Polity Population List
A viewset for viewing and editing Polity Populations.
GET /api/sc/polity-populations/?format=api&page=10
{ "count": 577, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/polity-populations/?format=api&page=11", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/polity-populations/?format=api&page=9", "results": [ { "id": 726, "polity": { "id": 575, "name": "us_united_states_of_america_reconstruction", "long_name": "Us Reconstruction-Progressive", "start_year": 1866, "end_year": 1933 }, "year_from": 1890, "year_to": 1890, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 62622250, "polity_population_to": 62622250, "comment": null, "description": "Polity population for the continental states and territories.§REF§US Census Bureau 1930: 5-6. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/AHQEFPXB.§REF§" }, { "id": 727, "polity": { "id": 575, "name": "us_united_states_of_america_reconstruction", "long_name": "Us Reconstruction-Progressive", "start_year": 1866, "end_year": 1933 }, "year_from": 1910, "year_to": 1910, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 101146530, "polity_population_to": 101146530, "comment": null, "description": "Polity population for the continental states and territories.§REF§US Census Bureau 1930: 5-6. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/AHQEFPXB.§REF§" }, { "id": 728, "polity": { "id": 575, "name": "us_united_states_of_america_reconstruction", "long_name": "Us Reconstruction-Progressive", "start_year": 1866, "end_year": 1933 }, "year_from": 1920, "year_to": 1920, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 117823165, "polity_population_to": 117823165, "comment": null, "description": "Polity population for the continental states and territories.§REF§US Census Bureau 1930: 5-6. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/AHQEFPXB.§REF§" }, { "id": 729, "polity": { "id": 575, "name": "us_united_states_of_america_reconstruction", "long_name": "Us Reconstruction-Progressive", "start_year": 1866, "end_year": 1933 }, "year_from": 1930, "year_to": 1930, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 137008435, "polity_population_to": 137008435, "comment": null, "description": "Polity population for the continental states and territories.§REF§US Census Bureau 1930: 5-6. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/AHQEFPXB.§REF§" }, { "id": 730, "polity": { "id": 242, "name": "ml_songhai_2", "long_name": "Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty", "start_year": 1493, "end_year": 1591 }, "year_from": 1493, "year_to": 1591, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "'''♠ Luxury spices, incense and dyes ♣ suspected unknown♥ It is unclear which, if any, spices were considered luxurious. ''' “However, the Portuguese were not quite so successful as they had hoped in exploiting Africa's resources. Certainly, the Songhai in any case managed to monopolise the Saharan caravan trade which brought rock salt and luxury goods like fine cloth, glassware, sugar, and horses to the Sudan region in exchange for gold, ivory, spices, kola nuts, hides, and slaves. Timbuktu, with a population of around 100,000 in the mid-15th century, continued to thrive as a trade 'port' and as a centre of learning into the 16th and 17th centuries when the city boasted many mosques and 150-180 Koranic schools.” §REF§ Cartwright, M., 2018. Songhai Empire. World History Encyclopedia. Available at: https://www.worldhistory.org/Songhai_Empire/ [Accessed November 2023]. §REF§ “Niger society was an ordered and cultivated society, at least at the level of the aristocracy. They liked ample garments and babush, the easy life of the home, highly spiced food and above all good company. This led to a certain moral laxity, as indicated by the numerous courtesans and the debauchery among the princely aristocracy.” §REF§ Cissoko, S.M., 1984. The Shongay from the 12th to the 16th Century, in General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century, UNESCO General History of Africa. Ed. D.T. Niane. Pg 207. §REF§\r\n:'''♠ place of production of luxury spices, incense and dyes ♣ ♥'''\r\n:'''♠ consumption of luxury spices, incense and dyes by ruler ♣ inferred present♥ ''' “Niger society was an ordered and cultivated society, at least at the level of the aristocracy. They liked ample garments and babush, the easy life of the home, highly spiced food and above all good company. This led to a certain moral laxity, as indicated by the numerous courtesans and the debauchery among the princely aristocracy.” §REF§ Cissoko, S.M., 1984. The Shongay from the 12th to the 16th Century, in General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century, UNESCO General History of Africa. Ed. D.T. Niane. Pg 207. §REF§\r\n:'''♠ consumption of luxury spices, incense and dyes by elite ♣ inferred absent♥ ''' “Niger society was an ordered and cultivated society, at least at the level of the aristocracy. They liked ample garments and babush, the easy life of the home, highly spiced food and above all good company. This led to a certain moral laxity, as indicated by the numerous courtesans and the debauchery among the princely aristocracy.” §REF§ Cissoko, S.M., 1984. The Shongay from the 12th to the 16th Century, in General history of Africa, IV: Africa from the twelfth to the sixteenth century, UNESCO General History of Africa. Ed. D.T. Niane. Pg 207. §REF§\r\n:'''♠ consumption of luxury spices, incense and dyes by common people ♣ ♥ '''" }, { "id": 732, "polity": { "id": 601, "name": "ru_soviet_union", "long_name": "Soviet Union", "start_year": 1918, "end_year": 1991 }, "year_from": 1939, "year_to": 1959, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 147027915, "polity_population_to": 170557093, "comment": null, "description": "The 1926 Soviet Union census, a comprehensive demographic survey, provided crucial insights into the population size and composition of the newly formed Soviet state. It captured detailed data on various aspects including age, gender, ethnicity, occupation, and literacy rates, painting a multifaceted picture of the society at that time. This data was pivotal in shaping subsequent economic and social policies within the Soviet Union.§REF§Всесоюзная перепись населения 17 декабря 1926 г (Издание ЦСУ Союза ССР, 1928).<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/T9JQGM8H\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: T9JQGM8H</b></a>§REF§\r\n\r\nIn twelve years the urban population more than doubled, reaching 56.1 million (33 percent of the total population) by 1939, a rate of urbanization historically without precedent. In terms of the economic structure of the working class, the share of workers and employees (along with their family members) reached half of the total population by 1939, up from roughly one-sixth in 1926. The virtually complete collectivization of farming was also indicated by census figures.\r\n\r\nWhile the 1939 Soviet census has not been widely utilized, it nevertheless provided a framework of organizational experience and added to a popular understanding of statistical methods. These developments helped especially in conducting the numerous emergency survey counts that were necessary during World War II.\r\n\r\nTwenty years passed before another comprehensive census took place on Soviet soil, on January 15, 1959. The date chosen at least allowed for comparisons by twenty-year intervals, and the published tables often included previously unreleased 1939 totals as well. However, the large territorial gains following World War II and the devastating effect that war losses had on the age and sex structure of the population made comparisons between census years quite difficult. Furthermore, unlike the Soviet censuses of 1920 and 1926, the 1959 questionnaire did not request information on place of birth, making difficult even a crude estimate of migration. The organization and administration of the population count in 1959 marked a standardization in Soviet census-taking procedures; most of the methods instituted in 1959 remained virtually unchanged for the succeeding Soviet censuses of 1970 and 1979.§REF§Research Guide to the Russian and Soviet Censuses (Cornell University Press, 1986), accessed November 22, 2023, https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7591/j.ctt1g69xfv.\r\n<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/EPDK4KRV\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: EPDK4KRV</b></a>§REF§\r\n\r\nThe 1989 Soviet census was the last one that took place in the Soviet Union. In 1989, the Soviet Union ranked as the third most populous in the world, above the United States.§REF§“Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник Статистических Показателей.,” accessed November 22, 2023, https://www.demoscope.ru/weekly/pril.php.<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/MZMZFQN2\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: MZMZFQN2</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 733, "polity": { "id": 601, "name": "ru_soviet_union", "long_name": "Soviet Union", "start_year": 1918, "end_year": 1991 }, "year_from": 1959, "year_to": 1970, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 170557093, "polity_population_to": 208826650, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 734, "polity": { "id": 601, "name": "ru_soviet_union", "long_name": "Soviet Union", "start_year": 1918, "end_year": 1991 }, "year_from": 1970, "year_to": 1979, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 208826650, "polity_population_to": 241720134, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 735, "polity": { "id": 601, "name": "ru_soviet_union", "long_name": "Soviet Union", "start_year": 1918, "end_year": 1991 }, "year_from": 1980, "year_to": 1989, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 241720134, "polity_population_to": 262084654, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 736, "polity": { "id": 601, "name": "ru_soviet_union", "long_name": "Soviet Union", "start_year": 1918, "end_year": 1991 }, "year_from": 1989, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 262084654, "polity_population_to": 286730817, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 737, "polity": { "id": 571, "name": "ru_romanov_dyn_2", "long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II", "start_year": 1776, "end_year": 1917 }, "year_from": 1860, "year_to": 1897, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 74100000, "polity_population_to": 125640021, "comment": null, "description": "The first and only comprehensive census of the Russian Empire was conducted in 1897.§REF§“Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник Статистических Показателей.,” accessed December 2.<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/8582PW6D\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: 8582PW6D</b></a>§REF§\r\n\r\n\r\nThe census recorded demographic data such as social class, native language, religion, and profession, providing insights into the Empire's composition.\r\n\r\n\r\nEstimates for the years: 1800, 1860, 1913§REF§M. E. Falkus, The Industrialisation of Russia, 1700–1914 (London: Macmillan Education UK, 1972).<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZGJVXPBV\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: ZGJVXPBV</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 738, "polity": { "id": 571, "name": "ru_romanov_dyn_2", "long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II", "start_year": 1776, "end_year": 1917 }, "year_from": 1800, "year_to": 1860, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 35500000, "polity_population_to": 74100000, "comment": null, "description": "The first and only comprehensive census of the Russian Empire was conducted in 1897.§REF§“Демоскоп Weekly - Приложение. Справочник Статистических Показателей.,” accessed December 2.<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/8582PW6D\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: 8582PW6D</b></a>§REF§\r\n\r\n\r\nThe census recorded demographic data such as social class, native language, religion, and profession, providing insights into the Empire's composition.\r\n\r\n\r\nEstimates for the years: 1800, 1860, 1913§REF§M. E. Falkus, The Industrialisation of Russia, 1700–1914 (London: Macmillan Education UK, 1972).<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZGJVXPBV\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: ZGJVXPBV</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 739, "polity": { "id": 571, "name": "ru_romanov_dyn_2", "long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II", "start_year": 1776, "end_year": 1917 }, "year_from": 1897, "year_to": 1913, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 125640021, "polity_population_to": 170100000, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 740, "polity": { "id": 600, "name": "ru_romanov_dyn_1", "long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I", "start_year": 1614, "end_year": 1775 }, "year_from": 1678, "year_to": 1720, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 11000000, "polity_population_to": 15500000, "comment": null, "description": "In 1678, a census in Russia recorded approximately 950,000 households. Population estimates based on this census range between 10.5 and 11.5 million. These estimates vary depending on the assumed average number of individuals per household and the proportion of the population that may have been uncounted in the census.§REF§N. A. Gorskai︠a︡, Istoricheskai︠a︡ Demografii︠a︡ Rossii Ėpokhi Feodalizma: Itogi i Problemy Izuchenii︠a︡ (Moskva: Nauka, 1994).<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/93M4X65C\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: 93M4X65C</b></a>§REF§\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n1720 : includes new Baltic & Polish territories§REF§Brian Catchpole, A Map History of Russia (London: Heinemann Educational, 1974).<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/FLZC48SZ\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: FLZC48SZ</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 741, "polity": { "id": 548, "name": "it_italy_k", "long_name": "Italian Kingdom Late Antiquity", "start_year": 476, "end_year": 489 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 3500000, "polity_population_to": 5000000, "comment": null, "description": "Population of Italy between the 5th and 6th centuries CE according to McEvedy and Jones.§REF§(McEvedy and Jones: 106-107) McEvedy and Jones. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Penguin. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/search/mcevedy/titleCreatorYear/items/6U4QZXCG/item-list§REF§" }, { "id": 742, "polity": { "id": 547, "name": "cn_wei_k", "long_name": "Wei Kingdom", "start_year": 220, "end_year": 265 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 5370000, "polity_population_to": 5370000, "comment": "People.<br>\"Wei controlled the heartlands of China and some seventy per cent of the formerly registered population.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IIQXQR3N\">[de_Crespigny 2004, p. 24]</a> \"Wei in the north was by far the most powerful of the Three Kingdoms, with roughly 60 per cent of the total population\". <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/I8G3BSVM\">[Peers 1995, p. 18]</a>", "description": "Official contemporary figures for the Kingdom of Wei in 263 CE. However, note the following (from the same source):\r\n\r\n\"In studying the populations of the North, based on the extant demographic information of which the Chinese sources have preserved a large amount, a word of caution is in order. In most cases, population figures in the sources deal with households rather than individuals, and they do not distinguish between urban and rural populations. Further, the figures are based on the official registries, and include neither those who resided beyond the reach of a state in decline nor the liumin; that is, transients whose numbers could escalate in times of disorder. Thus some rough estimates have to be made.\r\n\r\n\"Enough demographic records have been preserved to allow a preliminary examination of the population trends in the North during the period in question. These records, however, are not based on surveys of entire popula- tions but of “registered subjects”; that is, taxpayers and their dependents. Consequently, such records seriously undercount actual populations, probably by as much as a quarter to a third, if not more.\"\r\n\r\n§REF§(Xiong 2019: 323-324) Xiong, V. C. 2019. The Northern Economy. In Dien and Knapp (eds) The Cambridge History of China Volume 2: The Six Dynasties 220-589 pp. 309-329. Cambridge University Press. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/KZB84M8U/library§REF§" }, { "id": 743, "polity": { "id": 778, "name": "in_east_india_co", "long_name": "British East India Company", "start_year": 1757, "end_year": 1858 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 97300000, "polity_population_to": 97300000, "comment": "A report in 1833 told that there were 97.3 million 'British' subjects in the territories held by the EIC. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/EV56DSWK\">[Bowen 2009]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 744, "polity": { "id": 250, "name": "cn_qin_emp", "long_name": "Qin Empire", "start_year": -338, "end_year": -207 }, "year_from": -207, "year_to": -207, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 40000000, "polity_population_to": 40000000, "comment": null, "description": "People. §REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1979)§REF§<br>Dupuy and Dupuy refer to an army size of 1,000,000 out of a population of 12,000,000 under First Emperor. §REF§(Dupuy and Dupuy 2007, 88-89)§REF§ Lewis suggests Qin could marshal ca.500,000 troops in third c. bce§REF§(Lewis 1999b, 627)§REF§" }, { "id": 745, "polity": { "id": 506, "name": "gr_macedonian_emp", "long_name": "Macedonian Empire", "start_year": -330, "end_year": -312 }, "year_from": -359, "year_to": -336, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 1000000, "polity_population_to": 1000000, "comment": null, "description": "People. 1,000,000: 359-336 BCE; 20,000,000: 321 BCE. AD extended code to 294 BCE so that it could be scraped.<br>McEvedy and Jones (1979) estimate for Macedonian Empire: Greece 3.0m; Egypt 3.5m; Near East 12m; Central Asia and India 1.5m. 359-336 BCE estimate from Fig. 2.4. §REF§(McEverdy and Jones 1979, 125)§REF§" }, { "id": 746, "polity": { "id": 506, "name": "gr_macedonian_emp", "long_name": "Macedonian Empire", "start_year": -330, "end_year": -312 }, "year_from": -321, "year_to": -294, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 20000000, "polity_population_to": 20000000, "comment": null, "description": "People. 1,000,000: 359-336 BCE; 20,000,000: 321 BCE. AD extended code to 294 BCE so that it could be scraped.<br>McEvedy and Jones (1979) estimate for Macedonian Empire: Greece 3.0m; Egypt 3.5m; Near East 12m; Central Asia and India 1.5m. 359-336 BCE estimate from Fig. 2.4. §REF§(McEverdy and Jones 1979, 125)§REF§" }, { "id": 747, "polity": { "id": 708, "name": "pt_portuguese_emp_1", "long_name": "Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period", "start_year": 1495, "end_year": 1579 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>De Matos <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4DMPBRA7\">[De_Matos_Jarnagin 2011]</a> provides an estimate of 1,681,744 for the entire empire for 1580 CE (1,300,000 in Portugal, 381,744 in the colonies).<br>\"The first-ever Portuguese census was conducted under Joao III in 1527–32 and revealed a total population of between about 1.25 and 1.5million. This was slightly below the peak reached before the Black Death, when Portugal had an estimated 1.5 million inhabitants; but it did show a marked improvement since 1450, when numbers had slumped to less than a million. Moreover, the upward trend seemed firmly set and continued for the rest of the sixteenth century. Most of the growth occurred in urban areas, and a steady influx of people from the countryside into the towns took place. Between the accession of King Manuel and the middle years of João III’s reign seventeen new vilas were created inPortugal. Many existing towns expanded as well, with growth especially strong in Lisbon and the northwest.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TKKDT5CZ\">[Disney 2009]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 748, "polity": { "id": 709, "name": "pt_portuguese_emp_2", "long_name": "Portuguese Empire - Early Modern", "start_year": 1640, "end_year": 1806 }, "year_from": 1700, "year_to": 1700, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 2700000, "polity_population_to": 2700000, "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 749, "polity": { "id": 709, "name": "pt_portuguese_emp_2", "long_name": "Portuguese Empire - Early Modern", "start_year": 1640, "end_year": 1806 }, "year_from": 1800, "year_to": 1800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 7500000, "polity_population_to": 7500000, "comment": "People (entire empire). More precisely, 1695 CE: 2,683,195 (1,900,000 in Portugal; 783,195 in the colonies; 1747 CE: 3,843,572 (2,250,000 in Portugal; 1,593,572 in the colonies); 1776 CE: 4,940,051 (2,750,000 in Portugal; 2,190,051 in the colonies); 1800 CE: 7,439,177 (2,931,930 in Portugal; 4,507,247 in the colonies), as summarised by De Matos <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4DMPBRA7\">[De_Matos_Jarnagin 2011]</a> , despite noting that \"[i]t is difficult, if not altogether impossible, to provide a trustworthy estimate of the population of Portuguese Asia prior to the end of the nineteenth century. This challenge stems principally from the absence of facts for Timor, as the population there was not directly controlled by the Portuguese administration. Furthermore, we must re-emphasize that only fragile information on Macao survives. Robust statistics for Macao go back only as far as the middle of the nineteenth century, due to the frequent difficulties that impeded counting the Chinese population.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4DMPBRA7\">[De_Matos_Jarnagin 2011]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 750, "polity": { "id": 337, "name": "ru_moskva_rurik_dyn", "long_name": "Grand Principality of Moscow, Rurikid Dynasty", "start_year": 1480, "end_year": 1613 }, "year_from": 1400, "year_to": 1400, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 5870000, "polity_population_to": 5870000, "comment": null, "description": "People. §REF§Ourworldindata.org “Population.”§REF§" }, { "id": 751, "polity": { "id": 337, "name": "ru_moskva_rurik_dyn", "long_name": "Grand Principality of Moscow, Rurikid Dynasty", "start_year": 1480, "end_year": 1613 }, "year_from": 1500, "year_to": 1500, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 7570000, "polity_population_to": 7570000, "comment": null, "description": "People. §REF§Ourworldindata.org “Population.”§REF§" }, { "id": 752, "polity": { "id": 337, "name": "ru_moskva_rurik_dyn", "long_name": "Grand Principality of Moscow, Rurikid Dynasty", "start_year": 1480, "end_year": 1613 }, "year_from": 1600, "year_to": 1600, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 9450000, "polity_population_to": 9450000, "comment": null, "description": "People. §REF§Ourworldindata.org “Population.”§REF§" }, { "id": 753, "polity": { "id": 314, "name": "ua_kievan_rus", "long_name": "Kievan Rus", "start_year": 880, "end_year": 1242 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>Russian annals mention 24 towns in the 9th and 10th centuries, 86 in the 11th century and 206 in the twelfth century.§REF§(Blum 1971, 15-16) Jerome Blum. 1971. Lord and Peasant in Russia. From the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century. Princeton. Princeton University Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 754, "polity": { "id": 535, "name": "ug_bunyoro_k_2", "long_name": "Bito Dynasty", "start_year": 1700, "end_year": 1894 }, "year_from": 1700, "year_to": 1799, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 755, "polity": { "id": 535, "name": "ug_bunyoro_k_2", "long_name": "Bito Dynasty", "start_year": 1700, "end_year": 1894 }, "year_from": 1800, "year_to": 1894, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 2000000, "polity_population_to": 2500000, "comment": "People. \"In 1879, on the eve of the British conquest of Uganda, the population of Bunyoro-Kitara was estimated to be 2,500,000 (Felkin, 1971: 47). Frederick Lugard accepted this figure in 1892. Lugard, who had no love for Bunyoro-Kitara, was nonetheless convinced that Banyoro outnumbered Baganda (Lugard, 1892: 432). The official Guide Book for East Africa published in 1893 also accepted the 1879 estimate (Langlands, 1971: 48). And JW Gregory also estimated that the kingdom’s population was reduced fourfold as a result of the devastation it suffered during the 19th century (Langlands, 1971: 48; Low, 2009: 335). It is, of course, difficult to say how reliable these figures are. All that we can conclude from available evidence is that the population of Bunyoro-Kitara had much diminished by the close of the 19th century. Today, Bunyoro-Kitara is one of the smallest administrate districts of Uganda. The provisional results of the 1969 census – that is, a century later – put the population at only 348,000 (Langlands, 1971: 48). Assuming that the 1879 figure included Tooro, the calculation may not be as wide of the mark as it seems at first blush.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/VAFA6XGX\">[Uzoigwe 2012, p. 30]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 756, "polity": { "id": 715, "name": "tz_east_africa_ia_1", "long_name": "Early East Africa Iron Age", "start_year": 200, "end_year": 499 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 757, "polity": { "id": 223, "name": "ma_almoravid_dyn", "long_name": "Almoravids", "start_year": 1035, "end_year": 1150 }, "year_from": 1100, "year_to": 1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 6000000, "polity_population_to": 6000000, "comment": "People.<br>Estimated from McEverdy and Jones (1978) c1100 CE. Morocco: 2.0. Mauritania: 0.5. Southern half (the most populous 60%?) of Iberia: 3.5.", "description": null }, { "id": 758, "polity": { "id": 284, "name": "hu_avar_khaganate", "long_name": "Avar Khaganate", "start_year": 586, "end_year": 822 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>\"There seems to have been considerable population growth, normally evidence of successful agriculture.\"§REF§(Martin 2017, 171) Michael Martin. 2017. City of the Sun: Development and Popular Resistance in the Pre-Modern West. Algora Publishing. New York.§REF§" }, { "id": 759, "polity": { "id": 210, "name": "et_aksum_emp_2", "long_name": "Axum II", "start_year": 350, "end_year": 599 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 500000, "polity_population_to": 600000, "comment": "People. Note: might the scale of the monumental construction suggest a total population larger than this estimate from 1970s? With respect to the population of the city of Askum Phillipson (2012) says: \"Michel's figure for Aksum's maximum population was significantly underestimated\". <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/YB8JYYEZ\">[Connah 2015, p. 143]</a> \"Kobishchanov (1979: 122-5), in his discussion about Aksumite population ... the population of the whole Aksumite kingdom without Arabia and Nubia, was 'at the outside half a million'. This was presumably based on available archaeological evidence.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F97WR7LV\">[Munro-Hay 1991, p. 166]</a> This early estimate might be too conservative.<br>\"Aksum was cosmopolitan, with a diverse population of Ethiopians, Nubians, Sudanese, Hebrews, Arabs, Indians, and Egyptians. Aksum's faiths included Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism, Jainism, and Judaism, as well as Greek polytheism and animist beliefs.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/R5JM2PGZ\">[Murray 2009]</a> \"Using geoarchaeological evidence, Karl Butzer suggested that Aksumite culture flourished at a time of better spring rains that at present, and declined when land pressure and erratic rainfall caused soil destruction during the seventh and eighth centuries (Butzer 1981: 471). Bard et al. (2000: 80-1) supported this interpretation, identifying a humid episode from the mid-first millennium BC to the mid-first millennium AD during which agricultural activity was intensified to sustain a state-level urban society. Consequently, demographic pressure increased, reaching a peak in the mid-first millennium AD and causing progressive soil degradation that led to environmental deterioration by the seventh and eighth centuries AD and famine in the ninth century.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/YB8JYYEZ\">[Connah 2015, p. 142]</a> Bubonic plague in the 6th century CE. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/YB8JYYEZ\">[Connah 2015, p. 141]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 760, "polity": { "id": 213, "name": "et_aksum_emp_3", "long_name": "Axum III", "start_year": 600, "end_year": 800 }, "year_from": 600, "year_to": 700, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 500000, "polity_population_to": 500000, "comment": null, "description": "People. The population may have declined from about 500,000 in 600 CE to a low of about 100,000 in 800 CE, a figure which should also reflect the smaller territorial borders.<br>McEvedy and Jones (1978) have the population of Ethiopia at 750,000 in 600 CE, 900,000 in 800,000 CE§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 230) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§ but the Aksumite kingdom was not as large as Ethiopia and archaeologists have suggested this was a period of population decline for the Aksumites.<br>Kobishchanov (1979: 122-5), in his discussion about Aksumite population ... the population of the whole Aksumite kingdom without Arabia and Nubia, was 'at the outside half a million'. This was presumably based on available archaeological evidence.\"§REF§(Munro-Hay 1991, 166) Stuart C Munro-Hay. 1991. Aksum: An African Civilisation of Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press.§REF§ <br>\"Using geoarchaeological evidence, Karl Butzer suggested that Aksumite culture flourished at a time of better spring rains that at present, and declined when land pressure and erratic rainfall caused soil destruction during the seventh and eighth centuries (Butzer 1981: 471). Bard et al. (2000: 80-1) supported this interpretation, identifying a humid episode from the mid-first millennium BC to the mid-first millennium AD during which agricultural activity was intensified to sustain a state-level urban society. Consequently, demographic pressure increased, reaching a peak in the mid-first millennium AD and causing progressive soil degradation that led to environmental deterioration by the seventh and eighth centuries AD and famine in the ninth century.\"§REF§(Connah 2016, 142) Graham Connah. 2016. African Civilizations: An Archaeological Perspective. Third Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 761, "polity": { "id": 213, "name": "et_aksum_emp_3", "long_name": "Axum III", "start_year": 600, "end_year": 800 }, "year_from": 800, "year_to": 800, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 100000, "polity_population_to": 100000, "comment": null, "description": "People. The population may have declined from about 500,000 in 600 CE to a low of about 100,000 in 800 CE, a figure which should also reflect the smaller territorial borders.<br>McEvedy and Jones (1978) have the population of Ethiopia at 750,000 in 600 CE, 900,000 in 800,000 CE§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 230) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§ but the Aksumite kingdom was not as large as Ethiopia and archaeologists have suggested this was a period of population decline for the Aksumites.<br>Kobishchanov (1979: 122-5), in his discussion about Aksumite population ... the population of the whole Aksumite kingdom without Arabia and Nubia, was 'at the outside half a million'. This was presumably based on available archaeological evidence.\"§REF§(Munro-Hay 1991, 166) Stuart C Munro-Hay. 1991. Aksum: An African Civilisation of Late Antiquity. Edinburgh University Press.§REF§ <br>\"Using geoarchaeological evidence, Karl Butzer suggested that Aksumite culture flourished at a time of better spring rains that at present, and declined when land pressure and erratic rainfall caused soil destruction during the seventh and eighth centuries (Butzer 1981: 471). Bard et al. (2000: 80-1) supported this interpretation, identifying a humid episode from the mid-first millennium BC to the mid-first millennium AD during which agricultural activity was intensified to sustain a state-level urban society. Consequently, demographic pressure increased, reaching a peak in the mid-first millennium AD and causing progressive soil degradation that led to environmental deterioration by the seventh and eighth centuries AD and famine in the ninth century.\"§REF§(Connah 2016, 142) Graham Connah. 2016. African Civilizations: An Archaeological Perspective. Third Edition. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 762, "polity": { "id": 379, "name": "mm_bagan", "long_name": "Bagan", "start_year": 1044, "end_year": 1287 }, "year_from": 1100, "year_to": 1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 2200000, "polity_population_to": 2200000, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>McEvedy and Jones (1978) population estimates for Burma§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 190) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br> 1,000,000: 1 CE<br> 1,100,000: 100 CE<br> 1,200,000: 200 CE<br> 1,300,000: 300 CE<br> 1,400,000: 400 CE<br> 1,500,000: 500 CE<br> 1,600,000: 600 CE<br> 1,700,000: 700 CE<br> 1,800,000: 800 CE<br> 1,900,000: 900 CE<br> 2,000,000: 1000 CE<br> 2,200,000: 1100 CE<br> 3,000,000: 1200 CE<br> 2,800,000: 1300 CE<br> 3,200,000: 1400 CE<br> 4,000,000: 1500 CE" }, { "id": 763, "polity": { "id": 379, "name": "mm_bagan", "long_name": "Bagan", "start_year": 1044, "end_year": 1287 }, "year_from": 1200, "year_to": 1200, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 3000000, "polity_population_to": 3000000, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>McEvedy and Jones (1978) population estimates for Burma§REF§(McEvedy and Jones 1978, 190) Colin McEvedy. Richard Jones. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§<br> 1,000,000: 1 CE<br> 1,100,000: 100 CE<br> 1,200,000: 200 CE<br> 1,300,000: 300 CE<br> 1,400,000: 400 CE<br> 1,500,000: 500 CE<br> 1,600,000: 600 CE<br> 1,700,000: 700 CE<br> 1,800,000: 800 CE<br> 1,900,000: 900 CE<br> 2,000,000: 1000 CE<br> 2,200,000: 1100 CE<br> 3,000,000: 1200 CE<br> 2,800,000: 1300 CE<br> 3,200,000: 1400 CE<br> 4,000,000: 1500 CE" }, { "id": 764, "polity": { "id": 312, "name": "bg_bulgaria_medieval", "long_name": "Bulgaria - Middle", "start_year": 865, "end_year": 1018 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>The Balkans: 900 CE: 3 million. 1000 CE: 4 million. §REF§(McEverdy and Jones 1978, 111). McEvedy, C. Jones, R. 1978. Atlas of World Population History. Allen Lane. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 765, "polity": { "id": 399, "name": "in_chaulukya_dyn", "long_name": "Chaulukya Dynasty", "start_year": 941, "end_year": 1245 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. \"Although it is not possible to estimate figures, the increase in settlements indicates that the population must have grown considerably from the eleventh century onwards.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/FAX3XGR9\">[Sheikh 2003, p. 25]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 766, "polity": { "id": 246, "name": "cn_chu_dyn_spring_autumn", "long_name": "Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period", "start_year": -740, "end_year": -489 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "706-690 BCE<br> Annexed Hanxi states \"Quan and, perhaps, Ran\". <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NTSIVZX6\">[Major_Cook 1999, p. 15]</a> \"The first objective was to create a sphere of influence around the Bend of the Han, a task that was completed by the early seventh century. Chu then immediately set out to gain control of the Nanyang Basin and the approaches to it (Fangcheng Wai).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NTSIVZX6\">[Major_Cook 1999, p. 20]</a> 688-656 BCE<br> \"pushed into the Nanyang Basin and carved out a zone beyond it in Fangcheng Wai.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NTSIVZX6\">[Major_Cook 1999, p. 15]</a> 655-585 BCE<br> Expansion into Huai region. Took Xuan, Huang, and Ying (Yingshi). Long war with Jin after the defeat at battle of Chengpu (632 BCE). Took Jiang 623 BCE, Jyang ? and then Fan and Lyao 622 BCE. Xaio taken 597 BCE, Zhoulai taken before 585 BCE. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NTSIVZX6\">[Major_Cook 1999, p. 16]</a> 584-508 BCE<br> Wu gains at Chu expense in Middle Huai. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NTSIVZX6\">[Major_Cook 1999, p. 16]</a> Major defeat to Jin and allies at Yanling (575 BCE). <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NTSIVZX6\">[Major_Cook 1999, p. 16]</a> Gained Shu 574 BCE, lost Xyu and Zhoulai in 519 BCE to Wu. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NTSIVZX6\">[Major_Cook 1999, pp. 16-17]</a> 507-400 BCE<br> Renewed expansion. Re-occupation of Upper and Middle Huai. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NTSIVZX6\">[Major_Cook 1999, p. 17]</a> 400-223 BCE<br> \"After the accommodation with Jin in 546, Chu had for the most part been able to keep the states in and bordering the Fangcheng Wai area under its control. With Han and Wei now centered below the Yellow River (Huanghe), this was no longer the case.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NTSIVZX6\">[Major_Cook 1999, p. 17]</a> With the loss of Fangcheng Wai, Chu expansion focused on the east before the gradual conquest by the Qin. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NTSIVZX6\">[Major_Cook 1999, p. 20]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 767, "polity": { "id": 299, "name": "ru_crimean_khanate", "long_name": "Crimean Khanate", "start_year": 1440, "end_year": 1783 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>\"The four clans who had invited him [first khan Haji Girei] to rule over them nomadized across the southern edge of the steppe, just above Perekop and the Black Sea and Azov coasts. By the end of the century there were about 200,000 souls in their domains (ulusy), rising to 500,000 by 1550. A smaller Tatar population sedentarized in the towns and villages of the Crimean peninsula. Large numbers of Genoese, Greeks, Armenians, Georgians, and Karaim Jews resided in the largest Crimean towns (Kaffa, Evpatoriya, Azov) as subject millets and paid the cizzje capitation tax into the khan's treasury; taxes and duties on their trade yielded even greater revenue.\"§REF§(Davies 2007, 6) Brian L Davies. 2007. Warfare, State And Society On The Black Sea Steppe. Routledge. Abingdon.§REF§" }, { "id": 768, "polity": { "id": 715, "name": "tz_east_africa_ia_1", "long_name": "Early East Africa Iron Age", "start_year": 200, "end_year": 499 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. The following is worth noting here: \"[A]rchaeology[...] suggests these early communities probably consisted of dispersed networks of homesteads, rather than centralised societies (Reid 1994/5; Van Grunderbeek et al. 1983).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZBIZGHGA\">[Ashley 2010, p. 146]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 769, "polity": { "id": 54, "name": "pa_cocle_1", "long_name": "Early Greater Coclé", "start_year": 200, "end_year": 700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. 'Population estimates are lacking for most of the region, but it seems likelythat the maximum community size prior to 1200 B.P. was no more than a thousand people.' <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6ERS93SR\">[Hoopes_Peregrine_Ember 2001, p. 102]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 770, "polity": { "id": 429, "name": "mr_wagadu_1", "long_name": "Early Wagadu Empire", "start_year": 250, "end_year": 700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People.<br>Sahel states = Mauritania, Mali, Niger, Chad. \"Before the introduction of agriculture and animal husbandry the population of the area of the present-day Sahel states is unlikely to have exceeded 50,000: once pastoralism and agriculture had become well-established the population can hardly have been less than half a million. The chronology of the transition is as yet totally obscure, but there is no reason to postulate anything above the 50,000 line before 3000 BC or place the achievement of the half million later than 1000 BC. From this latter point a low rate of increase is all that is needed to bring the total to 1m by AD 1 and 2m by AD 1000.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6U4QZXCG\">[McEvedy_Jones 1978, p. 238]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 771, "polity": { "id": 273, "name": "uz_kangju", "long_name": "Kangju", "start_year": -150, "end_year": 350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 600000, "polity_population_to": 600000, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>\"During the period of its apex, which coincided with the 'opening up' of the SR [Silk Road], the Kangju state had a population of about 600,000 and an army of 120,000.\"§REF§(Barisitz 2017, 37) Stephan Barisitz. 2017. Central Asia and the Silk Road: Economic Rise and Decline over Several Millennia. Springer International Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 772, "polity": { "id": 395, "name": "in_karkota_dyn", "long_name": "Karkota Dynasty", "start_year": 625, "end_year": 1339 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": "People. \"There is unfortunately no record of the number of people inhabiting the Valley during any period of the Hindu rule. But the large number of administrative sub-divisions which goes back to an early date, may be taken as an indication of the dense population of the Valley. There is every reason to believe that even at a later period it was fairly large. The existence of a large number of village sites in all parts of the Valley, remains an extensive system of irrigation, the number of temple ruins and the uniform tradition of the people--all point to the same conclusion.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XJWSDUQS\">[Bamzai 1962, p. 185]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 773, "polity": { "id": 298, "name": "ru_kazan_khanate", "long_name": "Kazan Khanate", "start_year": 1438, "end_year": 1552 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": null, "polity_population_to": null, "comment": null, "description": "People.<br>Four other ethnic groups included Turkic-speaking Chuvash and Finnish-speaking eastern Mordvinians, Cheremis and southern Votiaks.§REF§(Kappeler 2014, 25) Andreas Kappeler. Alfred Clayton trans. 2014. The Russian Empire: A Multi-ethnic History. Routledge. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 774, "polity": { "id": 241, "name": "ao_kongo_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Congo", "start_year": 1491, "end_year": 1568 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 3000000, "polity_population_to": 3000000, "comment": null, "description": "People. Academic disagreement Note: the estimates are for different times. Just before 1500 CE and 1641 CE. Could it be that selling of slaves reduced the population and provides part of the explanation for the difference in estimate?<br>By the late fifteenth century \"the kingdom included at least 3 million subjects and was divided into six principal provinces: Mpemba, Soyo, Mbamba, Mbata, Nsundi, and Mpangu.\"§REF§(Gondola 2002, 28) Ch Didier Gondola. 2002. The History of Congo. Greenwood Publishing Group. Westport.§REF§<br>[500,000-600,000] (need to confirm if this refers to the whole Kongo Kingdom or just the separatist kingdom) - reference to 130,000 km2 territory suggests it's the whole kingdom.<br> \"The kingdom that Garcia II took over in 1641 occupied the south bank of the Zaire River in what is now northern Angola and western Zaire. In his day, the population was somewhat over half a million people living in an area of some 130,000 square kilometers, although Kongos claims extended to a larger area than did its effective rule.\"§REF§(Thornton 1983, xiv) John Kelly Thornton. 1983. The Kingdom of Kongo: Civil War and Transition, 1641-1718. University of Wisconsin Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 775, "polity": { "id": 241, "name": "ao_kongo_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Congo", "start_year": 1491, "end_year": 1568 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": true, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 550000, "polity_population_to": 550000, "comment": null, "description": "People. Academic disagreement Note: the estimates are for different times. Just before 1500 CE and 1641 CE. Could it be that selling of slaves reduced the population and provides part of the explanation for the difference in estimate?<br>By the late fifteenth century \"the kingdom included at least 3 million subjects and was divided into six principal provinces: Mpemba, Soyo, Mbamba, Mbata, Nsundi, and Mpangu.\"§REF§(Gondola 2002, 28) Ch Didier Gondola. 2002. The History of Congo. Greenwood Publishing Group. Westport.§REF§<br>[500,000-600,000] (need to confirm if this refers to the whole Kongo Kingdom or just the separatist kingdom) - reference to 130,000 km2 territory suggests it's the whole kingdom.<br> \"The kingdom that Garcia II took over in 1641 occupied the south bank of the Zaire River in what is now northern Angola and western Zaire. In his day, the population was somewhat over half a million people living in an area of some 130,000 square kilometers, although Kongos claims extended to a larger area than did its effective rule.\"§REF§(Thornton 1983, xiv) John Kelly Thornton. 1983. The Kingdom of Kongo: Civil War and Transition, 1641-1718. University of Wisconsin Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 776, "polity": { "id": 326, "name": "it_sicily_k_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties", "start_year": 1194, "end_year": 1281 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_population", "polity_population_from": 500000, "polity_population_to": 700000, "comment": null, "description": "Population of Sicily \"rather low during twelfth and thirteenth centuries.\" §REF§(Abulafia 1988, 14)§REF§ In 1320 CE population density was 33 per square kilometer, 848,463. Estimate is lower than this. §REF§(Sakellariou 2011, 93, 95)§REF§" } ] }