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"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
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"comment": "“[T]he most important ancestral deities, the ‘aumakua, had been transformed by late precontact times into enforcers of “moral law” (Valeri 1985: 24). They were concerned not only with being nourished by offerings but also with their descendants’ adherence to a broader system of norms, which included both ritual and ethical obligations—a distinction between the two was not emic for the Hawaiians. […] What we can say is that Hawaiian religion of the earliest periods represented an intermediate stage between the concepts, deities, and rites inherited from central-eastern Polynesia and the more intricate and formalized system in place by the late eighteenth century.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9MDFMQ73\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 274]</a>",
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"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
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"comment": "“[T]he most important ancestral deities, the ‘aumakua, had been transformed by late precontact times into enforcers of “moral law” (Valeri 1985: 24). They were concerned not only with being nourished by offerings but also with their descendants’ adherence to a broader system of norms, which included both ritual and ethical obligations—a distinction between the two was not emic for the Hawaiians. […] What we can say is that Hawaiian religion of the earliest periods represented an intermediate stage between the concepts, deities, and rites inherited from central-eastern Polynesia and the more intricate and formalized system in place by the late eighteenth century.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9MDFMQ73\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 274]</a>",
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},
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"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
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"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
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"comment": "A single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic. The transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a> Inscriptions note claim that landlords and tenants worshipped the same patron deity. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/W94UAFFP\">[Hoyland 2001, pp. 140-141]</a>",
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"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "A single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic. The transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a> Inscriptions note claim that landlords and tenants worshipped the same patron deity. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/W94UAFFP\">[Hoyland 2001, pp. 140-141]</a>",
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"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "A single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic. The transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a> Inscriptions note claim that landlords and tenants worshipped the same patron deity. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/W94UAFFP\">[Hoyland 2001, pp. 140-141]</a>",
"description": ""
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"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "A single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic. The transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a> Inscriptions note claim that landlords and tenants worshipped the same patron deity. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/W94UAFFP\">[Hoyland 2001, pp. 140-141]</a>",
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"name": "et_aksum_emp_1",
"long_name": "Axum I",
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},
"year_from": null,
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"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"For hundreds of years prior to the local advent of Christianity, it seems that a form or forms of polytheistic belief-system analogous – but by no means identical – to that known to have been established in southern Arabia prevailed also in the northern Horn. Although the deities’ names indicated by the known inscriptions are – with one exception – different, use of the crescent-and-disc symbol – known in earlier times on altars and incense-burners in both southern Arabia and the northern Horn (cf. Chapter 3) – was continued in pre-Christian Aksumite times on coins and on the Anza and Matara stelae (Chapter 6 and 7 respectively), which have been dated to the third century on palaeographic grounds.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/3CGX9GMX\">[Phillipson 2012, p. 91]</a> A single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic. The transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a> Inscriptions note claim that landlords and tenants worshipped the same patron deity. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/W94UAFFP\">[Hoyland 2001, pp. 140-141]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
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"polity": {
"id": 179,
"name": "it_latium_ba",
"long_name": "Latium - Bronze Age",
"start_year": -1800,
"end_year": -900
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"A variety of sources indicate that one form of MSP, supernatural enforcement of reciprocity—including keeping oaths, fulfilling promises, and the proscription of patrons cheating clients—was widespread in Iron Age Italy. Commonalities in Indo-European concepts and language suggest that supernatural enforcement of oaths was already present in Indo-European religion, making it possible to infer its presence in Bronze Age Italy as well (since there is no evidence that this cultural element was first lost and then regained in historic periods); this remains speculative, though, until more direct evidence for the beliefs of early Italians can be found. \" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6N4XAUD7\">[Larson_et_al 2024, p. 54]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 276,
"polity": {
"id": 181,
"name": "it_roman_k",
"long_name": "Roman Kingdom",
"start_year": -716,
"end_year": -509
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"A variety of sources indicate that one form of MSP, supernatural enforcement of reciprocity—including keeping oaths, fulfilling promises, and the proscription of patrons cheating clients—was widespread in Iron Age Italy. Commonalities in Indo-European concepts and language suggest that supernatural enforcement of oaths was already present in Indo-European religion, making it possible to infer its presence in Bronze Age Italy as well (since there is no evidence that this cultural element was first lost and then regained in historic periods); this remains speculative, though, until more direct evidence for the beliefs of early Italians can be found. \" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6N4XAUD7\">[Larson_et_al 2024, p. 54]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
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"polity": {
"id": 180,
"name": "it_latium_ia",
"long_name": "Latium - Iron Age",
"start_year": -1000,
"end_year": -580
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"A variety of sources indicate that one form of MSP, supernatural enforcement of reciprocity—including keeping oaths, fulfilling promises, and the proscription of patrons cheating clients—was widespread in Iron Age Italy. Commonalities in Indo-European concepts and language suggest that supernatural enforcement of oaths was already present in Indo-European religion, making it possible to infer its presence in Bronze Age Italy as well (since there is no evidence that this cultural element was first lost and then regained in historic periods); this remains speculative, though, until more direct evidence for the beliefs of early Italians can be found. \" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6N4XAUD7\">[Larson_et_al 2024, p. 54]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
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"id": 513,
"name": "eg_naqada_3",
"long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty 0",
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},
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"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
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"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
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"description": null
},
{
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"name": "eg_dynasty_1",
"long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty I",
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},
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"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
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"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
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},
{
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"name": "eg_saite",
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},
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"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the New Kingdom onward, heart scarabs were commonly placed on the body in both elite and nonelite burials (Cooney 2008; Vanlathem 2001). These amulets, which were inscribed with a formula from the Book of the Dead enjoining the heart not to testify against its owner, were tied to beliefs surrounding judgment in the afterlife, and they suggest that people among a broader population than the elite expected to confront a divine judgment (Malaise 1978).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 78]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 281,
"polity": {
"id": 521,
"name": "eg_kushite",
"long_name": "Egypt - Kushite Period",
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"end_year": -656
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the New Kingdom onward, heart scarabs were commonly placed on the body in both elite and nonelite burials (Cooney 2008; Vanlathem 2001). These amulets, which were inscribed with a formula from the Book of the Dead enjoining the heart not to testify against its owner, were tied to beliefs surrounding judgment in the afterlife, and they suggest that people among a broader population than the elite expected to confront a divine judgment (Malaise 1978).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 78]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 282,
"polity": {
"id": 199,
"name": "eg_new_k_2",
"long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period",
"start_year": -1293,
"end_year": -1070
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the New Kingdom onward, heart scarabs were commonly placed on the body in both elite and nonelite burials (Cooney 2008; Vanlathem 2001). These amulets, which were inscribed with a formula from the Book of the Dead enjoining the heart not to testify against its owner, were tied to beliefs surrounding judgment in the afterlife, and they suggest that people among a broader population than the elite expected to confront a divine judgment (Malaise 1978).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 78]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 283,
"polity": {
"id": 200,
"name": "eg_thebes_libyan",
"long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period",
"start_year": -1069,
"end_year": -747
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the New Kingdom onward, heart scarabs were commonly placed on the body in both elite and nonelite burials (Cooney 2008; Vanlathem 2001). These amulets, which were inscribed with a formula from the Book of the Dead enjoining the heart not to testify against its owner, were tied to beliefs surrounding judgment in the afterlife, and they suggest that people among a broader population than the elite expected to confront a divine judgment (Malaise 1978).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 78]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 284,
"polity": {
"id": 198,
"name": "eg_new_k_1",
"long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period",
"start_year": -1550,
"end_year": -1293
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the New Kingdom onward, heart scarabs were commonly placed on the body in both elite and nonelite burials (Cooney 2008; Vanlathem 2001). These amulets, which were inscribed with a formula from the Book of the Dead enjoining the heart not to testify against its owner, were tied to beliefs surrounding judgment in the afterlife, and they suggest that people among a broader population than the elite expected to confront a divine judgment (Malaise 1978).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 78]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 285,
"polity": {
"id": 520,
"name": "eg_thebes_hyksos",
"long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period",
"start_year": -1720,
"end_year": -1567
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“Inscriptions and literary texts from the Middle Kingdom show the concept of ma’at beginning to be used in a more personal sense and in a broader range of contexts. Texts from tombs and funerary stelae, which are more abundant and diverse than from earlier times, make clear that living a virtuous, just, and ordered life—a life according to ma’at—was the responsibility of nonroyal elites and of the wider literate group (e.g., Lichtheim 1992: 33–41).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 76]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 286,
"polity": {
"id": 519,
"name": "eg_middle_k",
"long_name": "Egypt - Middle Kingdom",
"start_year": -2016,
"end_year": -1700
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“Inscriptions and literary texts from the Middle Kingdom show the concept of ma’at beginning to be used in a more personal sense and in a broader range of contexts. Texts from tombs and funerary stelae, which are more abundant and diverse than from earlier times, make clear that living a virtuous, just, and ordered life—a life according to ma’at—was the responsibility of nonroyal elites and of the wider literate group (e.g., Lichtheim 1992: 33–41).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 76]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 287,
"polity": {
"id": 518,
"name": "eg_regions",
"long_name": "Egypt - Period of the Regions",
"start_year": -2150,
"end_year": -2016
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“Inscriptions and literary texts from the Middle Kingdom show the concept of ma’at beginning to be used in a more personal sense and in a broader range of contexts. Texts from tombs and funerary stelae, which are more abundant and diverse than from earlier times, make clear that living a virtuous, just, and ordered life—a life according to ma’at—was the responsibility of nonroyal elites and of the wider literate group (e.g., Lichtheim 1992: 33–41).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 76]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 288,
"polity": {
"id": 164,
"name": "tr_hatti_new_k",
"long_name": "Hatti - New Kingdom",
"start_year": -1400,
"end_year": -1180
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“Muršili II (r. c. 1321‒1295 CE), interpreting a devastating plague as a sign of the gods’ displeasure, sought possible explanations in the conduct of his father, Šuppiluliuma I, who had broken a peace treaty with Egypt guaranteed by the storm god of Ḫatti (Bryce 2002: 140; Singer 2002: 9–10).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NDGF9JRC\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 135]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 289,
"polity": {
"id": 163,
"name": "tr_konya_lba",
"long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II",
"start_year": -1500,
"end_year": -1400
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“Muršili II (r. c. 1321‒1295 CE), interpreting a devastating plague as a sign of the gods’ displeasure, sought possible explanations in the conduct of his father, Šuppiluliuma I, who had broken a peace treaty with Egypt guaranteed by the storm god of Ḫatti (Bryce 2002: 140; Singer 2002: 9–10).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NDGF9JRC\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 135]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 290,
"polity": {
"id": 162,
"name": "tr_hatti_old_k",
"long_name": "Hatti - Old Kingdom",
"start_year": -1650,
"end_year": -1500
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“Muršili II (r. c. 1321‒1295 CE), interpreting a devastating plague as a sign of the gods’ displeasure, sought possible explanations in the conduct of his father, Šuppiluliuma I, who had broken a peace treaty with Egypt guaranteed by the storm god of Ḫatti (Bryce 2002: 140; Singer 2002: 9–10).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NDGF9JRC\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 135]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 291,
"polity": {
"id": 476,
"name": "iq_akkad_emp",
"long_name": "Akkadian Empire",
"start_year": -2270,
"end_year": -2083
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Written evidence for the belief that specific gods punished moral transgressions (in the earliest known texts, the breaking of oaths) dates to the Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). Elites would have been able to produce such texts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/96WUW2P8\">[Cunningham 1997, p. 45]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 292,
"polity": {
"id": 346,
"name": "iq_neo_babylonian_emp",
"long_name": "Neo-Babylonian Empire",
"start_year": -626,
"end_year": -539
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Written evidence for the belief that specific gods punished moral transgressions (in the earliest known texts, the breaking of oaths) dates to the Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). Elites would have been able to produce such texts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/96WUW2P8\">[Cunningham 1997, p. 45]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 293,
"polity": {
"id": 477,
"name": "iq_ur_dyn_3",
"long_name": "Ur - Dynasty III",
"start_year": -2112,
"end_year": -2004
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Written evidence for the belief that specific gods punished moral transgressions (in the earliest known texts, the breaking of oaths) dates to the Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). Elites would have been able to produce such texts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/96WUW2P8\">[Cunningham 1997, p. 45]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 294,
"polity": {
"id": 478,
"name": "iq_isin_larsa",
"long_name": "Isin-Larsa",
"start_year": -2004,
"end_year": -1763
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Written evidence for the belief that specific gods punished moral transgressions (in the earliest known texts, the breaking of oaths) dates to the Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). Elites would have been able to produce such texts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/96WUW2P8\">[Cunningham 1997, p. 45]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 295,
"polity": {
"id": 475,
"name": "iq_early_dynastic",
"long_name": "Early Dynastic",
"start_year": -2900,
"end_year": -2500
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Written evidence for the belief that specific gods punished moral transgressions (in the earliest known texts, the breaking of oaths) dates to the Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). Elites would have been able to produce such texts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/96WUW2P8\">[Cunningham 1997, p. 45]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 296,
"polity": {
"id": 482,
"name": "iq_dynasty_e",
"long_name": "Dynasty of E",
"start_year": -979,
"end_year": -732
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Written evidence for the belief that specific gods punished moral transgressions (in the earliest known texts, the breaking of oaths) dates to the Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). Elites would have been able to produce such texts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/96WUW2P8\">[Cunningham 1997, p. 45]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 297,
"polity": {
"id": 481,
"name": "iq_bazi_dyn",
"long_name": "Bazi Dynasty",
"start_year": -1005,
"end_year": -986
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Written evidence for the belief that specific gods punished moral transgressions (in the earliest known texts, the breaking of oaths) dates to the Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). Elites would have been able to produce such texts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/96WUW2P8\">[Cunningham 1997, p. 45]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 298,
"polity": {
"id": 106,
"name": "iq_neo_assyrian_emp",
"long_name": "Neo-Assyrian Empire",
"start_year": -911,
"end_year": -612
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Written evidence for the belief that specific gods punished moral transgressions (in the earliest known texts, the breaking of oaths) dates to the Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). Elites would have been able to produce such texts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/96WUW2P8\">[Cunningham 1997, p. 45]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 299,
"polity": {
"id": 479,
"name": "iq_babylonia_1",
"long_name": "Amorite Babylonia",
"start_year": -2000,
"end_year": -1600
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Written evidence for the belief that specific gods punished moral transgressions (in the earliest known texts, the breaking of oaths) dates to the Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). Elites would have been able to produce such texts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/96WUW2P8\">[Cunningham 1997, p. 45]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 300,
"polity": {
"id": 480,
"name": "iq_isin_dynasty2",
"long_name": "Second Dynasty of Isin",
"start_year": -1153,
"end_year": -1027
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Written evidence for the belief that specific gods punished moral transgressions (in the earliest known texts, the breaking of oaths) dates to the Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). Elites would have been able to produce such texts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/96WUW2P8\">[Cunningham 1997, p. 45]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 301,
"polity": {
"id": 909,
"name": "iq_middle_assyrian_emp",
"long_name": "Middle Assyrian Empire",
"start_year": -1365,
"end_year": -912
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Written evidence for the belief that specific gods punished moral transgressions (in the earliest known texts, the breaking of oaths) dates to the Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). Elites would have been able to produce such texts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/96WUW2P8\">[Cunningham 1997, p. 45]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 302,
"polity": {
"id": 342,
"name": "iq_babylonia_2",
"long_name": "Kassite Babylonia",
"start_year": -1595,
"end_year": -1150
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Written evidence for the belief that specific gods punished moral transgressions (in the earliest known texts, the breaking of oaths) dates to the Early Dynastic period (2900-2350 BCE). Elites would have been able to produce such texts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/96WUW2P8\">[Cunningham 1997, p. 45]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 303,
"polity": {
"id": 512,
"name": "eg_naqada_2",
"long_name": "Naqada II",
"start_year": -3550,
"end_year": -3300
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 304,
"polity": {
"id": 511,
"name": "eg_naqada_1",
"long_name": "Naqada I",
"start_year": -3800,
"end_year": -3550
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 305,
"polity": {
"id": 421,
"name": "cn_erlitou",
"long_name": "Erlitou",
"start_year": -1850,
"end_year": -1600
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Inferring absence based on the absent code for the most recent period that has left written evidence of religious beliefs (Late Shang, c. 1250-1046 BCE). That absent code is based on the following quote: “Nowhere in the texts do we see clear indication that the Powers are beneficent …. The Shang rulers seek advance approval for their actions - sometimes, it seems, obsessively - but there is no suggestion that the basis for approval will be anything other than the arbitrary inclinations of the Powers”. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HRDEVGKT\">[Eno_Lagerway_Kalinowski 2009, p. 100]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 306,
"polity": {
"id": 419,
"name": "cn_yangshao",
"long_name": "Yangshao",
"start_year": -5000,
"end_year": -3000
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Inferring absence based on the absent code for the most recent period that has left written evidence of religious beliefs (Late Shang, c. 1250-1046 BCE). That absent code is based on the following quote: “Nowhere in the texts do we see clear indication that the Powers are beneficent …. The Shang rulers seek advance approval for their actions - sometimes, it seems, obsessively - but there is no suggestion that the basis for approval will be anything other than the arbitrary inclinations of the Powers”. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HRDEVGKT\">[Eno_Lagerway_Kalinowski 2009, p. 100]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 307,
"polity": {
"id": 420,
"name": "cn_longshan",
"long_name": "Longshan",
"start_year": -3000,
"end_year": -1900
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Inferring absence based on the absent code for the most recent period that has left written evidence of religious beliefs (Late Shang, c. 1250-1046 BCE). That absent code is based on the following quote: “Nowhere in the texts do we see clear indication that the Powers are beneficent …. The Shang rulers seek advance approval for their actions - sometimes, it seems, obsessively - but there is no suggestion that the basis for approval will be anything other than the arbitrary inclinations of the Powers”. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HRDEVGKT\">[Eno_Lagerway_Kalinowski 2009, p. 100]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 308,
"polity": {
"id": 422,
"name": "cn_erligang",
"long_name": "Erligang",
"start_year": -1650,
"end_year": -1250
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_religion_adopted_by_elites",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Inferring absence based on the absent code for the most recent period that has left written evidence of religious beliefs (Late Shang, c. 1250-1046 BCE). That absent code is based on the following quote: “Nowhere in the texts do we see clear indication that the Powers are beneficent …. The Shang rulers seek advance approval for their actions - sometimes, it seems, obsessively - but there is no suggestion that the basis for approval will be anything other than the arbitrary inclinations of the Powers”. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HRDEVGKT\">[Eno_Lagerway_Kalinowski 2009, p. 100]</a>",
"description": null
}
]
}