Entertainment Building List
A viewset for viewing and editing Entertainment Buildings.
GET /api/sc/entertainment-buildings/?format=api
{ "count": 86, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/entertainment-buildings/?format=api&page=2", "previous": null, "results": [ { "id": 1, "polity": { "id": 628, "name": "sl_dambadeniya", "long_name": "Dambadaneiya", "start_year": 1232, "end_year": 1293 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"[T]he city of Polonnaruva as well as the civilisation of which it had become the centre had suffered severe adversities. [...] Vijayabahu, however, applied himself energetically to recreate even partially the lost splendour of the former capital. [...] We are told that the city was adorned with viharas which were provided with their characteristic complements such as parks, bathing ponds, mandapas and pasadas.\" 395-396 " }, { "id": 2, "polity": { "id": 632, "name": "nl_dutch_emp_1", "long_name": "Dutch Empire", "start_year": 1648, "end_year": 1795 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Theatres. \"The emerging interest in exotic cultures also trickled down into the Amsterdam theatre, which showed a surprising interest in the current affairs of oriental empires. This was mainly applied to spectacular, grandscale ‘revolutions’ (omwentelingen) – a concept that contemporaries immediately associated with conquest in Asia and not yet with regime change in the West. Hence, we find the tragedies of Vondel, Zungchin, of ondergang der Sineesche heerschappye (1667), and Joannes Antonides van der Goes, Trazil, of overrompelt Sina (1685), about the Manchu conquest of China and later that of Frans van Steenwyk, Thamas Koelikan of de verovering van het Mogolsche Ryk (1745), about the Iranian conquest of northern India.\" §REF§(Emmer and Gommans 2020: 82) Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/collections/7F5SEVNA/items/AI9PPN7Q/collection.§REF§" }, { "id": 3, "polity": { "id": 613, "name": "bf_west_burkina_faso_yellow_5", "long_name": "West Burkina Faso Yellow I", "start_year": 100, "end_year": 500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The following suggests that the only identified buildings were houses, and that houses fulfilled multiple purposes (\"economically generalized”). ”The community [of Kirikongo] was founded by a single house (Mound 4) c. ad 100 (Yellow I), as part of a regional expansion of farming peoples in small homesteads in western Burkina Faso. A true village emerged with the establishment of a second house (Mound 1) c. ad 450, and by the end of the first millennium ad the community had expanded to six houses. At first, these were economically generalized houses (potting, iron metallurgy, farming and herding) settled distantly apart with direct access to farming land that appear to have exercised some autonomy.\"§REF§(Dueppen 2015: 21-22)§REF§ " }, { "id": 4, "polity": { "id": 617, "name": "bf_west_burkina_faso_red_2", "long_name": "West Burkina Faso Red II and III", "start_year": 1100, "end_year": 1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"The first nondomestic structures identified at Kirikongo are found from Red II and Red III on the peak of Mound 4. This multistory complex has formal similarities to a Bwa ancestor house, which today when associated with the founding house is a sacrificial shrine to the village ancestors, the meeting place for the village council, and maintained by the village headman. Given the presence of these ritual structures, cross-cutting communal activities, and a communally focused built environment, it is possible that an institution similar to the village Do was in existence.\"§REF§(Dueppen 2012: 31)§REF§ " }, { "id": 5, "polity": { "id": 618, "name": "bf_west_burkina_faso_red_4", "long_name": "West Burkina Faso Red IV", "start_year": 1401, "end_year": 1500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred from the following, which pertains to the immediately preceding period. \"The first nondomestic structures identified at Kirikongo are found from Red II and Red III on the peak of Mound 4. This multistory complex has formal similarities to a Bwa ancestor house, which today when associated with the founding house is a sacrificial shrine to the village ancestors, the meeting place for the village council, and maintained by the village headman. Given the presence of these ritual structures, cross-cutting communal activities, and a communally focused built environment, it is possible that an institution similar to the village Do was in existence.\"§REF§(Dueppen 2012: 31)§REF§ " }, { "id": 6, "polity": { "id": 619, "name": "bf_west_burkina_faso_red_1", "long_name": "West Burkina Faso Red I", "start_year": 701, "end_year": 1100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"The first nondomestic structures identified at Kirikongo are found from Red II and Red III on the peak of Mound 4. This multistory complex has formal similarities to a Bwa ancestor house, which today when associated with the founding house is a sacrificial shrine to the village ancestors, the meeting place for the village council, and maintained by the village headman. Given the presence of these ritual structures, cross-cutting communal activities, and a communally focused built environment, it is possible that an institution similar to the village Do was in existence.\"§REF§(Dueppen 2012: 31)§REF§ " }, { "id": 7, "polity": { "id": 614, "name": "cd_kanem", "long_name": "Kanem", "start_year": 800, "end_year": 1379 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " The near-absence of archaeologically identified settlements makes it particularly challenging to infer most building types. \"While the historical sources provide a vague picture of the events of the first 500 years of the Kanem-Borno empire, archaeologically almost nothing is known. [...] Summing up, very little is known about the capitals or towns of the early Kanem- Borno empire. The locations of the earliest sites have been obscured under the southwardly protruding sands of the Sahara, and none of the later locations can be identified with certainty.\"§REF§(Gronenborn 2002: 104-110)§REF§" }, { "id": 8, "polity": { "id": 663, "name": "ni_oyo_emp_1", "long_name": "Oyo", "start_year": 1300, "end_year": 1535 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " \"Contexts that could shed light on the dynamics of social structure and hierarchies in the metropolis, such as the royal burial site of Oyo monarchs and the residences of the elite population, have not been investigated. The mapping of the palace structures has not been followed by systematic excavations (Soper, 1992); and questions of the economy, military system, and ideology of the empire have not been addressed archaeologically, although their general patterns are known from historical studies (e.g, Johnson, 1921; Law, 1977).\"§REF§(Ogundiran 2005: 151-152)§REF§ Regarding this period, however, one of the historical studies mentioned in this quote also notes: \"Of the earliestperiod of Oyo history, before the sixteenth century, very little is known.\"§REF§(Law 1977: 33)§REF§ Law does not then go on to provide specific information directly relevant to this variable." }, { "id": 9, "polity": { "id": 280, "name": "hu_hun_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of the Huns", "start_year": 376, "end_year": 469 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Bathhouses. “Finally they reached Attila's base, which Priscus describes as a 'very large village'… The only stone building was a bath-house, constructed on the orders of one of Attila's leading supporters, Onegesius. He had had the stone imported from the Roman province of Pannonia across the Danube. It was built by a Roman prisoner of war who had hoped to secure his release after the job was done. Unhappily for him, he had made himself indispensable and was kept on to manage the bath-house.”§REF§(Kennedy 2002: 44) Kennedy, Hugh. 2002. Mongols, Huns and Vikings: Nomads at War. London: Cassell. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZN9N624X§REF§" }, { "id": 10, "polity": { "id": 569, "name": "mx_mexico_1", "long_name": "Early United Mexican States", "start_year": 1810, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " i.e. restaurant; cafés; clubs; bathhouses; spas; theatres; casinos; gardens, amusement parks; department stores. “In Mexico City, a fashionable shopping district demarcated by Plateros (today Madero), Tlapaleros (presently 16 de Septiembre), and Capuchinas (today’s Venustiano Carranza) emerged by the early twentieth century, in which 25% of all the country’s commercial transactions took place (Johns 1997)… there developed in major cities a plethora of private or semi-private spaces of commercialized leisure. Restaurants, cafés, expatriate clubs (le Cercle Français, el Casino Español, l’Orfeó Català, the Casino Alemán), bathhouses, spas, theatres, and the beer gardens and amusement parks known as tívolis (that served as grounds for events ranging from French independence celebrations to charity bazaars known as Kermesses) provided the illusion of liberal equality of access yet restricted access through financial and social barriers or physical distance. To keep up with the growing numbers of foreign tourists and investors, new hospitality services developed, such as catering, bars, and hotels, which also served government clientele, making available new spaces, new experiences, and new practices.”§REF§(Bunker and Macias-Gonzalez 2011: 71) Bunker, Steven B. and Macías-González, Víctor M. 2011. “Consumption and Material Culture from Pre-Contact through the Porfiriato,” in A Companion to Mexican History and Culture, ed. William H. Beezley. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. pp54–82. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SDIQ5VE7§REF§ “Although the Parisian “Palaces of Consumption” such as Aristide Boucicault’s Bon Marché had only appeared in the late1860s, by 1891, Mexico City’s first purpose-built department store, Las Fábricas de Francia provided the capital with an icon of nineteenth-century bourgeois culture’s “identification with appearances and material possessions” (Miller 1981). Legend holds that onlookers dubbed it El Palacio de Hierro for its iron framework and great height. Its 25,000 square feet of floor space (doubled by 1900) distributed over 5 stories that towered over neighboring structures, accommodated a large clientele, and created a vast, light, and airy expanse that exhibited large quantities of goods using enormous plate glass windows, display cases, and electric lighting. Other features, such as indoor plumbing, pneumatic tube systems, ladies’ rest areas, and elevators, heightened its appeal and representation of modernity.”§REF§(Bunker and Macias-Gonzalez 2011: 72) Bunker, Steven B. and Macías-González, Víctor M. 2011. “Consumption and Material Culture from Pre-Contact through the Porfiriato,” in A Companion to Mexican History and Culture, ed. William H. Beezley. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. pp54–82. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SDIQ5VE7§REF§ " }, { "id": 11, "polity": { "id": 579, "name": "gb_england_plantagenet", "long_name": "Plantagenet England", "start_year": 1154, "end_year": 1485 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Jousting arenas, tennis and other sporting events." }, { "id": 12, "polity": { "id": 305, "name": "it_lombard_k", "long_name": "Lombard Kingdom", "start_year": 568, "end_year": 774 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Amphitheatres, forums, and public baths surviving from the Roman period, were utilised by the Lombards.§REF§Christie 1998: 149-150. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/975BEGKF§REF§" }, { "id": 13, "polity": { "id": 575, "name": "us_united_states_of_america_reconstruction", "long_name": "Us Reconstruction-Progressive", "start_year": 1866, "end_year": 1933 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Present across the US since preceding period. Pubs, inns, restaurants, saloons, dance houses, bordellos, museums, theatres, playhouses, cinema. §REF§Volo and Volo 2004: 13, 15, 112, 283. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SIB5XSW97.§REF§" }, { "id": 14, "polity": { "id": 563, "name": "us_antebellum", "long_name": "Antebellum US", "start_year": 1776, "end_year": 1865 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Pubs, inns, restaurants, saloons, dance houses, bordellos, museums, theatres, playhouses. §REF§Volo and Volo 2004: 13, 15, 112, 283. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SIB5XSW97.§REF§" }, { "id": 15, "polity": { "id": 591, "name": "gt_tikal_late_classic", "long_name": "Late Classic Tikal", "start_year": 555, "end_year": 869 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " “Ballcourts occur at most large Maya centers. Many of them consisted of parallel structures with sloping sides facing inwards, but those at Uxmal and Chichen Itza had vertical walls. All were important foci of public and elite ceremonies. Some of them had round, carved ballcourt markers in the playing alley. Differences in the sizes and forms of ballcourts point to diversity and flexibility in the game, with size reaching its maximum in the ballcourt of Chichen Itza, measuring 166 by 68 metres.”§REF§(Houston and Inomata 2009: 116) Houston, Stephen D. and Inomata, Takeshi. 2009. The Classic Maya, Cambridge World Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZXA5U53G§REF§" }, { "id": 16, "polity": { "id": 567, "name": "at_habsburg_2", "long_name": "Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II", "start_year": 1649, "end_year": 1918 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Cafes; clubs; restaurants; “Other organizations brought new local and regional newspapers into being, newspapers that for the first time reported local events along with international or court news. And more often than not, the middle classes were reading and discussing the contents of those newspapers not simply in their own Biedermeier parlors or drawing rooms, but also in a growing numbers of public sites (clubs, cafés, and restaurants) where social and civic life increasingly took place. Each of these diverse institutions— the museum, the library, the newspaper, the club, the café— had its roots in the seventeenth or eighteenth century, but only in the first half of the nineteenth century did their numbers proliferate significantly, and not simply in the few large cities of the empire like Vienna, Prague, or Milan. As smaller towns grew in size, the character of public life there gradually changed as well. In the late eighteenth century the Austrian Freemason Johann Pezzl had already observed that cafés not only were associated with urban life, but ‘as everyone knows, are considered nowadays to be one of the indispensable requirements of every large town.’ “§REF§(Judson 2016: 141) Judson, Pieter M. 2016. The Habsburg Empire: A New History. Cambridge, USA; London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/BN5TQZBW§REF§ " }, { "id": 17, "polity": { "id": 295, "name": "tm_khwarezmid_emp", "long_name": "Khwarezmid Empire", "start_year": 1157, "end_year": 1231 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Khᾱn’s (rest houses) were built which had books and chess boards.§REF§Barthold 1968: 429. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2CHVZMEB§REF§" }, { "id": 18, "polity": { "id": 561, "name": "us_hohokam_culture", "long_name": "Hohokam Culture", "start_year": 300, "end_year": 1500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " In larger settlements, ball courts were constructed which would have been used for games and ceremonies, and possibly public dance and performance spaces.§REF§Barnhart 2018: 140. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/VPVHH2HJ§REF§ More than 200 ball courts have been found in southern and central Arizona.§REF§“The Ancestral Sonoran Desert People - Casa Grande Ruins National Monument (U.S. National Park Service),”. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HZ95455H§REF§" }, { "id": 19, "polity": { "id": 565, "name": "at_habsburg_1", "long_name": "Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I", "start_year": 1454, "end_year": 1648 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Taverns, playhouses" }, { "id": 20, "polity": { "id": 351, "name": "am_artaxiad_dyn", "long_name": "Armenian Kingdom", "start_year": -188, "end_year": 6 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " The capital city of Artaxiasata had public baths.§REF§Hovannisian 2004: 49. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/8B4DBDFU§REF§ There was a theatre built in Tigranakert at which a troupe of Greek actors performed the first play.§REF§Hovannisian 2004: 57. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/8B4DBDFU§REF§" }, { "id": 21, "polity": { "id": 573, "name": "ru_golden_horde", "long_name": "Golden Horde", "start_year": 1240, "end_year": 1440 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Public baths were places of recreation and where clubs met.§REF§Khakimov and Favereau 2017: 651. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QL8H3FN8§REF§" }, { "id": 22, "polity": { "id": 587, "name": "gb_british_emp_1", "long_name": "British Empire I", "start_year": 1690, "end_year": 1849 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Theatres, gambling halls, coffee-houses, pubs." }, { "id": 23, "polity": { "id": 566, "name": "fr_france_napoleonic", "long_name": "Napoleonic France", "start_year": 1816, "end_year": 1870 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Café, cabaret, working-men’s clubs, theatres etc.§REF§Crook 2002: 147. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE.§REF§" }, { "id": 24, "polity": { "id": 567, "name": "at_habsburg_2", "long_name": "Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II", "start_year": 1649, "end_year": 1918 }, "year_from": 1867, "year_to": 1918, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Cafes; clubs; restaurants; theatres; swimming pools. “Other organizations brought new local and regional newspapers into being, newspapers that for the first time reported local events along with international or court news. And more often than not, the middle classes were reading and discussing the contents of those newspapers not simply in their own Biedermeier parlors or drawing rooms, but also in a growing numbers of public sites (clubs, cafés, and restaurants) where social and civic life increasingly took place. Each of these diverse institutions— the museum, the library, the newspaper, the club, the café— had its roots in the seventeenth or eighteenth century, but only in the first half of the nineteenth century did their numbers proliferate significantly, and not simply in the few large cities of the empire like Vienna, Prague, or Milan. As smaller towns grew in size, the character of public life there gradually changed as well. In the late eighteenth century the Austrian Freemason Johann Pezzl had already observed that cafés not only were associated with urban life, but ‘as everyone knows, are considered nowadays to be one of the indispensable requirements of every large town.’ “§REF§(Judson 2016: 141) Judson, Pieter M. 2016. The Habsburg Empire: A New History. Cambridge, USA; London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/BN5TQZBW§REF§ “What is more important to understand, however, is the dizzying array of imperial projects undertaken by small and medium- sized towns in the two decades from 1895 to 1914— projects ranging from new school buildings and hospitals to libraries and theaters, from electric lights to public swimming pools, from new railway stations to tramway systems.”§REF§(Judson 2016: 356-357) Judson, Pieter M. 2016. The Habsburg Empire: A New History. Cambridge, USA; London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/BN5TQZBW§REF§ “In the first half of the eighteenth century a theater devoted mainly to the performance of Italian operas and another one for German plays were established under the sponsorship of Count Franz A. Sporck. In 1783 the German National Theater was opened under the sponsorship of Count Francis Nostitz. Here in 1787 Don Giovanni was performed for the first time with Mozart himself conducting. A few years later this theater was dubbed the Theater of the Bohemian Estates or the Estates National Theater. As in Vienna, Punch and Judy shows were performed until the 1770's. An official, though still only interim Czech National Theater, was opened in 1862.”§REF§(Kann 1974: 386) Kann, Robert A. 1974. A History of the Habsburg Empire 1526-1918. Los Angeles: University of California Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/RP3JD4UV §REF§" }, { "id": 25, "polity": { "id": 797, "name": "de_empire_1", "long_name": "Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty", "start_year": 919, "end_year": 1125 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 26, "polity": { "id": 360, "name": "ir_saffarid_emp", "long_name": "Saffarid Caliphate", "start_year": 861, "end_year": 1003 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 27, "polity": { "id": 786, "name": "gb_british_emp_2", "long_name": "British Empire II", "start_year": 1850, "end_year": 1968 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Theatres, gambling halls, coffee-houses, cinemas, music halls, pubs etc. §REF§(Porter 1999: 276-77) Porter, Andrew, ed. 1999. The Oxford History of the British Empire: The Nineteenth Century, vol. 3, 5 vols. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/GTF9V4CG§REF§" }, { "id": 28, "polity": { "id": 785, "name": "ye_qasimid_dyn_222222", "long_name": "Qasimid Dynasty XXXXXXX", "start_year": 1637, "end_year": 1805 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Public baths played an important part in the social lives of the inhabitants of the polity.§REF§Bosworth 1997: 2. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JAITFHFE§REF§" }, { "id": 29, "polity": { "id": 302, "name": "gb_tudor_stuart", "long_name": "England Tudor-Stuart", "start_year": 1486, "end_year": 1689 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Pubs; inns; taverns; theatres; fairs; ballrooms. “This explains why the earliest theaters were built outside of the city walls, beyond Guildhall jurisdiction. The first was the Red Lion, established north and east of the city in Whitechapel in 1567. In 1576 James Burbage (ca. 1531–97) founded a public playhouse called, appropriately enough, “the Theatre” in the London suburb of Shoreditch. In 1577 a large open-air public theater entitled “the Rose” was established in Southwark, on the south bank of the Thames. This was followed in 1598 by the Globe. Here, all London could come together in the afternoon to see the latest play. But even here, hierarchy obtained: the wealthy sat in upper boxes, the middling orders sat below them, and relatively common people stood in the large open area on the ground level – hence their designation as “groundlings”.”§REF§(Bucholz et al 2013: 208) Bucholz, Robert, Newton Key, and R.O. Bucholz. 2013. Early Modern England 1485-1714: A Narrative History. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uvic/detail.action?docID=1166775. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XQGJH96U§REF§ Coffee-houses opened in the seventeenth century. There were sporting events from the beginning of the polity period such as horse-racing and cock fighting. Gambling houses were especially popular among the elite.§REF§( Bucholz et al 2013: 370-71) Bucholz, Robert, Newton Key, and R.O. Bucholz. 2013. Early Modern England 1485-1714: A Narrative History. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uvic/detail.action?docID=1166775. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XQGJH96U§REF§ “Alehouses were associated not only with drinking, but also with other, even more dubious activities such as music-making, dancing, gambling, and, in some cases, prostitution and the fencing of goods, not to mention the violence and disorder that always accompanied such pursuits.”§REF§(Bucholz et al 2013: 190) Bucholz, Robert, Newton Key, and R.O. Bucholz. 2013. Early Modern England 1485-1714: A Narrative History. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uvic/detail.action?docID=1166775. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XQGJH96U§REF§ “Inns provided not only accommodation but food, drink, entertainment, postal services, stabling, and a place where businessmen, such as drovers who brought cattle to market or corn factors who transported grain, could make deals. Wares could also be displayed and deals made at fairs and in the great market towns.”§REF§(Bucholz et al 2013: 362) Bucholz, Robert, Newton Key, and R.O. Bucholz. 2013. Early Modern England 1485-1714: A Narrative History. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uvic/detail.action?docID=1166775. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XQGJH96U§REF§ “By the Jacobean period there developed a London “season” from the late autumn to early spring, during which the landed aristocracy resided in the capital, attended plays, balls, and parties, and kept an eye on promising marriage prospects for their children.”§REF§(Bucholz et al 2013: 171) Bucholz, Robert, Newton Key, and R.O. Bucholz. 2013. Early Modern England 1485-1714: A Narrative History. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons. http://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/uvic/detail.action?docID=1166775. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XQGJH96U§REF§" }, { "id": 32, "polity": { "id": 601, "name": "ru_soviet_union", "long_name": "Soviet Union", "start_year": 1918, "end_year": 1991 }, "year_from": 1923, "year_to": 1991, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Several notable examples of entertainment buildings spanned the duration of the Soviet era:\r\n\r\n\r\nBolshoi Theatre, Moscow: One of the most famous historical theatres in Russia, it was a premier venue for opera and ballet. The Bolshoi Theatre, especially after its renovation post-World War II, remained a cultural landmark throughout the Soviet period.§REF§Bolshoi Theatre • History. https://bolshoi.ru/en/about/history. Accessed 23 Nov. 2023<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/MZJQBCMK\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: MZJQBCMK</b></a>§REF§\r\n\r\n\r\nMosfilm Studios, Moscow: Established in the 1920s, Mosfilm was the largest and most prominent film studio in the Soviet Union. It produced many significant Soviet films and served as a hub of the Soviet film industry.§REF§“Mosfilm History,” accessed November 23, 2023, https://en.mosfilm.ru/concern/hystory/<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9VR7EUE9\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: 9VR7EUE9</b></a>§REF§\r\n\r\nLenfilm Studio, Saint Petersburg: Founded in 1918, Lenfilm was another major Soviet film studio, contributing significantly to the development of Soviet cinema.§REF§“История,” accessed November 23, 2023, https://www.lenfilm.ru/studio/history/<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/3XXVW89U\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: 3XXVW89U</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 33, "polity": { "id": 571, "name": "ru_romanov_dyn_2", "long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II", "start_year": 1776, "end_year": 1917 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "The Hermitage Theatre was one of the earliest theatres in Saint Petersburg. Established in the mid-18th century, it became a central venue for dramatic and musical performances, serving the Russian elite and general public alike.\r\n\r\n\r\nEarly Cultural Hub: The theatre was an important venue for entertainment and cultural events in Saint Petersburg, one of the empire's most significant cities.\r\n\r\nArchitectural and Historical Value: Although less grand than later theatres like the Bolshoi or Alexandrinsky, the Winter Theatre was architecturally significant for its time and played a key role in the cultural life of the city.\r\n\r\nContinued Use for Entertainment: Throughout its existence, the theatre hosted numerous performances, including plays, operas, and concerts, reflecting the entertainment practices and preferences of the era.§REF§“Hermitage Theater Now | Hermitage Theater | St.Petersburg, Russia.” Accessed December 13, 2023. https://hermitagetheater.com/theater.<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DAIHPNKW\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: DAIHPNKW</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 34, "polity": { "id": 600, "name": "ru_romanov_dyn_1", "long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I", "start_year": 1614, "end_year": 1775 }, "year_from": 1672, "year_to": 1775, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 35, "polity": { "id": 600, "name": "ru_romanov_dyn_1", "long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I", "start_year": 1614, "end_year": 1775 }, "year_from": 1614, "year_to": 1672, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "Early Russian entertainment was often intertwined with religious, communal, or courtly life rather than housed in dedicated entertainment buildings as understood in later periods.\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThe first public theater in Russia was founded in Moscow in 1672. This theater, established during the reign of Tsar Alexis of Russia, marks a significant development in the cultural history of Russia, reflecting the early stages of Western influence on Russian arts and entertainment.§REF§Erik Amburger, “Die Mitwirkenden Bei Der Moskauer Aufführung Des „Artaxerxes“ Am 17. Oktober 1672,” Zeitschrift für Slavische Philologie 25, no. 2 (1956): 304–309.<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/36KQ3PC7\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: 36KQ3PC7</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 36, "polity": { "id": 778, "name": "in_east_india_co", "long_name": "British East India Company", "start_year": 1757, "end_year": 1858 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": "Calcutta quickly expanded and adapted to meet the entertainment expectations of the English people immigrating and working there: race-courses, hotels, clubs, Army and Navy stores all sprang up over the course of the eighteenth-century. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/83IG9AXH\">[Sreemani_Bhattacharya 2020]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 37, "polity": { "id": 781, "name": "bd_nawabs_of_bengal", "long_name": "Nawabs of Bengal", "start_year": 1717, "end_year": 1757 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": "Shah Khanum, sister of Nawab Alivardi Khan, had a zoo for birds and animals constructed at her palace. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/G88NTW2D\">[Ray_Sreemani 2020]</a> All palaces has pleasure houses in their gardens for entertaining. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/G88NTW2D\">[Ray_Sreemani 2020]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 38, "polity": { "id": 250, "name": "cn_qin_emp", "long_name": "Qin Empire", "start_year": -338, "end_year": -207 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "§REF§(Lewis 2007)§REF§" }, { "id": 39, "polity": { "id": 426, "name": "cn_southern_song_dyn", "long_name": "Southern Song", "start_year": 1127, "end_year": 1279 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": "\"In Hangchow the army owned thirteen large, and six small stores of alcoholic liquor, and dependent upon these stores, there existed taverns in which were housed State prostitutes.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WN3JCFXA\">[Gernet 1962, p. 81]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 40, "polity": { "id": 506, "name": "gr_macedonian_emp", "long_name": "Macedonian Empire", "start_year": -330, "end_year": -312 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": "Ancient Greek scholar Plutarch records a theatre at Pella and a gymnasion was mentioned by Ps-Callisthens. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/CJEMEKZ8\">[Girtzi-Bafas_Özkan_Aygün 2009, pp. 136-144]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 41, "polity": { "id": 337, "name": "ru_moskva_rurik_dyn", "long_name": "Grand Principality of Moscow, Rurikid Dynasty", "start_year": 1480, "end_year": 1613 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 42, "polity": { "id": 284, "name": "hu_avar_khaganate", "long_name": "Avar Khaganate", "start_year": 586, "end_year": 822 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "unknown", "comment": "no data.", "description": null }, { "id": 43, "polity": { "id": 210, "name": "et_aksum_emp_2", "long_name": "Axum II", "start_year": 350, "end_year": 599 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "unknown", "comment": "Many Greek speakers in Aksum. Did they have theatres, like the Greeks?", "description": null }, { "id": 44, "polity": { "id": 308, "name": "bg_bulgaria_early", "long_name": "Bulgaria - Early", "start_year": 681, "end_year": 864 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "uncoded", "comment": null, "description": "\"An inscription probably by Khan Malamir tells us that he held banquets and drinking bouts for Bulgarians while he presented large gifts to the 'Boilads' and 'Bagaines'.§REF§(Ziemann 2007, 618) Daniel Ziemann. The rebellion of the nobles against the baptism of Khan Boris (865-866). Joachim Henning ed. 2007. Post-Roman Towns, Trade and Settlement in Europe and Byzantium: Byzantium, Pliska, and the Balkans. Walter de Gruyter. Berlin.§REF§" }, { "id": 45, "polity": { "id": 312, "name": "bg_bulgaria_medieval", "long_name": "Bulgaria - Middle", "start_year": 865, "end_year": 1018 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "uncoded", "comment": null, "description": "\"An inscription probably by Khan Malamir tells us that he held banquets and drinking bouts for Bulgarians while he presented large gifts to the 'Boilads' and 'Bagaines'.§REF§(Ziemann 2007, 618) Daniel Ziemann. The rebellion of the nobles against the baptism of Khan Boris (865-866). Joachim Henning ed. 2007. Post-Roman Towns, Trade and Settlement in Europe and Byzantium: Byzantium, Pliska, and the Balkans. Walter de Gruyter. Berlin.§REF§" }, { "id": 46, "polity": { "id": 246, "name": "cn_chu_dyn_spring_autumn", "long_name": "Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period", "start_year": -740, "end_year": -489 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 47, "polity": { "id": 273, "name": "uz_kangju", "long_name": "Kangju", "start_year": -150, "end_year": 350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "\"The Kangju further developed a partly urban civilization with clay houses, palaces, and fortified walls. The semisedentary tribal aristocracy lived in the centers of the towns and settlements.\"§REF§(Barisitz 2017, 37) Stephan Barisitz. 2017. Central Asia and the Silk Road: Economic Rise and Decline over Several Millennia. Springer International Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 48, "polity": { "id": 326, "name": "it_sicily_k_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties", "start_year": 1194, "end_year": 1281 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "uncoded", "comment": null, "description": "Pleasure gardens. §REF§(Abulafia 1988, 15, 48)§REF§<br>Royal menagerie with leopards, lions, panthers, camels, dromedaries, rare birds and an elephant. Saracen keepers. §REF§(Allshorn 1912, 122)§REF§" }, { "id": 49, "polity": { "id": 383, "name": "my_malacca_sultanate", "long_name": "Malacca Sultanate", "start_year": 1396, "end_year": 1511 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"Javanese artists labored to craft epics into shadow plays.\"§REF§(Matsuda 2012, 38) Matt K Matsuda. 2012. Pacific Worlds: A History of Seas, Peoples, and Cultures. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ - Requires a stage?" }, { "id": 50, "polity": { "id": 209, "name": "ma_mauretania", "long_name": "Mauretania", "start_year": -125, "end_year": 44 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "\"In general, the period of the independent Numidian and Mauretanian kingdoms saw the evolution and entrenchment of a culture of mixed Libyan and Phoenician character, the latter element being culturally dominant though naturally representing only a minority of the population as a whole.\"§REF§(Mahjoubi and Salama 1981, 462-463) A Mahjoubi and P Salama. The Roman and post-Roman period in North Africa. G Mokhtar. ed. 1981. General History of Africa II. Ancient Civilizations of Africa. Heinemann. California.§REF§" }, { "id": 51, "polity": { "id": 52, "name": "pa_monagrillo", "long_name": "Monagrillo", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "absent", "comment": "'No architectural remains are known from Mon[a]grillo, although excavators reported the presence of clay briquettes showing pole or reed impressions. However, the foundations of simple structures have been identified at the nearby site of Zapotal, which may have been a small village.' <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6ERS93SR\">[Hoopes_Peregrine_Ember 2001, p. 112]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 52, "polity": { "id": 530, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_a", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Early Postclassic", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Entertainment_building", "entertainment_building": "present", "comment": "Some of the larger sites during this period have evidence for ballcourts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/CNG67KKA\">[Kent_Flannery_Marcus 1983, p. 89]</a>", "description": null } ] }