Food Storage Site List
A viewset for viewing and editing Food Storage Sites.
GET /api/sc/food-storage-sites/?format=api
{ "count": 447, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/food-storage-sites/?format=api&page=2", "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 1, "polity": { "id": 137, "name": "af_durrani_emp", "long_name": "Durrani Empire", "start_year": 1747, "end_year": 1826 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Granaries and chaff storage were present for cavalry forces. §REF§Noelle, Christine. State and Tribe in Nineteenth-Century Afghanistan: The Reign of Amir Dost Muhammad Khan, 1826-1863. Psychology Press, 1997.§REF§" }, { "id": 2, "polity": { "id": 134, "name": "af_ghur_principality", "long_name": "Ghur Principality", "start_year": 1025, "end_year": 1215 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Moʿezz-al-Dīn required forced sales and confiscated for his army grain which had been stored in the shrine of the Imam ʿAli al-Reza at Mashad-e Tus.\"§REF§(Bosworth 2012) Bosworth, Edmund C. 2012. GHURIDS. Encyclopaedia Iranica. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ghurids\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.iranicaonline.org/articles/ghurids</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 3, "polity": { "id": 350, "name": "af_greco_bactrian_k", "long_name": "Greco-Bactrian Kingdom", "start_year": -256, "end_year": -125 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " granaries, pottery in houses §REF§Fussman, Gérard. \"Southern Bactria and Northern India before Islam: a review of archaeological reports.\" Journal of the American Oriental Society (1996): pp. 243-259.§REF§" }, { "id": 4, "polity": { "id": 129, "name": "af_hephthalite_emp", "long_name": "Hephthalite Empire", "start_year": 408, "end_year": 561 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Pre-existing in the cities. The Questions of King Milinda on Salaka: \"And there is laid up there much store of property and corn and things of value in warehouses - foods and drinks of every sort, syrups and sweetmeats of every kind.\"§REF§(Bauer 2010, 180-181) Bauer, S W. 2010. The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. W. W. Norton & Company.§REF§" }, { "id": 5, "polity": { "id": 281, "name": "af_kidarite_k", "long_name": "Kidarite Kingdom", "start_year": 388, "end_year": 477 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Kidarite rule \"coincided with ... the foundation of new cities such as Panjikent and Kushaniya. (The name of the latter probably indicates a Kidarite royal foundation, as neither the Great Kushans nor the Kushano-Sasanians had exerted control over that region.)\"§REF§(Grenet 2005) Grenet, Frantz. 2005. KIDARITES. Iranicaonline. www.iranicaonline.org/articles/kidarites§REF§" }, { "id": 6, "polity": { "id": 127, "name": "af_kushan_emp", "long_name": "Kushan Empire", "start_year": 35, "end_year": 319 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 7, "polity": { "id": 467, "name": "af_tocharian", "long_name": "Tocharians", "start_year": -129, "end_year": 29 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 8, "polity": { "id": 253, "name": "cn_eastern_han_dyn", "long_name": "Eastern Han Empire", "start_year": 25, "end_year": 220 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Great granary in Luoyang. §REF§(Bielenstein 1986, 498)§REF§" }, { "id": 9, "polity": { "id": 254, "name": "cn_western_jin_dyn", "long_name": "Western Jin", "start_year": 265, "end_year": 317 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Granaries.§REF§(Graff 2002, 37)§REF§" }, { "id": 10, "polity": { "id": 422, "name": "cn_erligang", "long_name": "Erligang", "start_year": -1650, "end_year": -1250 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"These structures have a diameter of about nine meters and were about 30—50 cm above the contemporaneous surface. They have cross-shaped depressions on the floor surface and no doors. Many Chinese archaeologists speculated that these buildings were granaries, but recent soil chemical analysis has suggested they were used for salt storage (Chen et al. 2010).\" §REF§(Campbell 2014, 82)§REF§ \"The early and middle part of Erligang period III was another period of florescence, but one that was short-lived. No major changes occurred in the site in terms of site structure, but the “storage area” (group II) underwent extensive renovation and rebuilding.\" §REF§(Campbell 2014, 75)§REF§ This 'storage area' might not have been dedicated to food storage, however. In Yanshi: \"Aside from the palace-temple area, there was a group of buildings in the southwest of the site surrounded by a wall occupying an area of about 4 ha. Inside the wall were more than 100 large structures arranged in six rows running east-west. Moreover, despite renovations and rebuilding, this area retained its basic layout through the occupation of the site (ZSKY 2003). Because there are no remains of living activities in the area (neither hearths nor middens) and because of the enclosed nature and orderly structure of the area and its location near the palace-temple compound, most Chinese archaeologist interpret it as a storage area of some sort (Du et al. 1999; Wang Xuerong 2000; Liu and Chen 2003; Wang Wei 2005; etc.).\" §REF§(Campbell 2014, 75-76)§REF§" }, { "id": 11, "polity": { "id": 421, "name": "cn_erlitou", "long_name": "Erlitou", "start_year": -1850, "end_year": -1600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Unknown. Storage areas present, but not specified if they were food-specific or state-owned. In the Dongxiafeng site \"Dating from phase III, however, there are 37 cave-houses, four pottery kilns, two wells, five tombs, 13 “storage” caves, 20 small pieces of slag, 6 stone molds, and 21 ash pits in locality 5 alone, suggesting to some that this area was “a working and residential area of craftsmen” (Liu and Chen 2001:17).\"§REF§(Campbell 2014, 36-38)§REF§" }, { "id": 12, "polity": { "id": 471, "name": "cn_hmong_2", "long_name": "Hmong - Early Chinese", "start_year": 1895, "end_year": 1941 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Hmong families stored food in the household: \"In the houses of wealthy families side rooms are built on both sides of the main house (Illus. 17). If the side rooms should have two stories, then the top story is for the storage of grain and the ground floor for rearing domestic animals. [...] Besides the storage loft the Miao house often has underground storage, dug underground about a chang deep and divided into two or three bins for storing foreign potatoes or sweet potatoes. After the sweet potatoes, etc. are stored underground, they are covered with a bamboo-plaited cover, to allow free circulation of air. If the potatoes spoil, it is necessary to wait for some time after the bamboo covering has been removed before going down.\"§REF§Ling, Shun-sheng, Yifu Ruey, and Lien-en Tsao 1947. “Report On An Investigation Of The Miao Of Western Hunan”, 66§REF§ \"Even the poorest house with one room, stable, and thatch roof had a loft for the storage of faggots, straw, unthreshed grain, baskets of grain and miscellaneous articles, sometimes piles of grain and other foods.\"§REF§Mickey, Margaret Portia 1947. “Cowrie Shell Miao Of Kweichow”, 21b§REF§" }, { "id": 13, "polity": { "id": 245, "name": "cn_jin_spring_and_autumn", "long_name": "Jin", "start_year": -780, "end_year": -404 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"The basic wealth of the Spring and Autumn states was thus in grain, and grain was stored by the state as a hedge against famine. On two occasions, grain was transferred between states for famine relief ... These interstate transactions show that states had considerable storage capacity, as well as substantial transport capacity, for food supplies.\"§REF§(Brooks and Brooks) Brooks, E, Bruce. Brooks, A, Taeko. 2015. The Emergence of China: From Confucius to the Empire. Warring States Project.§REF§" }, { "id": 14, "polity": { "id": 420, "name": "cn_longshan", "long_name": "Longshan", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"The well-preserved Zhouli 妯娌 site in Mengjin county provides good information about internal settlement organization during the early Longshan period in central Henan. The Zhouli settlement is composed of three well-arranged segments: parallel residential and storage areas in the north, and a cemetery in the south. Within the residential area, which is protected by a 4m deep moat to the southwest, 15 round, semi-subterranean houses were excavated. Elaborate ones may be as big as 3sqm to 12sqm in area, with hearths, steps (at the entrance) and floors covered by pulverized stone or sand. To the west of the moat, an aggregation of more than 50 pits in a small area likely represents a common storage area.\" §REF§(Zhao 2013, 239)§REF§ Storage pits, although not confirmed to be used for food storage or to be public: \"Within the walls are houses, kilns, tombs, and ash-pits, as well as evidence of violent deaths (human remains were found in disused storage pits) and human sacrifices of both adults and children at the foundation of large buildings (He Deliang 1993: 2).\" §REF§(Demattè 1999, 127)§REF§" }, { "id": 15, "polity": { "id": 266, "name": "cn_later_great_jin", "long_name": "Jin Dynasty", "start_year": 1115, "end_year": 1234 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 16, "polity": { "id": 269, "name": "cn_ming_dyn", "long_name": "Great Ming", "start_year": 1368, "end_year": 1644 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " By the mid-fifteenth century, 11,775 government grain barges were being hauled up and down the canal by 121,500 solders to keep the imperial storehouses in Beijing full. §REF§(Brook, 2010, p.110)§REF§" }, { "id": 17, "polity": { "id": 425, "name": "cn_northern_song_dyn", "long_name": "Northern Song", "start_year": 960, "end_year": 1127 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Granaries (ts'ang) §REF§(Tseng-yü and Wright 2009, 235)§REF§" }, { "id": 18, "polity": { "id": 258, "name": "cn_northern_wei_dyn", "long_name": "Northern Wei", "start_year": 386, "end_year": 534 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Food storage: \"when the commander at Huaihuang refused to distribute relief grain in the summer of 523 he was murdered by the people of the garrison.\" §REF§(Graff 2002, 100)§REF§" }, { "id": 19, "polity": { "id": 543, "name": "cn_peiligang", "long_name": "Peiligang", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -5001 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": true, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " There was a pile-dwelling in Jiahu Phase I that was not a residence.§REF§(Liu 2005: 75) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H</a>?.§REF§ No ritual or domestic artifacts were found under the structure which signals that it might be a communal space. However, Peregrine (2001: 284) writes that households were independent and self-sustaining.§REF§(Peregrine 2001: 284) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/QUL2KD3Z\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/QUL2KD3Z</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 20, "polity": { "id": 543, "name": "cn_peiligang", "long_name": "Peiligang", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -5001 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": true, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " There was a pile-dwelling in Jiahu Phase I that was not a residence.§REF§(Liu 2005: 75) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/Q77FKW2H</a>?.§REF§ No ritual or domestic artifacts were found under the structure which signals that it might be a communal space. However, Peregrine (2001: 284) writes that households were independent and self-sustaining.§REF§(Peregrine 2001: 284) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/QUL2KD3Z\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/QUL2KD3Z</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 21, "polity": { "id": 1, "name": "cn_qing_dyn_1", "long_name": "Early Qing", "start_year": 1644, "end_year": 1796 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " The period of most rapid population growth (1749-1851) was more than a doubling of China’s population. The Qing dynasty had to come up with solutions to increase food production and feed the growing population. High-yielding rice seeds were imported, new crops were introduced from the Americas, grain storage was emphasized, and irrigation works were expanded§REF§(Zhang, 2011, p.131-132)§REF§" }, { "id": 22, "polity": { "id": 2, "name": "cn_qing_dyn_2", "long_name": "Late Qing", "start_year": 1796, "end_year": 1912 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"official granaries\" §REF§(Shi 2017, 63)§REF§ The Board of Works was responsible for maintaining all official buildings, granaries, official communication routes, dykes, dams, and irrigation systems. §REF§(Smith 2015, 103)§REF§" }, { "id": 23, "polity": { "id": 243, "name": "cn_late_shang_dyn", "long_name": "Late Shang", "start_year": -1250, "end_year": -1045 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Storage pits, Palace at Erlitou. §REF§(Cotterell 1995, 15)§REF§ Inferred present for a city or local community." }, { "id": 24, "polity": { "id": 260, "name": "cn_sui_dyn", "long_name": "Sui Dynasty", "start_year": 581, "end_year": 618 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Granaries.§REF§(Xiong 2009, cvii)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 25, "polity": { "id": 261, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_1", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty I", "start_year": 617, "end_year": 763 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Granaries existed under Sui." }, { "id": 26, "polity": { "id": 264, "name": "cn_tang_dyn_2", "long_name": "Tang Dynasty II", "start_year": 763, "end_year": 907 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " need examples. Granaries present under Sui." }, { "id": 27, "polity": { "id": 424, "name": "cn_wei_dyn_warring_states", "long_name": "Early Wei Dynasty", "start_year": -445, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Present in Spring and Autumn Period §REF§(Brooks and Brooks) Brooks, E, Bruce. Brooks, A, Taeko. 2015. The Emergence of China: From Confucius to the Empire. Warring States Project.§REF§." }, { "id": 28, "polity": { "id": 251, "name": "cn_western_han_dyn", "long_name": "Western Han Empire", "start_year": -202, "end_year": 9 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Government grain depots and storehouses. §REF§(Roberts 2003, 49)§REF§" }, { "id": 29, "polity": { "id": 419, "name": "cn_yangshao", "long_name": "Yangshao", "start_year": -5000, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"The layouts of settlement sites suggest that there were three levels of sociopolitical organization in a Yangshao community. The households were the building blocks of the community. About a dozen households formed a corporate group. Although the daily domestic activities were carried out in the household, the distribution of storage facilities suggests that the corporate group likely coordinated the management and distribution of the basic means of subsistence, particularly staple food.\" §REF§(Lee in Peregrine and Ember 2001, 336)§REF§" }, { "id": 30, "polity": { "id": 268, "name": "cn_yuan_dyn", "long_name": "Great Yuan", "start_year": 1271, "end_year": 1368 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 31, "polity": { "id": 435, "name": "co_neguanje", "long_name": "Neguanje", "start_year": 250, "end_year": 1050 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " There is no evidence yet, but it is likely that they existed. §REF§(Giraldo 2015, personal communication)§REF§" }, { "id": 32, "polity": { "id": 436, "name": "co_tairona", "long_name": "Tairona", "start_year": 1050, "end_year": 1524 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Stores could be referring to food storage here: \"We both agree that the complex nature of terrace compounds and multiple, separate, single-cell structures suggests that extended families or kin groups lived in these areas, sharing structures among their members. Seen in conjunction with documentary evidence that suggests a polygamous marriage pattern (Simon 1882, V: 218), it is quite probable that the separate structures found in residential compounds were used along gender and status lines, not including of course, stores or common areas.\" §REF§(Giraldo 2010, 56)§REF§ There are semi-circular bases, which have been interpreted as storage areas following the excavation of one of them. There are four, in peripheric areas. \"En Ciudad Perdida existen también basamentos de forma semicircular, para los cuales, con base en los datos de excavación de uno de ellos, se plantea que probablemente fueron espacios para almacenamiento. Aparecen cuatro, en lugares periféricos.\" §REF§(Serje 1987)§REF§" }, { "id": 33, "polity": { "id": 196, "name": "ec_shuar_1", "long_name": "Shuar - Colonial", "start_year": 1534, "end_year": 1830 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " According to SCCS variable 20 'Food Storage', ‘None’ (coded as ‘1’) were present, not 'Individual households', 'Communal facilities', 'Political agent controlled repositories', or 'Economic agent controlled repositories'. The subsistence system allowed for continuous sowing and harvesting throughout the year: 'Living as they do well to the west of the area which is annually inundated, and consequently being free from dependance on the seasons, they can sow at any time of the year, with the certainty of reaping at the end of the unvarying number of months which are needed in order that the crop may ripen. Yuca, for instance, is ready in six months; Indian corn in three months; yams (a potato which grows three to four feet in length and fifty pounds in weight) in a year; sweet potatoes, peanuts, and tobacco are also cultivated in large quantities.”' §REF§Up de Graff, d., Fritz W. 1923. “Head Hunters Of The Amazon: Seven Years Of Exploration And Adventure”, 202p§REF§ Karsten reports only household-level food storage. [There were no collective storage facilities. In fact the only crops stored in households were/are peanuts and maize. Since the Shuar only use sweet manioc, they do not manufacture manioc flour.] '“The truth is that the married Jibaro woman is not only completely independent within her own sphere of activity, but exercises a remarkable social influence and authority even in matters which mainly concern the husband. It is interesting to state in this respect that a family-father never sells fruit or other articles of food without the consent of his wife. There are, I think, few civilized societies where the man so unfailingly asks his wife's advice, even in unimportant matters, as among these savages. It occurred very frequently during my travels in the forest that I paid visits to the Jibaro houses to buy manioc or bananas, and received from the ‘autocrat’ of the house the answer: ‘I must first ask [254] my wife.’ Frequently the wife happened to be absent for the moment and then the answer was: ‘Wait a while until my wife arrives.’ I saw that there was a store of manioc and bananas in the house, and it would have been an easy thing for the man to give me immediately what I wanted to buy; yet he compelled me to wait for a long while, perhaps for hours, only to be able to ask his wife's permission to make the insignificant bargain. Still one can understand this consideration for the housewife when articles of food are in question. Since the wife is the keeper of the food and is responsible for the existence of a store sufficient for the needs of the family, it is natural that she should also be allowed to decide how much of it can be given to strangers.' §REF§Karsten, Rafael 1935. “Head-Hunters Of Western Amazonas: The Life And Culture Of The Jibaro Indians Of Eastern Ecuador And Peru”, 253p§REF§" }, { "id": 34, "polity": { "id": 197, "name": "ec_shuar_2", "long_name": "Shuar - Ecuadorian", "start_year": 1831, "end_year": 1931 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " According to SCCS variable 20 'Food Storage', ‘None’ (coded as ‘1’) were present, not 'Individual households', 'Communal facilities', 'Political agent controlled repositories', or 'Economic agent controlled repositories'. The subsistence system allowed for continuous sowing and harvesting throughout the year: 'Living as they do well to the west of the area which is annually inundated, and consequently being free from dependance on the seasons, they can sow at any time of the year, with the certainty of reaping at the end of the unvarying number of months which are needed in order that the crop may ripen. Yuca, for instance, is ready in six months; Indian corn in three months; yams (a potato which grows three to four feet in length and fifty pounds in weight) in a year; sweet potatoes, peanuts, and tobacco are also cultivated in large quantities.”' §REF§Up de Graff, d., Fritz W. 1923. “Head Hunters Of The Amazon: Seven Years Of Exploration And Adventure”, 202p§REF§ Karsten reports only household-level food storage. [There were no collective storage facilities. In fact the only crops stored in households were/are peanuts and maize. Since the Shuar only use sweet manioc, they do not manufacture manioc flour.] '“The truth is that the married Jibaro woman is not only completely independent within her own sphere of activity, but exercises a remarkable social influence and authority even in matters which mainly concern the husband. It is interesting to state in this respect that a family-father never sells fruit or other articles of food without the consent of his wife. There are, I think, few civilized societies where the man so unfailingly asks his wife's advice, even in unimportant matters, as among these savages. It occurred very frequently during my travels in the forest that I paid visits to the Jibaro houses to buy manioc or bananas, and received from the ‘autocrat’ of the house the answer: ‘I must first ask [254] my wife.’ Frequently the wife happened to be absent for the moment and then the answer was: ‘Wait a while until my wife arrives.’ I saw that there was a store of manioc and bananas in the house, and it would have been an easy thing for the man to give me immediately what I wanted to buy; yet he compelled me to wait for a long while, perhaps for hours, only to be able to ask his wife's permission to make the insignificant bargain. Still one can understand this consideration for the housewife when articles of food are in question. Since the wife is the keeper of the food and is responsible for the existence of a store sufficient for the needs of the family, it is natural that she should also be allowed to decide how much of it can be given to strangers.' §REF§Karsten, Rafael 1935. “Head-Hunters Of Western Amazonas: The Life And Culture Of The Jibaro Indians Of Eastern Ecuador And Peru”, 253p§REF§" }, { "id": 35, "polity": { "id": 367, "name": "eg_ayyubid_sultanate", "long_name": "Ayyubid Sultanate", "start_year": 1171, "end_year": 1250 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 36, "polity": { "id": 510, "name": "eg_badarian", "long_name": "Badarian", "start_year": -4400, "end_year": -3800 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"The shelters consisted of huts and windbreaks associated with hearths and large, well-shaped granary pits or silos up to about 2.7 m in diameter and up to about 3 m in depth.\" §REF§(Hassan 1988, 153)§REF§" }, { "id": 37, "polity": { "id": 514, "name": "eg_dynasty_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty I", "start_year": -3100, "end_year": -2900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Regional and local officials responsible for hoarding and distribution of grain. §REF§(<a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/the_end_of_the_old_kingdom.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]</a>)§REF§ This was true in Old Kingdom, very likely true in the early period. \"A Third-Fourth dynasty complex found at Elkab consisted of storage facilities, silos, and sites where agricultural produce was transformed (Hendrickx and Eyckerman 2009)\" §REF§(Juan Carlos Moreno García, Recent Developments in the Social and Economic History of Ancient Egypt, 15)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 38, "polity": { "id": 515, "name": "eg_dynasty_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty II", "start_year": -2900, "end_year": -2687 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Regional and local officials responsible for hoarding and distribution of grain. §REF§(<a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/the_end_of_the_old_kingdom.htm\" rel=\"nofollow\">[1]</a>)§REF§ This was true in Old Kingdom, very likely true in the early period. \"A Third-Fourth dynasty complex found at Elkab consisted of storage facilities, silos, and sites where agricultural produce was transformed (Hendrickx and Eyckerman 2009)\" §REF§(Juan Carlos Moreno García, Recent Developments in the Social and Economic History of Ancient Egypt, 15)§REF§<br>" }, { "id": 39, "polity": { "id": 205, "name": "eg_inter_occupation", "long_name": "Egypt - Inter-Occupation Period", "start_year": -404, "end_year": -342 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 40, "polity": { "id": 232, "name": "eg_mamluk_sultanate_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I", "start_year": 1260, "end_year": 1348 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 41, "polity": { "id": 239, "name": "eg_mamluk_sultanate_3", "long_name": "Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III", "start_year": 1412, "end_year": 1517 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 42, "polity": { "id": 236, "name": "eg_mamluk_sultanate_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II", "start_year": 1348, "end_year": 1412 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 43, "polity": { "id": 519, "name": "eg_middle_k", "long_name": "Egypt - Middle Kingdom", "start_year": -2016, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Askut fortress, granaries could supply 3,668 men on an annual basis §REF§(Spalinger 2013, 426 cite: Barry Kemp)§REF§ Large granaries. §REF§(Willems 2013, 357)§REF§" }, { "id": 44, "polity": { "id": 511, "name": "eg_naqada_1", "long_name": "Naqada I", "start_year": -3800, "end_year": -3550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " silos present during the Badarian period: \"The shelters consisted of huts and windbreaks associated with hearths and large, well-shaped granary pits or silos up to about 2.7 m in diameter and up to about 3 m in depth.\" §REF§(Hassan 1988, 153)§REF§ In this period settlements had thousands of people." }, { "id": 45, "polity": { "id": 512, "name": "eg_naqada_2", "long_name": "Naqada II", "start_year": -3550, "end_year": -3300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " inferred present since the Badarian." }, { "id": 46, "polity": { "id": 513, "name": "eg_naqada_3", "long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty 0", "start_year": -3300, "end_year": -3100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 47, "polity": { "id": 199, "name": "eg_new_k_2", "long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period", "start_year": -1293, "end_year": -1070 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Granaries. §REF§(Trigger 1983, 232)§REF§ Taxes - usually grain and cattle - stored in temple or state granaries. §REF§(Unknown <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://www.oup.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/170013/HUR_Ant2_2e_Ch01.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">[10]</a>, 13)§REF§ \"The Great Harris Papyrus, in the British Museum, records that during the reign of<br>Ramesses II, 81 322 men worked in the Temple of Karnak, tending over 400 000 livestock. The huge storehouses attached to the temples were major centres for the redistribution of goods.\"§REF§(Unknown <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://www.oup.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/170013/HUR_Ant2_2e_Ch01.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">[11]</a>, 13)§REF§ Panehsy usurped \"the office of 'overseer of the granaries'\" \"to feed his men in a city that as already suffering from economic malaise.§REF§(Van Dijk 2000, 302)§REF§" }, { "id": 48, "polity": { "id": 198, "name": "eg_new_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period", "start_year": -1550, "end_year": -1293 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Granaries. §REF§(Trigger 1983, 232)§REF§<br>Taxes - usually grain and cattle - stored in temple or state granaries. §REF§(Unknown <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://www.oup.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/170013/HUR_Ant2_2e_Ch01.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">[8]</a>, 13)§REF§ \"The Great Harris Papyrus, in the British Museum, records that during the reign ofRamesses II, 81 322 men worked in the Temple of Karnak, tending over 400 000 livestock. The huge storehouses attached to the temples were major centres for the redistribution of goods.\"§REF§(Unknown <a class=\"external autonumber\" href=\"http://www.oup.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0012/170013/HUR_Ant2_2e_Ch01.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow\">[9]</a>, 13)§REF§" }, { "id": 49, "polity": { "id": 516, "name": "eg_old_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2650, "end_year": -2350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Every collective in Egyptian society, whether a town or a village, maintained grain storage facilities\" §REF§(Papazian 2013, 59)§REF§ \"A Third-Fourth dynasty complex found at Elkab consisted of storage facilities, silos, and sites where agricultural produce was transformed (Hendrickx and Eyckerman 2009)\" §REF§(Juan Carlos Moreno García, Recent Developments in the Social and Economic History of Ancient Egypt, 15)§REF§" }, { "id": 50, "polity": { "id": 517, "name": "eg_old_k_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Late Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2350, "end_year": -2150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Food_storage_site", "food_storage_site": "present", "comment": null, "description": " e.g. granary complex. §REF§(Papazian 2013)§REF§ This doesn't qualify as a specialised government building. \"Every collective in Egyptian society, whether a town or a village, maintained grain storage facilities\" §REF§(Papazian 2013, 59)§REF§ \"A Third-Fourth dynasty complex found at Elkab consisted of storage facilities, silos, and sites where agricultural produce was transformed (Hendrickx and Eyckerman 2009)\" §REF§(Juan Carlos Moreno García, Recent Developments in the Social and Economic History of Ancient Egypt, 15)§REF§" } ] }