the maximum community size prior to 1200 B.P. was no more than a thousand people.' <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6ERS93SR\">[Hoopes_Peregrine_Ember 2001, p. 102]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 778, "polity": { "id": 56, "name": "pa_cocle_3", "long_name": "Late Greater Coclé", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1515 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "Unfortunately, much of the settlement data for Coclé and adjacent regions is inadequate to the task of reconstructing chiefly territories, largely because of a lack of site histories detailing phase-by-phase changes in site size, population, and relative status differences.' <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/KPH8TID4\">[Menzies_Haller 2012, p. 459]</a> Berrey notes that 'systematic, full-coverage regional survey[s]' have now been carried out in two valleys of Central Panama: Río Tonosí (home to the Guaniquito Abajo site) and Río Paritá (home to El Hatillo). <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/3BBP3IWT\">[Berrey 2015, p. 200]</a> Densities of ceramic sherds have been used to produce demographic estimates for these two river valleys for the later 1st millennium BCE, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/3BBP3IWT\">[Berrey 2015, p. 200]</a> but I have not found an estimate of the population of one of the Central Panamanian chiefdoms between 1100 CE and Spanish contact.", "description": null }, { "id": 779, "polity": { "id": 257, "name": "cn_later_qin_dyn", "long_name": "Later Qin Kingdom", "start_year": 386, "end_year": 417 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>\"As north China plunged into chaos during the fourth century, perhaps an eighth of the entire northern Chinese population may have fled to the relative shelter and stability of the south. ... Those people who remained in the north, and who survived, meanwhile huddled behind thousands of improvised local fortifications.\"§REF§(Holcombe 2011, 58-59) Charles Holcombe. 2011. A History of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 780, "polity": { "id": 256, "name": "cn_later_yan_dyn", "long_name": "Later Yan Kingdom", "start_year": 385, "end_year": 409 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>\"As north China plunged into chaos during the fourth century, perhaps an eighth of the entire northern Chinese population may have fled to the relative shelter and stability of the south. ... Those people who remained in the north, and who survived, meanwhile huddled behind thousands of improvised local fortifications.\"§REF§(Holcombe 2011, 58-59) Charles Holcombe. 2011. A History of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 781, "polity": { "id": 329, "name": "es_leon_castille", "long_name": "Leon & Castille", "start_year": 1230, "end_year": 1715 }, "year_from": 1516, "year_to": 1516, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 4500000, "polity_population_to": 4500000, "comment": "People.", "description": null }, { "id": 782, "polity": { "id": 391, "name": "in_maitraka_dyn", "long_name": "Maitraka Dynasty", "start_year": 470, "end_year": 790 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. \"Although it is not possible to estimate figures, the increase in settlements indicates that the population must have grown considerably from the eleventh century onwards.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/FAX3XGR9\">[Sheikh 2003, p. 25]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 783, "polity": { "id": 212, "name": "sd_makuria_k_1", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom I", "start_year": 568, "end_year": 618 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 100000, "polity_population_to": 150000, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>The Meroe Kingdom \"conquered and organized the whole of central Sudan and brought about a third of the Sudanese under their rule. With the total number of Sudanese now approaching 1.5m this meant that the Kingdom of Meroe, as the new state was known, had a population of some 0.5m. It lasted till the 4th century AD, when it broke up into three successor states\".§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 235) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br>Presumably the successor states are Nobadia, Makuria and Alwa and the authors omit the intervening periods.<br>For the borders of North Sudan and South Sudan McEvedy and Jones (1978)§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 237) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§ estimated about 2.25 million for 400 CE, 2.5 million for 600 CE, 2.75 million for 800 CE and 3 million for 1000 CE.<br>The largest population would have been in the most southerly of the successor states where there was a wetter climate, but where little archaeology has been done. The pre-Makuria state was not extensive enough at this early time to control the region that would later become Alwa, and was confined to the Dongola Reach stretch of the Nile river which is sandwiched by desert.<br>An idea of a likely population cap for the Dongola Reach stretch of the Nile might be had by comparison with the more northerly Lower Nubia part.<br>\"The Christian period was a time of rapid economic development in Nubia. The population of northern Nubia was about 50,000. The introduction of sakiya irrigation in the Ptolemaic and Roman periods had enlarged the area under cultivation by watering it between the abundant Nile floods of that time...\"§REF§(Michalowski 1990, 189) K Michalowski. The Spreading of Christianity in Nubia. Muḥammad Jamal al-Din Mokhtar. ed. 1990. UNESCO General History of Africa. Vol. II. Abridged Edition. James Currey. UNESCO. California.§REF§<br>Possibly the Middle Nubia region occupied by Makuria was slightly better for agriculture but surely not by a lot since it also was surrounded by desert. It is difficult to imagine a population of much more than 100,000 people." }, { "id": 784, "polity": { "id": 215, "name": "sd_makuria_k_2", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom II", "start_year": 619, "end_year": 849 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 150000, "polity_population_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": "People. Lower Nubia (50,000?) plus Middle Nile region = 200,000?<br>The Meroe Kingdom \"conquered and organized the whole of central Sudan and brought about a third of the Sudanese under their rule. With the total number of Sudanese now approaching 1.5m this meant that the Kingdom of Meroe, as the new state was known, had a population of some 0.5m. It lasted till the 4th century AD, when it broke up into three successor states\".§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 235) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br>Presumably the successor states are Nobadia, Makuria and Alwa and the authors omit the intervening periods.<br>For the borders of North Sudan and South Sudan McEvedy and Jones (1978)§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 237) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§ estimated about 2.25 million for 400 CE, 2.5 million for 600 CE, 2.75 million for 800 CE and 3 million for 1000 CE.<br>The largest population would have been in the most southerly of the successor states where there was a wetter climate, but where little archaeology has been done. The pre-Makuria state was not extensive enough at this early time to control the region that would later become Alwa, and was confined to the Dongola Reach stretch of the Nile river which is sandwiched by desert.<br>An idea of a likely population cap for the Dongola Reach stretch of the Nile might be had by comparison with the more northerly Lower Nubia part.<br>\"The Christian period was a time of rapid economic development in Nubia. The population of northern Nubia was about 50,000. The introduction of sakiya irrigation in the Ptolemaic and Roman periods had enlarged the area under cultivation by watering it between the abundant Nile floods of that time...\"§REF§(Michalowski 1990, 189) K Michalowski. The Spreading of Christianity in Nubia. Muḥammad Jamal al-Din Mokhtar. ed. 1990. UNESCO General History of Africa. Vol. II. Abridged Edition. James Currey. UNESCO. California.§REF§<br>Possibly the Middle Nubia region occupied by Makuria was slightly better for agriculture but surely not by a lot since it also was surrounded by desert. It is difficult to imagine a population of much more than 100,000 people." }, { "id": 785, "polity": { "id": 219, "name": "sd_makuria_k_3", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom III", "start_year": 850, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 150000, "polity_population_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": "People. Lower Nubia (50,000?) plus Middle Nile region = 200,000?<br>The Meroe Kingdom \"conquered and organized the whole of central Sudan and brought about a third of the Sudanese under their rule. With the total number of Sudanese now approaching 1.5m this meant that the Kingdom of Meroe, as the new state was known, had a population of some 0.5m. It lasted till the 4th century AD, when it broke up into three successor states\".§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 235) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br>Presumably the successor states are Nobadia, Makuria and Alwa and the authors omit the intervening periods.<br>For the borders of North Sudan and South Sudan McEvedy and Jones (1978)§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 237) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§ estimated about 2.25 million for 400 CE, 2.5 million for 600 CE, 2.75 million for 800 CE and 3 million for 1000 CE.<br>The largest population would have been in the most southerly of the successor states where there was a wetter climate, but where little archaeology has been done. The pre-Makuria state was not extensive enough at this early time to control the region that would later become Alwa, and was confined to the Dongola Reach stretch of the Nile river which is sandwiched by desert.<br>An idea of a likely population cap for the Dongola Reach stretch of the Nile might be had by comparison with the more northerly Lower Nubia part.<br>\"The Christian period was a time of rapid economic development in Nubia. The population of northern Nubia was about 50,000. The introduction of sakiya irrigation in the Ptolemaic and Roman periods had enlarged the area under cultivation by watering it between the abundant Nile floods of that time...\"§REF§(Michalowski 1990, 189) K Michalowski. The Spreading of Christianity in Nubia. Muḥammad Jamal al-Din Mokhtar. ed. 1990. UNESCO General History of Africa. Vol. II. Abridged Edition. James Currey. UNESCO. California.§REF§<br>Possibly the Middle Nubia region occupied by Makuria was slightly better for agriculture but surely not by a lot since it also was surrounded by desert. It is difficult to imagine a population of much more than 100,000 people." }, { "id": 786, "polity": { "id": 383, "name": "my_malacca_sultanate", "long_name": "Malacca Sultanate", "start_year": 1396, "end_year": 1511 }, "year_from": 1500, "year_to": 1500, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 500000, "polity_population_to": 1000000, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>Malaysia was an 'under populated' (little more than 400,000) of which 100,000 at least was in Malacca. East Sumatra by 1500 CE had (at least) hamlets along the coast.§REF§(Wilkinson 1935, 26) R J Wilkinson. 1935. The Malacca Sultanate. Malacca Papers. Journal Malayan Branch. Vol. XIII. Part II.§REF§ c1400 CE Malacca was a \"small fishing settlement\" which suggests that before the Malacca polity this was not a densely populated region.§REF§(Koh and Ho 2009, 9) Jaime Koh. Stephanie Ho. 2009. Culture and Customs of Singapore and Malaysia. ABC-CLIO. Santa Barbara.§REF§ At this time the largest population concentration may have been on the island of Java, which is outside the region of this polity: \"the densely populated island of Java remained largely free of cities until the thirteenth century CE.\"§REF§(Stark 2015, 74) Miriam T Stark. Southeast Asian urbanism: from early city to Classical state. Norman Yoffee. ed. 2015. he Cambridge World History, Volume 3. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ An estimate of 0.5-1 million seems reasonable for 1500 CE based on the minimum of Malaysia + Malacca with the addition of whoever else the rest of East Sumatra contained.<br>Malaysia<br> Prior to the nineteenth century the Malay peninsula was \"an under populated region inhabited overwhelmingly by Malays, who were primarily rice cultivators and coastal fishermen, who spoke Malay, which was the lingua franca for most of the island areas of Southeast Asia.\"§REF§(Mauzy 1985) Diane K Mauzy. Language and Language Policy in Malaysia. William R Beer. James E Jacob. eds. 1985. Language Policy and National Unity. Rowman & Allanheld Publishers. Totowa.§REF§<br> McEvedy and Jones (1978) have the population of Malaysia and Singapore 300,000-400,000 over the period 1200-1550 CE.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 201) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br> c1500 CE \"Melaka then housed an urban population of 100,000, in which eighty different languages were spoken by Malays, Chinese, Arabs, Indians, and other ethnicities.\"§REF§(Stark 2015, 74) Miriam T Stark. Southeast Asian urbanism: from early city to Classical state. Norman Yoffee. ed. 2015. he Cambridge World History, Volume 3. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br> c1400 CE Malacca was a \"small fishing settlement\".§REF§(Koh and Ho 2009, 9) Jaime Koh. Stephanie Ho. 2009. Culture and Customs of Singapore and Malaysia. ABC-CLIO. Santa Barbara.§REF§<br>East Coast of Sumatra/Indonesia<br> Hamlets along the coast.§REF§(Wilkinson 1935, 26) R J Wilkinson. 1935. The Malacca Sultanate. Malacca Papers. Journal Malayan Branch. Vol. XIII. Part II.§REF§" }, { "id": 787, "polity": { "id": 209, "name": "ma_mauretania", "long_name": "Mauretania", "start_year": -125, "end_year": 44 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 300000, "polity_population_to": 700000, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>Morocco: 750,000: 100 BCE; 1,000,000: 1 CE.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 223) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§ This estimate may contain the population of the region outside of the Mauretania Kingdom polity, such as the mountain tribes. The population may have consisted mainly of urban centers on or close to the Mediterranean coastline - not much beyond the location of the city Fez.<br> \"Mauretania was a long, narrow territory, - Iol and Volubis are 800 km apart and population in between was scant\".§REF§(Roller 2003 42) Duane W Roller. 2003. The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier. Routledge. New York.§REF§<br> \"Ancient Mauretania, then, extended over 1,600km of coastline but with its populated areas never more than 150km inland, and, especially in the east, was limited to a thin coastal strip and a few small interior valleys.\"§REF§(Roller 2003 44) Duane W Roller. 2003. The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier. Routledge. New York.§REF§<br>Other information<br> \"In Roman times population was heaviest in a line extending almost due south from Tingis, at the Pillars of Herkles, to Volumbis, a strip of approximately 225 km.\"§REF§(Roller 2003 43) Duane W Roller. 2003. The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier. Routledge. New York.§REF§ After this polity.<br> \"This original territory of Mauretania consists of the area from Tingis at the Pillars of Herakles to Volubilis, 225 km to the south, and west 120 km to Sala on the coast. This creates a triangular region of approximately 15,000 sq. km bounded by the Rif on the east, the Atlas foothills on the south and southwest, and the Atlantic on the northwest, described by modern geographers as a peninsular. The district is a fertile coastal plain watered by several rivers flowing toward the Atlantic from sources in the mountains.\"§REF§(Roller 2003 44-45) Duane W Roller. 2003. The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier. Routledge. New York.§REF§" }, { "id": 788, "polity": { "id": 55, "name": "pa_cocle_2", "long_name": "Middle Greater Coclé", "start_year": 700, "end_year": 1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "Unfortunately, much of the settlement data for Coclé and adjacent regions is inadequate to the task of reconstructing chiefly territories, largely because of a lack of site histories detailing phase-by-phase changes in site size, population, and relative status differences.' <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/KPH8TID4\">[Menzies_Haller 2012, p. 459]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 789, "polity": { "id": 52, "name": "pa_monagrillo", "long_name": "Monagrillo", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People. John Hoopes commented that 'to date we only have hints of the forms of Monagrillo structures (tentative dwellings). At best, the Monagrillo people were incipient, \"early Neolithic\" villages (known as \"Early Formative\"), but we don't yet have data to confirm that they were living in settlements larger than hamlets.'§REF§John W. Hoopes 2017, pers. comm. to Jenny Reddish.§REF§" }, { "id": 790, "polity": { "id": 530, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_a", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Early Postclassic", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 8127, "polity_population_to": 10836, "comment": "The overall population of the valley increased during this period, but was divided into numerous (15-20) smaller political entities. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/I9SVGDD2\">[Feinman_et_al 1985, pp. 59-61]</a> The population of the whole valley (based on the total of settlement population estimates) would have been 95,523-229,581 people. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JH54I6Q3\">[Kowalewski_et_al -1]</a> A very coarse estimate of the average polity population is taken as the average between the higher and lower population estimates for the whole valley (162,552 people) divided by 15 and 20 to give a higher and lower range of polity size (10,836 and 8,127 people respectively). The precise numbers for the polity population estimates should not be taken as accurate predictions of polity population size.<br>\"Table 7.1. Monte Alban V sites in Valley of Oaxaca subareas.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZZGPJLTR\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2017, p. 99]</a> Etla: 15404; Central: 20,839; N Valle Grande: 24938; S Valle Grande 23919; W Tlacolula: 41255; E Tlacolula: 40119; Ejutla: 19970; Albarradas: 5416; Sola: 9168.<br> Total: 201,028<br>\"Table 10.1. Population of Late Postclassic polities in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 158]</a> Population 'shatter zone': Coatecas: 3500; Coyotepec: 4600; Eastern Etla: 9900; Ejutla: 4300; El Choco: 4200; El Vergel: 4100; Huitzo: 3500; Ixlahuaca: 5900. Jalieza: 8800; Macuilxochitl: 23400; Matatlan: 3100; Mitla: 23000; Quialana: 5700; Sa'a Yucu: 18800; San Luis Beltran: 3000; San Miguel de Valle: 4200. San Pedro Martir: 16600; Taniche: 5000; Teitipac: 9300; Tlalixtac: 9200; Tlapacoyan: 3300; Tule: 2500; Yagul/Tlacolula: 8300. Zautla/Tejalapan: 2400. Mean size: 7,700. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 158]</a> Don't understand why in the list below this one in the same table for 'Centers/Ethnhnohistory' many of these polities have different, larger populations. There is also a \"Table 10.2. Population of other Late Postclassic polities in highland Oaxaca\" which has an even longer list. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 159]</a> \"Table 11.3. Population in the largest centers, by phase, in Oaxaca and Ejutla.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 183]</a> Valley of Oaxaca population (Largest center in Oaxaca): Tierras Largas: 327 (128); San Jose: 1942 (1384); Guadalupe: 1788 (774); Rosario: 1835 (564); Early I: 14652 (5250); Late I: 51339 (17242); Monte Alban II: 41927 (14492); Monte Alban IIIA: 120121 (16507); Monte Alban IIIB: 78930 (24189); Monte Alban IV: 77612 (16117); Monte Alban V: 166467 (13831). <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 183]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 791, "polity": { "id": 531, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_b", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Late Postclassic", "start_year": 1101, "end_year": 1520 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 8127, "polity_population_to": 10836, "comment": "The overall population of the valley increased during this period, but was divided into numerous (15-20) smaller political entities. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/I9SVGDD2\">[Feinman_et_al 1985, pp. 59-61]</a> The population of the whole valley (based on the total of settlement population estimates) would have been 95,523-229,581 people. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JH54I6Q3\">[Kowalewski_et_al -1]</a> A very coarse estimate of the average polity population is taken as the average between the higher and lower population estimates for the whole valley (162,552 people) divided by 15 and 20 to give a higher and lower range of polity size (10,836 and 8,127 people respectively). The precise numbers for the polity population estimates should not be taken as accurate predictions of polity population size.<br>\"Table 7.1. Monte Alban V sites in Valley of Oaxaca subareas.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZZGPJLTR\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2017, p. 99]</a> Etla: 15404; Central: 20,839; N Valle Grande: 24938; S Valle Grande 23919; W Tlacolula: 41255; E Tlacolula: 40119; Ejutla: 19970; Albarradas: 5416; Sola: 9168.<br> Total: 201,028<br>\"Table 10.1. Population of Late Postclassic polities in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 158]</a> Population 'shatter zone': Coatecas: 3500; Coyotepec: 4600; Eastern Etla: 9900; Ejutla: 4300; El Choco: 4200; El Vergel: 4100; Huitzo: 3500; Ixlahuaca: 5900. Jalieza: 8800; Macuilxochitl: 23400; Matatlan: 3100; Mitla: 23000; Quialana: 5700; Sa'a Yucu: 18800; San Luis Beltran: 3000; San Miguel de Valle: 4200. San Pedro Martir: 16600; Taniche: 5000; Teitipac: 9300; Tlalixtac: 9200; Tlapacoyan: 3300; Tule: 2500; Yagul/Tlacolula: 8300. Zautla/Tejalapan: 2400. Mean size: 7,700. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 158]</a> Don't understand why in the list below this one in the same table for 'Centers/Ethnohistory' many of these polities have different, larger populations. There is also a \"Table 10.2. Population of other Late Postclassic polities in highland Oaxaca\" which has an even longer list. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 159]</a> \"Table 11.3. Population in the largest centers, by phase, in Oaxaca and Ejutla.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 183]</a> Valley of Oaxaca population (Largest center in Oaxaca): Tierras Largas: 327 (128); San Jose: 1942 (1384); Guadalupe: 1788 (774); Rosario: 1835 (564); Early I: 14652 (5250); Late I: 51339 (17242); Monte Alban II: 41927 (14492); Monte Alban IIIA: 120121 (16507); Monte Alban IIIB: 78930 (24189); Monte Alban IV: 77612 (16117); Monte Alban V: 166467 (13831). <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2SPGQ7I8\">[Feinman_Nicholas 2013, p. 183]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 792, "polity": { "id": 313, "name": "ru_novgorod_land", "long_name": "Novgorod Land", "start_year": 880, "end_year": 1240 }, "year_from": 1100, "year_to": 1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 400000, "polity_population_to": 500000, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>\"Despite its size, however, this periphery was populated sparsely. From the accounts by Muscovite officials soon after the annexation of Novgorod, it is inferred that Novgorod's total population at the time could have reached 520,000 people. This calculation, however, is very approximate and possibly imprecise. Other estimates, for example, suggest that there were 400,000 people in the second half of the fifteenth century. At earlier times, the population of the Novgorod Land was, obviously, much smaller (and the above figures may have been exaggerated).\"§REF§Pavel V Lukin. Novgorod: trade, politics and mentalities in the time of independence. Wim Blockmans, Mikhail Krom, Justyna Wubs-Mrozewicz. ed. 2017. The Routledge Handbook of Maritime Trade around Europe 1300-1600: Commercial Networks and Urban Autonomy. Routledge.§REF§" }, { "id": 793, "polity": { "id": 206, "name": "dz_numidia", "long_name": "Numidia", "start_year": -220, "end_year": -46 }, "year_from": -200, "year_to": -200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 500000, "polity_population_to": 1000000, "comment": null, "description": "People. Using McEvedy and Jones numbers for Algeria as the basis of a range with their estimate as the high as some Berbers were independent of the Numidian Kingdom.<br>Algeria according to McEvedy and Jones§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 223) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br> 1,000,000: 200 BCE<br> 1,500,000: 100 BCE<br> 2,000,000: 1 CE<br>\"At the time of the fall of Carthage there were perhaps 100,000 Phoenicians and 500,000 Berbers in Tunisia plus another 2.5m Berbers in the rest of North Africa.\"§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 220) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§ The Carthage region and the majority of Morocco was not part of Numidia.<br>Numidia and Mauretania: \"It should be stressed that to some extent the two kingdoms continued as merely geographical expressions, since within them a large number of tribes retained their identity well into Roman times, some even beyond, and political unity remained tenuous.\"§REF§(Mahjoubi and Salama 1981, 461) A Mahjoubi and P Salama. The Roman and post-Roman period in North Africa. G Mokhtar. ed. 1981. General History of Africa II. Ancient Civilizations of Africa. Heinemann. California.§REF§" }, { "id": 794, "polity": { "id": 206, "name": "dz_numidia", "long_name": "Numidia", "start_year": -220, "end_year": -46 }, "year_from": -100, "year_to": -100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 1000000, "polity_population_to": 1500000, "comment": null, "description": "People. Using McEvedy and Jones numbers for Algeria as the basis of a range with their estimate as the high as some Berbers were independent of the Numidian Kingdom.<br>Algeria according to McEvedy and Jones§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 223) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br> 1,000,000: 200 BCE<br> 1,500,000: 100 BCE<br> 2,000,000: 1 CE<br>\"At the time of the fall of Carthage there were perhaps 100,000 Phoenicians and 500,000 Berbers in Tunisia plus another 2.5m Berbers in the rest of North Africa.\"§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 220) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§ The Carthage region and the majority of Morocco was not part of Numidia.<br>Numidia and Mauretania: \"It should be stressed that to some extent the two kingdoms continued as merely geographical expressions, since within them a large number of tribes retained their identity well into Roman times, some even beyond, and political unity remained tenuous.\"§REF§(Mahjoubi and Salama 1981, 461) A Mahjoubi and P Salama. The Roman and post-Roman period in North Africa. G Mokhtar. ed. 1981. General History of Africa II. Ancient Civilizations of Africa. Heinemann. California.§REF§" }, { "id": 795, "polity": { "id": 542, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4_copy", "long_name": "Yemen - Ottoman period", "start_year": 1873, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. Reliable demographic information on the population size of Ottoman Yemen still needs to be identified. he complex political situation comprising both Ottoman imperial authorities and Yemeni tribes adds further difficulty to this problem. Ottoman authority was felt strongly in some locations, but was marginal in others. The interplay between state authority and tribal forces leaves Yemen in an ambiguous position -while 'officially' a state, state control itself and the associated monopoly over the legitimate use of force were contested and at times ephemeral.", "description": null }, { "id": 796, "polity": { "id": 349, "name": "tr_pergamon_k", "long_name": "Pergamon Kingdom", "start_year": -282, "end_year": -133 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 5500000, "polity_population_to": 5500000, "comment": null, "description": "§REF§Hansen, E. V. (1947). The Attalids of Pergamon (p. 215ff). Cornell University Press, pp. 20.§REF§" }, { "id": 797, "polity": { "id": 237, "name": "ml_songhai_1", "long_name": "Songhai Empire", "start_year": 1376, "end_year": 1493 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>Sahel states = Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad. \"Before the introduction of agriculture and animal husbandry the population of the area of the present-day Sahel states is unlikely to have exceeded 50,000: once pastoralism and agriculture had become well-established the population can hardly have been less than half a million. The chronology of the transition is as yet totally obscure, but there is no reason to postulate anything above the 50,000 line before 3000 BC or place the achievement of the half million later than 1000 BC. From this latter point a low rate of increase is all that is needed to bring the total to 1m by AD 1 and 2m by AD 1000.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6U4QZXCG\">[McEvedy_Jones 1978, p. 238]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 798, "polity": { "id": 380, "name": "th_sukhotai", "long_name": "Sukhotai", "start_year": 1238, "end_year": 1419 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>McEvedy and Jones (1978) estimate the population within the borders of Thailand increased from 1 million in 1000 CE to 2 million in 1500 CE, to 2.25 million in 1600 CE.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978,) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br>The Sukhothai Kingdom did not, however, cover all of the territory of Thailand possibly only 50% of it. Whether that translates to about 50% of 1.8 million in 1300 CE depends on the population distribution.<br>\"Sukhothai was under-populated\"<br> According to Akin Rabibhadana: \"One particular characteristic of the historical Southeast Asian mainland states was the lack of manpower. The need for manpower is well illustrated by events following each war between Thailand and her neighbours. The victorious side always carried off a large number of people from the conquered territory. Whole villages were often moved into the territory of the conqueror, where they were assimilated and became the population of the conqueror. The Thai seem to have been especially aware of the importance of having a large population. The famous inscription of the early Thai King Ram Khamhaeng could be interpreted as an advertisement inducing people to come and settle in the Sukhothai kingdom.\"§REF§(Vickery 2003, 5-6) Michael Vickery. Two Historical Records of the Kingdom of Vientiane. Christopher E Goscha and Soren Ivarsson. eds. 2003. Contesting Visions of the Lao Past: Laos Historiography at the Crossroads. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Press. Copenhagen.§REF§<br> Vickery says \"Akin commented further that La Loubere said 'the people developed only half the plain into rice fields, and commented that the size of the population was not commensurate with the size of the country'. Akin also said: 'It appears that the main problem of establishing a viable kingdom in this area [Sukhothai] was the control of manpower. The area was under-populated, and the movement of people was extremely difficult to control.'§REF§(Vickery 2003, 6) Michael Vickery. Two Historical Records of the Kingdom of Vientiane. Christopher E Goscha and Soren Ivarsson. eds. 2003. Contesting Visions of the Lao Past: Laos Historiography at the Crossroads. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Press. Copenhagen.§REF§<br> Vickery quotes Wyatt who says: 'What local Tai chieftains and princes had in these areas was control over manpower, which was always in short supply throughout Southeast Asia. Their ability to mobilize a population was both a danger to the major empires and a source of potential strength to them.'§REF§(Vickery 2003, 7) Michael Vickery. Two Historical Records of the Kingdom of Vientiane. Christopher E Goscha and Soren Ivarsson. eds. 2003. Contesting Visions of the Lao Past: Laos Historiography at the Crossroads. Nordic Institute of Asian Studies Press. Copenhagen.§REF§<br>Concern over population is similar to other groups in Southeast Asia such as the Malays: \"Time and again in court literature, and in the reports of statements from the ruling elite, the priority of people over land or financial wealth is spelt out.\"§REF§(Milner 2011) Anthony Milner. 2011. The Malays. John Wiley & Sons. Chichester.§REF§ \"In the literature of the royal courts, a great ruler was one to whom many people owed allegiance ... Unlike the sensitivity 'Malay' rulers expressed with respect to subjects, they sometimes admitted to having almost no idea of the territorial dimensions of their realms.\"§REF§(Milner 2011) Anthony Milner. 2011. The Malays. John Wiley & Sons. Chichester.§REF§" }, { "id": 799, "polity": { "id": 230, "name": "dz_tlemcen", "long_name": "Tlemcen", "start_year": 1235, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 200000, "polity_population_to": 400000, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>Estimate certainly less than a million, highly likely less than 500,000. The capital had about 40,000. This was the most populous place in a region that was 'inhabited by numerically weak, sedentary populations. Ruler hired at least some foreign mercenaries for an army (was it the entire army?). The nomad pastoralists may have been more numerous?<br>\"the state, whose territory comprised the less fertile parts of the Tell, was inhabited by numerically weak, sedentary populations and a host of nomad pastoralists\".§REF§(Hrbek 1984, 93) I Hrbek. The disintegration of political unity in the Maghrib. Djibril Tamsir Niane. ed. 1984. Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. UNESCO. Heinemann. California.§REF§<br>In the mid-14th century Tlemcen had a population of about 40,000.§REF§(Hrbek 1984, 94) I Hrbek. The disintegration of political unity in the Maghrib. Djibril Tamsir Niane. ed. 1984. Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. UNESCO. Heinemann. California.§REF§" }, { "id": 800, "polity": { "id": 276, "name": "cn_tuyuhun", "long_name": "Tuyuhun", "start_year": 300, "end_year": 663 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>300 CE<br> The founder Tuyuhun \"was the leader of around one thousand families that migrated from China's northeast to the Yinshan Range 陰山, north of the great bend of the Yellow River.\"§REF§Ulrich Theobald. 2000. ChinaKnowledge.de - An Encyclopaedia on Chinese History, Literature and Art. Tuyuhun 吐谷渾. <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Altera/tuyuhun.html\">http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Altera/tuyuhun.html</a>§REF§ - Can this be used to make a population estimate for 300 CE? Not on its own as it doesn't include the native population on Qinghai. One thousand families might reflect about 5000-10,000 people or more, depending on whether the 'family' definition used is a nuclear or extended one.<br>\"Gradually they incorporated the local Tibeto-Burman Di and Qiang people.\" §REF§(Pan 1997) Yihong Pan. 1997. Son of Heaven and Heavenly Qaghan: Sui-Tang China and Its Neighbors. Western Washington University.§REF§" }, { "id": 801, "polity": { "id": 240, "name": "ma_wattasid_dyn", "long_name": "Wattasid", "start_year": 1465, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 600000, "polity_population_to": 800000, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>According to McEvedy and Jones Morocco as a whole had about 1.5 million people in 1500 CE.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 223) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§ The Wattasids did not control the whole of Morocco. Notably in this period they did not have many parts of the coast, which may have been quite populous, or have control the hinterlands, which were dominated by nomadic tribes, but it might be reasonable to estimate that their core area, which contained the capital Fez, may have contained half of this total.<br>\"The XVIth century witnessed a fundamental change in the circumstances of the Maghrib. By 1500, the reigning dynasties, the Wattasids in Morocco, the Zayyanids (or 'Abd al-Wadids) in Tlemsen, and the Hafsids in Tunis, no longer exercised more than a titular headship beyond the walls of their capital cities. The result was an anarchic decentralization in which the various towns, the peoples of the Aures, Kabyle, Rif, and Atlas mountains, and the tribes of the plains, led a more or less autonomous existence.\"§REF§(Barbour 1969, 97) Nevill Barbour. North West Africa From the 15th to 19th Centuries. H K Kissling. F R C Bagley. N Barbour. J S Trimingham. H Braun. B Spuler. H Hartel. eds. 1969. The Muslim World. A Historical Survey. Part III. The Last Great Muslim Empires. EJ BRILL. Leiden.§REF§" }, { "id": 802, "polity": { "id": 291, "name": "cn_xixia", "long_name": "Xixia", "start_year": 1032, "end_year": 1227 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>The population of Xixia was \"not much greater than a single Northern Song circuit\".§REF§(? 2010, 91) ?. The Imperial Age. Tim Cooke. ed. 2010. The New Cultural Atlas Of China. Marshall Cavendish. New York.§REF§" }, { "id": 803, "polity": { "id": 279, "name": "kz_yueban", "long_name": "Yueban", "start_year": 350, "end_year": 450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 200000, "polity_population_to": 200000, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>\"From limited references in the Beishi (Northern histories) and the Weishu (History of the Wei), we know that the Yueban had a well-developed kingdom, with a population of two hundred thousand that spanned thousands of kilometers, in the area north of Kucha.\"§REF§(Li and Hansen 2003, 63) Jian Li. Valerie Hansen. 2003. The glory of the silk road: art from ancient China. The Dayton Art Institute.§REF§" }, { "id": 804, "polity": { "id": 222, "name": "tn_zirid_dyn", "long_name": "Zirids", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1148 }, "year_from": 1000, "year_to": 1000, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 2000000, "polity_population_to": 2000000, "comment": null, "description": "People. Estimate based on McEvedy and Jones figures.<br>Famines reported in North Africa 1004-1005 CE, 1018-1019 CE, 1022-1023 CE, 1033-1034 CE, 1040-1042 CE. \"Many North Africans migrated to Sicily, and the Zirids depleted their gold reserves importing grain from Sicily to feed those who remained.\"§REF§(O'Connell and Dursteler 2016, 50) Monique O'Connell. Eric R Dursteler. 2016. The Mediterranean World: From the Fall of Rome to the Rise of Napoleon. John Hopkins University Press. Baltimore.§REF§<br>Libya - includes Cyrenaica which is not part of this polity.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 225) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas Of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br> 1000 CE: 500,000<br> McEvedy and Jones notes of the invasion of the Hilali bedouin: \"the economy dwindled to the simplest sort of goat herding and at its low point the population cannot have been more than 0.25m.\"§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 224) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas Of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br>Tunisia<br> 1000 CE: 1,000,000.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 223) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas Of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br> 1100 CE: 800,000.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 223) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas Of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br>Algeria - includes the west e.g. Tlemcen which is not part of this polity<br> 1000 CE: 2,000,000.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 223) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas Of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br> 1100 CE: 2,000,000.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 223) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas Of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 805, "polity": { "id": 222, "name": "tn_zirid_dyn", "long_name": "Zirids", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1148 }, "year_from": 1100, "year_to": 1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 1500000, "polity_population_to": 2000000, "comment": null, "description": "People. Estimate based on McEvedy and Jones figures.<br>Famines reported in North Africa 1004-1005 CE, 1018-1019 CE, 1022-1023 CE, 1033-1034 CE, 1040-1042 CE. \"Many North Africans migrated to Sicily, and the Zirids depleted their gold reserves importing grain from Sicily to feed those who remained.\"§REF§(O'Connell and Dursteler 2016, 50) Monique O'Connell. Eric R Dursteler. 2016. The Mediterranean World: From the Fall of Rome to the Rise of Napoleon. John Hopkins University Press. Baltimore.§REF§<br>Libya - includes Cyrenaica which is not part of this polity.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 225) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas Of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br> 1000 CE: 500,000<br> McEvedy and Jones notes of the invasion of the Hilali bedouin: \"the economy dwindled to the simplest sort of goat herding and at its low point the population cannot have been more than 0.25m.\"§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 224) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas Of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br>Tunisia<br> 1000 CE: 1,000,000.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 223) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas Of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br> 1100 CE: 800,000.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 223) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas Of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br>Algeria - includes the west e.g. Tlemcen which is not part of this polity<br> 1000 CE: 2,000,000.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 223) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas Of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br> 1100 CE: 2,000,000.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979, 223) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1979. Atlas Of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 807, "polity": { "id": 586, "name": "gb_england_norman", "long_name": "Norman England", "start_year": 1066, "end_year": 1153 }, "year_from": 1086, "year_to": 1086, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 1100000, "polity_population_to": 1100000, "comment": "DOMESDAY POPULATION: Population of areas not covered by survey estimated on basis\r\nof area and density compared with their neighbors. Total population of England estimated at about 1,100,000. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/VTXW6V65\">[Russell 1948, p. 34]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 808, "polity": { "id": 798, "name": "de_east_francia", "long_name": "East Francia", "start_year": 842, "end_year": 919 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 3800000, "polity_population_to": 4000000, "comment": "Population estimates for the year 1000 for Germany and Scandinavia <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JACLN8DW\">[Cipolla 1978, p. 19]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WFNPEXDP\">[webpage_Internet History Sourcebooks: Medieval...]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 809, "polity": { "id": 177, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire IV", "start_year": 1839, "end_year": 1922 }, "year_from": 1839, "year_to": 1856, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 27230000, "polity_population_to": 35350000, "comment": "1831 Census: The first official census conducted under Sultan Mahmud II focused primarily on males for military conscription and taxation purposes. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XL67H6EH\">[Karpat 1985]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 810, "polity": { "id": 177, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire IV", "start_year": 1839, "end_year": 1922 }, "year_from": 1881, "year_to": 1893, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 17388000, "polity_population_to": 17388000, "comment": "The census (1881–1893) took 10 years to finish. In 1893 the results were compiled and presented. This census is the first modern, general and standardized census accomplished not for taxation nor for military purposes, but to acquire demographic data. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XL67H6EH\">[Karpat 1985]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 811, "polity": { "id": 177, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire IV", "start_year": 1839, "end_year": 1922 }, "year_from": 1914, "year_to": 1914, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 16128361, "polity_population_to": 16128361, "comment": "1914 Ottoman census <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XL67H6EH\">[Karpat 1985]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 812, "polity": { "id": 39, "name": "kh_chenla", "long_name": "Chenla", "start_year": 550, "end_year": 825 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People. 'They describe this as a wealthy and militarily powerful country with over 30 cities.'§REF§(Coe 2003, 60)§REF§ The principal city of Chenla housed over 20,000 families.'§REF§(Higham 2014b, 293)§REF§" }, { "id": 813, "polity": { "id": 200, "name": "eg_thebes_libyan", "long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period", "start_year": -1069, "end_year": -747 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>There is a lot of disagreement over the correct figure for the late New Kingdom. In the absence of evidence for this period, estimate for the Libyan Dynasties Period will largely depend on the resolution of that discussion.", "description": null }, { "id": 814, "polity": { "id": 495, "name": "ir_elam_1", "long_name": "Elam - Awan Dynasty I", "start_year": -2675, "end_year": -2100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>\"The Akkadian expansion inevitably had to collide with Elam and its Awan dynasty. The latter ruled over an aggregation of smaller settlements spread across the Iranian plateau. In terms of size, demography and productivity, Elam was a worthy rival of the Akkadian empire.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/67DQ6G7C\">[Liverani_Tabatabai 2014, p. 135]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 815, "polity": { "id": 502, "name": "ir_elam_8", "long_name": "Elam - Crisis Period", "start_year": -1100, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. Unknown.<br>\"Before the Islamic conquest, major concentration of settlement were always localized in the following three major regions: the central Zagros, the lowland steppe, and Marv Dasht. These probably correspond, respectively, with Shimashki, Susa, and Anshan, the three most important historical entities in southwest Iran (Vallat 1980:6). Each major concentration of settlement contained at least one large urban area.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QE8XKMUX\">[Schacht_Hole 1987, p. 173]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 816, "polity": { "id": 497, "name": "ir_elam_3", "long_name": "Elam - Early Sukkalmah", "start_year": -1900, "end_year": -1701 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "\"Old Elamite III (ca. 2000-1475 B.C.) ... During this period, probably more people were living on the Susiana Plain than ever before.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QE8XKMUX\">[Schacht_Hole 1987, pp. 177-178]</a> \"Before the Islamic conquest, major concentration of settlement were always localized in the following three major regions: the central Zagros, the lowland steppe, and Marv Dasht. These probably correspond, respectively, with Shimashki, Susa, and Anshan, the three most important historical entities in southwest Iran (Vallat 1980:6). Each major concentration of settlement contained at least one large urban area.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QE8XKMUX\">[Schacht_Hole 1987, p. 173]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 817, "polity": { "id": 500, "name": "ir_elam_6", "long_name": "Elam - Igihalkid Period", "start_year": -1399, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>\"Before the Islamic conquest, major concentration of settlement were always localized in the following three major regions: the central Zagros, the lowland steppe, and Marv Dasht. These probably correspond, respectively, with Shimashki, Susa, and Anshan, the three most important historical entities in southwest Iran (Vallat 1980:6). Each major concentration of settlement contained at least one large urban area.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QE8XKMUX\">[Schacht_Hole 1987, p. 173]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 818, "polity": { "id": 499, "name": "ir_elam_5", "long_name": "Elam - Kidinuid Period", "start_year": -1500, "end_year": -1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>16th-14th centuries BCE: The Elamites were concentrated in the Susiana plain but maintained their ancestral ties with the highlands, where Anshan was progressively deserted.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/MJBZDHTU\">[Louvre 1992, p. 9]</a> \"Before the Islamic conquest, major concentration of settlement were always localized in the following three major regions: the central Zagros, the lowland steppe, and Marv Dasht. These probably correspond, respectively, with Shimashki, Susa, and Anshan, the three most important historical entities in southwest Iran (Vallat 1980:6). Each major concentration of settlement contained at least one large urban area.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QE8XKMUX\">[Schacht_Hole 1987, p. 173]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 819, "polity": { "id": 498, "name": "ir_elam_4", "long_name": "Elam - Late Sukkalmah", "start_year": -1700, "end_year": -1500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "\"Old Elamite III (ca. 2000-1475 B.C.) ... During this period, probably more people were living on the Susiana Plain than ever before.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QE8XKMUX\">[Schacht_Hole 1987, pp. 177-178]</a> \"Before the Islamic conquest, major concentration of settlement were always localized in the following three major regions: the central Zagros, the lowland steppe, and Marv Dasht. These probably correspond, respectively, with Shimashki, Susa, and Anshan, the three most important historical entities in southwest Iran (Vallat 1980:6). Each major concentration of settlement contained at least one large urban area.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QE8XKMUX\">[Schacht_Hole 1987, p. 173]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 820, "polity": { "id": 496, "name": "ir_elam_2", "long_name": "Elam - Shimashki Period", "start_year": -2028, "end_year": -1940 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>\"Before the Islamic conquest, major concentration of settlement were always localized in the following three major regions: the central Zagros, the lowland steppe, and Marv Dasht. These probably correspond, respectively, with Shimashki, Susa, and Anshan, the three most important historical entities in southwest Iran (Vallat 1980:6). Each major concentration of settlement contained at least one large urban area.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QE8XKMUX\">[Schacht_Hole 1987, p. 173]</a> \"Susa is thought to have covered an area of c. 85 ha by the sukkalmah period, when roughly twenty new villages were founded as well (Carter and Stolper 1984: 150).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/G8C5RTGP\">[Potts 2016, p. 167]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 821, "polity": { "id": 501, "name": "ir_elam_7", "long_name": "Elam - Shutrukid Period", "start_year": -1199, "end_year": -1100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>\"Before the Islamic conquest, major concentration of settlement were always localized in the following three major regions: the central Zagros, the lowland steppe, and Marv Dasht. These probably correspond, respectively, with Shimashki, Susa, and Anshan, the three most important historical entities in southwest Iran (Vallat 1980:6). Each major concentration of settlement contained at least one large urban area.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QE8XKMUX\">[Schacht_Hole 1987, p. 173]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 822, "polity": { "id": 503, "name": "ir_neo_elam_1", "long_name": "Elam I", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -744 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>\"Before the Islamic conquest, major concentration of settlement were always localized in the following three major regions: the central Zagros, the lowland steppe, and Marv Dasht. These probably correspond, respectively, with Shimashki, Susa, and Anshan, the three most important historical entities in southwest Iran (Vallat 1980:6). Each major concentration of settlement contained at least one large urban area.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QE8XKMUX\">[Schacht_Hole 1987, p. 173]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 823, "polity": { "id": 504, "name": "ir_neo_elam_2", "long_name": "Elam II", "start_year": -743, "end_year": -647 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "\"Before the Islamic conquest, major concentration of settlement were always localized in the following three major regions: the central Zagros, the lowland steppe, and Marv Dasht. These probably correspond, respectively, with Shimashki, Susa, and Anshan, the three most important historical entities in southwest Iran (Vallat 1980:6). Each major concentration of settlement contained at least one large urban area.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QE8XKMUX\">[Schacht_Hole 1987, p. 173]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 824, "polity": { "id": 505, "name": "ir_neo_elam_3", "long_name": "Elam III", "start_year": -612, "end_year": -539 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>\"Before the Islamic conquest, major concentration of settlement were always localized in the following three major regions: the central Zagros, the lowland steppe, and Marv Dasht. These probably correspond, respectively, with Shimashki, Susa, and Anshan, the three most important historical entities in southwest Iran (Vallat 1980:6). Each major concentration of settlement contained at least one large urban area.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QE8XKMUX\">[Schacht_Hole 1987, p. 173]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 825, "polity": { "id": 507, "name": "ir_elymais_2", "long_name": "Elymais II", "start_year": 25, "end_year": 215 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>\"rural population densities climbed sharply during the Parthian era, particularly in the first two centuries A.D.\". <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/GAJ3UGPB\">[Wenke 1981, pp. 303-315]</a> however \"many fertile, irrigable areas of the Susiana remained unoccupied and apparently unexploited, and there is little to suggest that 'population pressure' was a major problem here in the post-Achaemenid period.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/GAJ3UGPB\">[Wenke 1981, pp. 303-315]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 826, "polity": { "id": 486, "name": "ir_susiana_formative", "long_name": "Formative Period", "start_year": -7200, "end_year": -7000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>According to Mortensen early villages may have clustered together, \"each group widely separated from the next.\" Examples in Susiana: Chogha Bonut, Boneh Favili, and Chogha Mish. Why? \"it would have been difficult for the inhabitants of a village of one hundred or so persons to supply marriable pairs continually; thus marriage partners must have been supplied from outside. Among people today who live at low density, the figure of five hundred comes up as the minimum size necessary to maintain a viable social system. (Birdsell 1973:337-38; Wobst 1974).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2V3A89C3\">[Johnson_Alden_Hole 1987, p. 83]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 827, "polity": { "id": 37, "name": "kh_funan_1", "long_name": "Funan I", "start_year": 225, "end_year": 540 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. No absolute numbers can be extracted, as work continues to locate and study settlements from this period. Vietnamese archaeologists have documented what seems to be around 90 sites associated with Oc Ec in the Delta. Similarly, more than a hundred sites have been documented in the region of Angkor Borei. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/8D9WC2Z7\">[O'Reilly 2007, p. 105]</a>", "description": null } ] }