General Postal Service List
A viewset for viewing and editing General Postal Services.
GET /api/sc/general-postal-services/?format=api&page=8
{ "count": 387, "next": null, "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/general-postal-services/?format=api&page=7", "results": [ { "id": 351, "polity": { "id": 273, "name": "uz_kangju", "long_name": "Kangju", "start_year": -150, "end_year": 350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "Administration not developed enough for postal service.", "description": null }, { "id": 352, "polity": { "id": 298, "name": "ru_kazan_khanate", "long_name": "Kazan Khanate", "start_year": 1438, "end_year": 1552 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 353, "polity": { "id": 241, "name": "ao_kongo_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Congo", "start_year": 1491, "end_year": 1568 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 354, "polity": { "id": 290, "name": "ge_georgia_k_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Georgia II", "start_year": 975, "end_year": 1243 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 355, "polity": { "id": 326, "name": "it_sicily_k_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties", "start_year": 1194, "end_year": 1281 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 356, "polity": { "id": 56, "name": "pa_cocle_3", "long_name": "Late Greater Coclé", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1515 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "The sources I have consulted do not mention a postal service, and Precolumbian Panamanian societies were non-literate. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IPHPU92K\">[Mendizábal_Archibold 2004, p. 14]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 357, "polity": { "id": 212, "name": "sd_makuria_k_1", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom I", "start_year": 568, "end_year": 618 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 358, "polity": { "id": 215, "name": "sd_makuria_k_2", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom II", "start_year": 619, "end_year": 849 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 359, "polity": { "id": 219, "name": "sd_makuria_k_3", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom III", "start_year": 850, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 360, "polity": { "id": 383, "name": "my_malacca_sultanate", "long_name": "Malacca Sultanate", "start_year": 1396, "end_year": 1511 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 361, "polity": { "id": 235, "name": "my_malacca_sultanate_22222", "long_name": "Malacca Sultanate", "start_year": 1270, "end_year": 1415 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 362, "polity": { "id": 209, "name": "ma_mauretania", "long_name": "Mauretania", "start_year": -125, "end_year": 44 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 363, "polity": { "id": 55, "name": "pa_cocle_2", "long_name": "Middle Greater Coclé", "start_year": 700, "end_year": 1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "The sources I have consulted do not mention a postal service, and Precolumbian Panamanian societies were non-literate. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IPHPU92K\">[Mendizábal_Archibold 2004, p. 14]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 364, "polity": { "id": 530, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_a", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Early Postclassic", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "Sources do not suggest there is evidence for a postal system during this period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 365, "polity": { "id": 531, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_b", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Late Postclassic", "start_year": 1101, "end_year": 1520 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "Sources do not suggest there is evidence for a postal system during this period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 366, "polity": { "id": 206, "name": "dz_numidia", "long_name": "Numidia", "start_year": -220, "end_year": -46 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 367, "polity": { "id": 542, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4_copy", "long_name": "Yemen - Ottoman period", "start_year": 1873, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "Messick describes the adoption of print technologies and the circulation of the first Yemeni newspapers during the Imamic period: 'At the same time as printed works were kept at a distance from advanced schools in twentieth-century imamic Yemen, steps were taken to promote the new technology in other domains. First among these was the official Yemeni newspaper al-Iman (the Faith), which first appeared in 1926 as a monthly and later became a daily.19 Using the same printing machine, the Ottomans had published a similar official newspaper (called Sanʿaʾ) in both Arabic and Ottoman Turkish. Al-Iman provides a chronicle of Yemeni political events, major and minor, internal and in some instances external, from 1926 to 1948, and has been read by Western observers as a record of “efforts to form a national consciousness” (Rossi 1938: 569) and of “the institutionalization of the state” (Obermeyer 1981: 181).' §REF§Messick, Brinkley 2012. \"The Calligraphic State\", 118§REF§ Given the importance of tribal structures for local governance, no general postal service is presumed here." }, { "id": 368, "polity": { "id": 237, "name": "ml_songhai_1", "long_name": "Songhai Empire", "start_year": 1376, "end_year": 1493 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 369, "polity": { "id": 380, "name": "th_sukhotai", "long_name": "Sukhotai", "start_year": 1238, "end_year": 1419 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 370, "polity": { "id": 217, "name": "dz_tahert", "long_name": "Tahert", "start_year": 761, "end_year": 909 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 371, "polity": { "id": 271, "name": "ua_skythian_k_3", "long_name": "Third Scythian Kingdom", "start_year": -429, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "unknown", "comment": "No data.", "description": null }, { "id": 372, "polity": { "id": 230, "name": "dz_tlemcen", "long_name": "Tlemcen", "start_year": 1235, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 373, "polity": { "id": 240, "name": "ma_wattasid_dyn", "long_name": "Wattasid", "start_year": 1465, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 374, "polity": { "id": 279, "name": "kz_yueban", "long_name": "Yueban", "start_year": 350, "end_year": 450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 375, "polity": { "id": 227, "name": "et_zagwe", "long_name": "Zagwe", "start_year": 1137, "end_year": 1269 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 376, "polity": { "id": 222, "name": "tn_zirid_dyn", "long_name": "Zirids", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1148 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 377, "polity": { "id": 586, "name": "gb_england_norman", "long_name": "Norman England", "start_year": 1066, "end_year": 1153 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": "In Norman England, communication systems were primarily designed to serve royal, governmental, and ecclesiastical needs. These systems did not extend to the general population or private citizens.\r\nMessages were typically carried by:\r\nRoyal messengers: Employed by the king to communicate with nobles, local officials, and military commanders.\r\nEcclesiastical networks: Monks and clergy facilitated communication within the Church hierarchy. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HBVV8PDK\">[Clanchy 1993]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 378, "polity": { "id": 798, "name": "de_east_francia", "long_name": "East Francia", "start_year": 842, "end_year": 919 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 379, "polity": { "id": 177, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire IV", "start_year": 1839, "end_year": 1922 }, "year_from": 1840, "year_to": 1922, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "present", "comment": "The Ministry of the Post was established on 23 October 1840. Its duty was to provide postal services for private individuals as well as the government and the first road link went from Istanbul to Edirne. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/VUACN5VG\">[webpage_Postal service among the Ottomans...]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 380, "polity": { "id": 126, "name": "pk_indo_greek_k", "long_name": "Indo-Greek Kingdom", "start_year": -180, "end_year": -10 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 381, "polity": { "id": 49, "name": "id_kediri_k", "long_name": "Kediri Kingdom", "start_year": 1049, "end_year": 1222 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 382, "polity": { "id": 29, "name": "us_oneota", "long_name": "Oneota", "start_year": 1400, "end_year": 1650 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "uncoded", "comment": "probably absent, however no information (RA's guess)", "description": null }, { "id": 383, "polity": { "id": 476, "name": "iq_akkad_emp", "long_name": "Akkadian Empire", "start_year": -2270, "end_year": -2083 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "uncoded", "comment": "Sargon \"introduced postal service between diverse parts of his gigantic multiethnic state.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/FYVEEQ3U\">[Baizerman 2015]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 384, "polity": { "id": 546, "name": "cn_five_dyn", "long_name": "Five Dynasties Period", "start_year": 906, "end_year": 970 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "uncoded", "comment": null, "description": "Unknown, though worth noting that this was present in the Tang polities: \"domestic trade which was stimulated also by improved communications, including a new postal system on the main trunk roads which emanated from the capital.\" §REF§(Rodzinski 1979, 122)§REF§" }, { "id": 385, "polity": { "id": 129, "name": "af_hephthalite_emp", "long_name": "Hephthalite Empire", "start_year": 408, "end_year": 561 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 386, "polity": { "id": 266, "name": "cn_later_great_jin", "long_name": "Jin Dynasty", "start_year": 1115, "end_year": 1234 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 387, "polity": { "id": 254, "name": "cn_western_jin_dyn", "long_name": "Western Jin", "start_year": 265, "end_year": 317 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "General_postal_service", "general_postal_service": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown. Dunhuang City, Gansu: \"Excavations between 1990 and 1992 exposed the site of a 'postal relay station' (zhi), which was used from the middle of the Western Han (ca. 111 BCE) until the Cao Wei (220-65 CE) and Western Jin (265-316 CE) periods. The site included a hostel, kitchen facilities, rooms for courier personnel, and stables.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/VPZSXHTI\">[Barbieri-Low_Yates 2015, p. 44]</a>", "description": null } ] }