Foreign Coin List
A viewset for viewing and editing Foreign Coins.
GET /api/sc/foreign-coins/?format=api&page=9
{ "count": 448, "next": null, "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/foreign-coins/?format=api&page=8", "results": [ { "id": 401, "polity": { "id": 290, "name": "ge_georgia_k_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Georgia II", "start_year": 975, "end_year": 1243 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 402, "polity": { "id": 326, "name": "it_sicily_k_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties", "start_year": 1194, "end_year": 1281 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 403, "polity": { "id": 53, "name": "pa_la_mula_sarigua", "long_name": "La Mula-Sarigua", "start_year": -1300, "end_year": 200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "absent", "comment": "The sources I have consulted do not mention any form of coinage (either indigenous or foreign) in Precolumbian Panama.", "description": null }, { "id": 404, "polity": { "id": 56, "name": "pa_cocle_3", "long_name": "Late Greater Coclé", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1515 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "absent", "comment": "The sources I have consulted do not mention any form of coinage (either indigenous or foreign) in Precolumbian Panama.", "description": null }, { "id": 405, "polity": { "id": 257, "name": "cn_later_qin_dyn", "long_name": "Later Qin Kingdom", "start_year": 386, "end_year": 417 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Foreign coins and/or coins from historical states that no longer existed. \"As north China plunged into chaos during the fourth century, perhaps an eighth of the entire northern Chinese population may have fled to the relative shelter and stability of the south. ... Those people who remained in the north, and who survived, meanwhile huddled behind thousands of improvised local fortifications. Trade and commerce ground to a virtual halt in the north during this period. No new coins were issued in north China for almost two hundred years.\"§REF§(Holcombe 2011, 58-59) Charles Holcombe. 2011. A History of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 406, "polity": { "id": 256, "name": "cn_later_yan_dyn", "long_name": "Later Yan Kingdom", "start_year": 385, "end_year": 409 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Foreign coins and/or coins from historical states that no longer existed. \"As north China plunged into chaos during the fourth century, perhaps an eighth of the entire northern Chinese population may have fled to the relative shelter and stability of the south. ... Those people who remained in the north, and who survived, meanwhile huddled behind thousands of improvised local fortifications. Trade and commerce ground to a virtual halt in the north during this period. No new coins were issued in north China for almost two hundred years.\"§REF§(Holcombe 2011, 58-59) Charles Holcombe. 2011. A History of East Asia: From the Origins of Civilization to the Twenty-First Century. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 407, "polity": { "id": 815, "name": "es_castile_crown", "long_name": "Crown of Castile", "start_year": 1231, "end_year": 1515 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": "" }, { "id": 408, "polity": { "id": 212, "name": "sd_makuria_k_1", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom I", "start_year": 568, "end_year": 618 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "absent", "comment": "\"In Upper Nubia throughout the medieval period, as in most other periods of its history, there was no currency and, therefore, all trade was achieved by barter. Ibn Selim notes that neither the dinar nor the dirham are of any use and that all transactions are carried out by the exchange of slaves, cattle, camels, iron tools and grains.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2ZCVEFNQ\">[Welsby 2002, p. 203]</a> \"In Lower Nubia however, Islamic coinage did circulate.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2ZCVEFNQ\">[Welsby 2002, p. 203]</a> Not this period.", "description": null }, { "id": 409, "polity": { "id": 215, "name": "sd_makuria_k_2", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom II", "start_year": 619, "end_year": 849 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": "\"In Lower Nubia however, Islamic coinage did circulate.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2ZCVEFNQ\">[Welsby 2002, p. 203]</a> Not this period.", "description": null }, { "id": 410, "polity": { "id": 219, "name": "sd_makuria_k_3", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom III", "start_year": 850, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": "\"In Lower Nubia however, Islamic coinage did circulate.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2ZCVEFNQ\">[Welsby 2002, p. 203]</a> Not this period.", "description": null }, { "id": 411, "polity": { "id": 383, "name": "my_malacca_sultanate", "long_name": "Malacca Sultanate", "start_year": 1396, "end_year": 1511 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": null, "description": "In 1411 CE the King of Malacca and his entire court (his wife, son, ministers who totaled 540 persons) visited China and were entertained by the Chinese Emperor. The King was given presents including 100oz of gold, 500 oz silver, 400,000 kwan paper-money, 2,600 strings of copper cash, and silk.§REF§(Wilkinson 1935, 24) R J Wilkinson. 1935. The Malacca Sultanate. Malacca Papers. Journal Malayan Branch. Vol. XIII. Part II.§REF§" }, { "id": 412, "polity": { "id": 235, "name": "my_malacca_sultanate_22222", "long_name": "Malacca Sultanate", "start_year": 1270, "end_year": 1415 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": null, "description": "“The ruins of Warq Amba, in Argobba, which undoubtedly witnessed the bitter struggles of Sayfa’Ar’ad and the princes we have just named against the Muslims of the southwest, lie a good day’s walk from Tschanno, to the right of the Awadi River; the debris of ancient buildings, with a necropolis, a mosque, a large reservoir for water, stretching for a length of almost two kilometres. Mr. Traversi, who discovered this ancient unknown dead city, saw there in the cemetery, the inscription of a sultan Ali, contemporary of Sayfa’Ar’ad; near the town in an antique vase shape, he found a small treasure of silver coins, but minted by Egyptian Sultans of the 13th and 14th centuries.”§REF§(Fauvelle et al. 2017, 239-295) Fauvelle, François-Xavier et al. 2007. “The Sultanate of Awfāt, its Capital and the Necropolis of the Walasma”, Annales Islamologiques. Vol. 51. Pp 239-295.§REF§" }, { "id": 413, "polity": { "id": 209, "name": "ma_mauretania", "long_name": "Mauretania", "start_year": -125, "end_year": 44 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 414, "polity": { "id": 55, "name": "pa_cocle_2", "long_name": "Middle Greater Coclé", "start_year": 700, "end_year": 1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "absent", "comment": "The sources I have consulted do not mention any form of coinage (either indigenous or foreign) in Precolumbian Panama.", "description": null }, { "id": 415, "polity": { "id": 530, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_a", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Early Postclassic", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "absent", "comment": "Sources do not suggest that monetary items have been found dating to this period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 416, "polity": { "id": 531, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_b", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Late Postclassic", "start_year": 1101, "end_year": 1520 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "absent", "comment": "Sources do not suggest that monetary items have been found dating to this period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 417, "polity": { "id": 313, "name": "ru_novgorod_land", "long_name": "Novgorod Land", "start_year": 880, "end_year": 1240 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"Minting of new coins in Russia had ended in the reign of Prince Vladimir Monomakh of Kiev (1113-1125). The inflow of foreign coins dried up with the decline in the commerce with other lands, and furs and small silver bars had come into wide use as mediums of exchange, reflecting the low level of internal trade. Then, in the latter part of the fourteenth century, in the reign of Dimitrii Donskoi, Prince of Moscow, the minting of new coins was resumed. Foreign money began coming in again. In the first part of the fiftheenth century silver coins were minted in other principalities, and in the republics of Novgorod and Pskov. Copper money also was turned out.\"§REF§(Blum 1971, 118) Jerome Blum. 1971. Lord and Peasant in Russia. From the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century. Princeton. Princeton University Press.§REF§ \"In the pre-Kievan era cattle and furs had served as mediums of exchange and foreign coins had also been used. In the Kievan centuries metallic money came into general use. Coins were minted from the first half of the eleventh century on into the first quarter of the next century. Small silver bars were also used, and foreign coins had wide circulation.\"§REF§(Blum 1971, 15) Jerome Blum. 1971. Lord and Peasant in Russia. From the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century. Princeton. Princeton University Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 418, "polity": { "id": 206, "name": "dz_numidia", "long_name": "Numidia", "start_year": -220, "end_year": -46 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"Excavations by a German-Tunisian team in the southern part of Dougga have revealed evidence of housing from the Numidian settlement. ... there were a number of late second-century BCE Italian wine amphorae as well as Italian Campana black-glossed wars, common from the second century BCE onward, indicating trade with Italy. Stratified bronze coins included three minted in Rome in 157 or 156 BCE.\"§REF§(Gill and Muskett. 2017, 338) David Gill. Georgina Muskett. Dougga. Paul G Bahn. ed. 2017. Archaeology: The Essential Guide to Our Human Past. Smithsonian Institution. Washington D.C.§REF§ Italian merchant community at Cirta.§REF§(Mommsen 1863) Theodore Mommsen. William P Dickson trans. 2009 (1863). The History of Rome. Volume 3. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 419, "polity": { "id": 542, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4_copy", "long_name": "Yemen - Ottoman period", "start_year": 1873, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": null, "description": "The sources mention taxation and financial compensation: ‘In the west the Imam suffered further setbacks. From the start of the rising certain northern shaykhs were conspicuous in the area, probably fighting around their own landholdings: Nasir Mabkhut al-Ahmar of al-‘Usaymat and Muhsin al-Qayifi of Kharif around Mahwit […]. Zafir Hajjah was finally surrendered after having been held by the Imam’s supporters for a full year. Nasir al-Ahmar admitted that although the water tanks were running dry and his men were exhausted, the surrender itself involved ‘a sum of money’ (shay’ min al-mal). ‘Ali al-Iryani reckoned it at 11,000 riyals (Zabarah 1956:i. 2/81-2), an enormous sum by the standards of the time.’ §REF§Dresch, Paul 1989. “Tribes, Government, and History in Yemen”, 221§REF§ ‘Al-Hadi Sharaf al-Din died in 1890. Al-Mansur Muhammad Hamid al-Din, who was in San’a’ at the time, was called on to take the Imamate and had little option but to leave he city. The sayyids of the Sa’dah area took time to organize themselves around him (al-Mahdi Muhammad was still active at Barat), and meanwhile some hundreds of Hashid chiefs came into San’a’, returning still in receipt of large Turkish stipends (al-Hibshi 1980: 393-9). But the rains then failed, and fighting broke out between the tribes just north-east of San’a’. The sorghum crop was ruined in the summer by locusts and the Turks applied severe pressure to the shaykhs of Hajjah, among other areas, presumably to extract taxes […].’ §REF§Dresch, Paul 1989. “Tribes, Government, and History in Yemen”, 220§REF§ It is assumed here that Ottoman coins were in circulation." }, { "id": 420, "polity": { "id": 237, "name": "ml_songhai_1", "long_name": "Songhai Empire", "start_year": 1376, "end_year": 1493 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": "Treasury of coins established from proceeds of taxation <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/587CAWSP\">[Cissoko_Niane 1984, p. 195]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 421, "polity": { "id": 259, "name": "cn_southern_qi_dyn", "long_name": "Southern Qi State", "start_year": 479, "end_year": 502 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": null, "description": "Shen Yue's petition to impeach an official refers to what has been translated as 'cash'.§REF§(Knechtges 2014, 170) David R. Knechtges. Marriage and Social Status. Shen Yue's 'Impeaching Wang Yuan.' Wendy Swartz. Robert Ford Campany. Yang Lu. Jessey J C Choo. 2013. Early Medieval China: A Sourcebook. Columbia University Press. New York.§REF§" }, { "id": 422, "polity": { "id": 380, "name": "th_sukhotai", "long_name": "Sukhotai", "start_year": 1238, "end_year": 1419 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "\"more than a decade of archaeological excavations in the old city of Sukhothai have revealed a large quantity of cowries from the Maldives; no coins, either of local or foriegn manufacture, have been recovered from the site.\"§REF§(Wicks 1992, 171) Robert S Wicks. Money, Markets, And Trade In Early Southeast Asia. The Development of Indigenous Monetary Systems To AD 1400. Cornell Southeast Asia Program Publications.§REF§" }, { "id": 423, "polity": { "id": 217, "name": "dz_tahert", "long_name": "Tahert", "start_year": 761, "end_year": 909 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"Sijilmasa and Tahert became wealthy cities, the former minting gold coins that circulated as far away as Egypt and Syria.\"§REF§(Bulliet et al 2012, 222) Richard W Bulliet. Pamela Kyle Crossley. Daniel R Headrick. Steven W Hirsh. Lyman L Johnson. David Northrup. 2012. The Earth and Its Peoples. A Global History. Volume I: To 1550. Brief Edition. Fifth Edition. Wadsworth. Boston.§REF§ Abbasid coinage or coins from Sijilmasa may have circulated at Tahert markets?" }, { "id": 424, "polity": { "id": 271, "name": "ua_skythian_k_3", "long_name": "Third Scythian Kingdom", "start_year": -429, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"Olbian coins with non-Greek names such as Arichos and Eminakos suggest that the Scythians replaced their Greek puppet tyrants and imposed their own administrators on the city.\"§REF§(Burstein 2010, 141) Stanley H Burstein. The Greek Cities of the Black Sea. Konrad H Kinzi. 2010. A Companion to the Classical Greek World. Wiley-Blackwell.§REF§" }, { "id": 425, "polity": { "id": 230, "name": "dz_tlemcen", "long_name": "Tlemcen", "start_year": 1235, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 426, "polity": { "id": 279, "name": "kz_yueban", "long_name": "Yueban", "start_year": 350, "end_year": 450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "The Yueban were part of northern Xiongnu, who inhabited in the upper Hi River during the fourth and fifth centuries.\"§REF§(Li and Hansen 2003, 63) Jian Li. Valerie Hansen. 2003. The glory of the silk road: art from ancient China. The Dayton Art Institute.§REF§ \"From limited references in the Beishi (Northern histories) and the Weishu (History of the Wei), we know that the Yueban had a well-developed kingdom, with a population of two hundred thousand that spanned thousands of kilometers, in the area north of Kucha.\"§REF§(Li and Hansen 2003, 63) Jian Li. Valerie Hansen. 2003. The glory of the silk road: art from ancient China. The Dayton Art Institute.§REF§" }, { "id": 427, "polity": { "id": 227, "name": "et_zagwe", "long_name": "Zagwe", "start_year": 1137, "end_year": 1269 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 428, "polity": { "id": 222, "name": "tn_zirid_dyn", "long_name": "Zirids", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1148 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 429, "polity": { "id": 586, "name": "gb_england_norman", "long_name": "Norman England", "start_year": 1066, "end_year": 1153 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": "Norman England was integrated into broader European trade networks, resulting in the circulation of foreign coins, particularly from France, Scandinavia, and Flanders. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/T8DZBQSY\">[Dyer 2002]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 431, "polity": { "id": 177, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire IV", "start_year": 1839, "end_year": 1922 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": "Foreign coins, especially those from European nations, circulated extensively. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/V4URRFJX\">[Pamuk 2003]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 432, "polity": { "id": 21, "name": "us_hawaii_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period", "start_year": 1820, "end_year": 1898 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "present", "comment": "Spanish and Mexican silver coins (e.g., pesos and reales), which were common in early trade.\r\nAmerican and British coins, which became more dominant as foreign influence increased.\r\nEven after the Kingdom introduced its own coinage in 1847 and later paper currency, foreign coins remained a significant part of the monetary system due to the Kingdom’s reliance on international trade and foreign settlers. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ST8ANNS2\">[Kuykendall 1997]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 433, "polity": { "id": 92, "name": "in_badami_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Badami", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 753 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 434, "polity": { "id": 94, "name": "in_kalyani_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Kalyani", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1189 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 435, "polity": { "id": 95, "name": "in_hoysala_k", "long_name": "Hoysala Kingdom", "start_year": 1108, "end_year": 1346 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 436, "polity": { "id": 91, "name": "in_kadamba_emp", "long_name": "Kadamba Empire", "start_year": 345, "end_year": 550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 437, "polity": { "id": 96, "name": "in_kampili_k", "long_name": "Kampili Kingdom", "start_year": 1280, "end_year": 1327 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 438, "polity": { "id": 49, "name": "id_kediri_k", "long_name": "Kediri Kingdom", "start_year": 1049, "end_year": 1222 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 439, "polity": { "id": 170, "name": "tr_cappadocia_2", "long_name": "Late Cappadocia", "start_year": -330, "end_year": 16 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 440, "polity": { "id": 180, "name": "it_latium_ia", "long_name": "Latium - Iron Age", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -580 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown but probably inferred present? Greek coinage may have present in Rome and the first Roman coin was based on the Greek style.", "description": null }, { "id": 441, "polity": { "id": 150, "name": "jp_sengoku_jidai", "long_name": "Warring States Japan", "start_year": 1467, "end_year": 1568 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 442, "polity": { "id": 268, "name": "cn_yuan_dyn", "long_name": "Great Yuan", "start_year": 1271, "end_year": 1368 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 443, "polity": { "id": 266, "name": "cn_later_great_jin", "long_name": "Jin Dynasty", "start_year": 1115, "end_year": 1234 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 444, "polity": { "id": 51, "name": "id_mataram_k", "long_name": "Mataram Sultanate", "start_year": 1568, "end_year": 1755 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 445, "polity": { "id": 48, "name": "id_medang_k", "long_name": "Medang Kingdom", "start_year": 732, "end_year": 1019 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 446, "polity": { "id": 456, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_3", "long_name": "Proto-Carolingian", "start_year": 687, "end_year": 751 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 447, "polity": { "id": 260, "name": "cn_sui_dyn", "long_name": "Sui Dynasty", "start_year": 581, "end_year": 618 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 448, "polity": { "id": 261, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_1", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty I", "start_year": 617, "end_year": 763 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 449, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Foreign_coin", "foreign_coin": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null } ] }