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        {
            "id": 307,
            "polity": {
                "id": 18,
                "name": "us_hawaii_2",
                "long_name": "Hawaii II",
                "start_year": 1200,
                "end_year": 1580
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "IFR",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "absent",
            "comment": "“[T]he most important ancestral deities, the ‘aumakua, had been transformed by late precontact times into enforcers of “moral law” (Valeri 1985: 24). They were concerned not only with being nourished by offerings but also with their descendants’ adherence to a broader system of norms, which included both ritual and ethical obligations—a distinction between the two was not emic for the Hawaiians. […] What we can say is that Hawaiian religion of the earliest periods represented an intermediate stage between the concepts, deities, and rites inherited from central-eastern Polynesia and the more intricate and formalized system in place by the late eighteenth century.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9MDFMQ73\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 274]</a> However, in late precontact times ritual transgressions and interpersonal transgressions were thought to hold equal weight for supernatural agents. “Illness was often thought to be punishment sent from an offended ‘aumakua. Breaking the food kapus (taboos), bathing in pools that were kapu, violating the kapus of the menstrual period—all could bring reprimands, in the form of physical discomfort. So could behavior that impaired interpersonal relationships—greed, dishonesty, theft. Often these were “diagnostic clues.” A swollen hand pained a thief until he made restitution.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TNICV9KB\">[Pukui_Haertig_Lee 1972, p. 38]</a>",
            "description": ""
        },
        {
            "id": 308,
            "polity": {
                "id": 17,
                "name": "us_hawaii_1",
                "long_name": "Hawaii I",
                "start_year": 1000,
                "end_year": 1200
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "IFR",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "absent",
            "comment": "“[T]he most important ancestral deities, the ‘aumakua, had been transformed by late precontact times into enforcers of “moral law” (Valeri 1985: 24). They were concerned not only with being nourished by offerings but also with their descendants’ adherence to a broader system of norms, which included both ritual and ethical obligations—a distinction between the two was not emic for the Hawaiians. […] What we can say is that Hawaiian religion of the earliest periods represented an intermediate stage between the concepts, deities, and rites inherited from central-eastern Polynesia and the more intricate and formalized system in place by the late eighteenth century.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9MDFMQ73\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 274]</a> However, the following passage suggests that rulers were seen as exceptional, including in terms of their relationship with the gods.  \"As in other Polynesian societies, the status of the Hawaiian chiefly class was based on the quality called mana. The fundamental principle of traditional Hawaiian religion, “mana manifests the power of the gods in the human world” (Shore 1989: 164). The mana of chiefs was manifest in sexual potency and in the growth and abundance of the society’s crops and other food resources (Shore 1989: 138–142). The chiefs’ intercession with the gods was believed to bring the blessings of agricultural abundance, internal order, and success in war. It was in recognition of the potency of chiefly power over both spiritual and earthly matters that commoners supplied the chiefs with material necessities and wealth.\"  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/UVG4PEED\">[Hommon 2013, p. 19]</a>",
            "description": ""
        },
        {
            "id": 309,
            "polity": {
                "id": 21,
                "name": "us_hawaii_k",
                "long_name": "Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period",
                "start_year": 1820,
                "end_year": 1898
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "A~P",
            "comment": null,
            "description": ""
        },
        {
            "id": 310,
            "polity": {
                "id": 538,
                "name": "ye_sabaean_commonwealth",
                "long_name": "Sabaean Commonwealth",
                "start_year": -800,
                "end_year": -451
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "IFR",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "Only a single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic (the transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities), suggesting that this was thought to be a rare event. However, it is worth noting that, in this instance, an entire community suffered punishment, which suggests that rulers were included.  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>,  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a>",
            "description": ""
        },
        {
            "id": 311,
            "polity": {
                "id": 539,
                "name": "ye_qatabanian_commonwealth",
                "long_name": "Qatabanian Commonwealth",
                "start_year": -450,
                "end_year": -111
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "IFR",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "Only a single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic (the transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities), suggesting that this was thought to be a rare event. However, it is worth noting that, in this instance, an entire community suffered punishment, which suggests that rulers were included.  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>,  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a>",
            "description": ""
        },
        {
            "id": 312,
            "polity": {
                "id": 540,
                "name": "ye_saba_k",
                "long_name": "Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan",
                "start_year": -110,
                "end_year": 149
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "IFR",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "Only a single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic (the transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities), suggesting that this was thought to be a rare event. However, it is worth noting that, in this instance, an entire community suffered punishment, which suggests that rulers were included.  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>,  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a>",
            "description": ""
        },
        {
            "id": 313,
            "polity": {
                "id": 353,
                "name": "ye_himyar_1",
                "long_name": "Himyar I",
                "start_year": 270,
                "end_year": 340
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "IFR",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "Only a single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic (the transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities), suggesting that this was thought to be a rare event. However, it is worth noting that, in this instance, an entire community suffered punishment, which suggests that rulers were included.  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>,  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a>",
            "description": ""
        },
        {
            "id": 314,
            "polity": {
                "id": 208,
                "name": "et_aksum_emp_1",
                "long_name": "Axum I",
                "start_year": -149,
                "end_year": 349
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "IFR",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "\"For hundreds of years prior to the local advent of Christianity, it seems that a form or forms of polytheistic belief-system analogous – but by no means identical – to that known to have been established in southern Arabia prevailed also in the northern Horn. Although the deities’ names indicated by the known inscriptions are – with one exception – different, use of the crescent-and-disc symbol – known in earlier times on altars and incense-burners in both southern Arabia and the northern Horn (cf. Chapter 3) – was continued in pre-Christian Aksumite times on coins and on the Anza and Matara stelae (Chapter 6 and 7 respectively), which have been dated to the third century on palaeographic grounds.\"  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/3CGX9GMX\">[Phillipson 2012, p. 91]</a> Only a single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic (the transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities), suggesting that this was thought to be a rare event. However, it is worth noting that, in this instance, an entire community suffered punishment, which suggests that rulers were included.  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>,  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a>",
            "description": ""
        },
        {
            "id": 315,
            "polity": {
                "id": 116,
                "name": "no_norway_k_2",
                "long_name": "Kingdom of Norway II",
                "start_year": 1262,
                "end_year": 1396
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 316,
            "polity": {
                "id": 800,
                "name": "de_empire_3",
                "long_name": "Holy Roman Empire - Fragmented Period",
                "start_year": 1255,
                "end_year": 1453
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 317,
            "polity": {
                "id": 193,
                "name": "it_papal_state_4",
                "long_name": "Papal States - Early Modern Period II",
                "start_year": 1648,
                "end_year": 1809
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 318,
            "polity": {
                "id": 330,
                "name": "pl_teutonic_order",
                "long_name": "State of the Teutonic Order",
                "start_year": 1300,
                "end_year": 1400
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 319,
            "polity": {
                "id": 566,
                "name": "fr_france_napoleonic",
                "long_name": "Napoleonic France",
                "start_year": 1816,
                "end_year": 1870
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 320,
            "polity": {
                "id": 334,
                "name": "pl_jagiellonian_dyn",
                "long_name": "Poland-Lithuania Kingdom",
                "start_year": 1386,
                "end_year": 1569
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 321,
            "polity": {
                "id": 191,
                "name": "it_papal_state_2",
                "long_name": "Papal States - Renaissance Period",
                "start_year": 1378,
                "end_year": 1527
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 322,
            "polity": {
                "id": 565,
                "name": "at_habsburg_1",
                "long_name": "Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I",
                "start_year": 1454,
                "end_year": 1648
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 323,
            "polity": {
                "id": 810,
                "name": "hu_arpad_dyn",
                "long_name": "Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty",
                "start_year": 1000,
                "end_year": 1301
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 324,
            "polity": {
                "id": 333,
                "name": "fr_valois_k_1",
                "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Valois",
                "start_year": 1328,
                "end_year": 1450
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 325,
            "polity": {
                "id": 570,
                "name": "es_spanish_emp_2",
                "long_name": "Spanish Empire II",
                "start_year": 1716,
                "end_year": 1814
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 326,
            "polity": {
                "id": 748,
                "name": "fr_france_modern_1",
                "long_name": "Modern France I",
                "start_year": 1871,
                "end_year": 1940
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 327,
            "polity": {
                "id": 718,
                "name": "es_spanish_emp_3",
                "long_name": "Spanish Empire III",
                "start_year": 1815,
                "end_year": 1931
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 328,
            "polity": {
                "id": 803,
                "name": "de_bavaria_1",
                "long_name": "Electorate of Bavaria",
                "start_year": 1623,
                "end_year": 1806
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 329,
            "polity": {
                "id": 567,
                "name": "at_habsburg_2",
                "long_name": "Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II",
                "start_year": 1649,
                "end_year": 1918
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 330,
            "polity": {
                "id": 579,
                "name": "gb_england_plantagenet",
                "long_name": "Plantagenet England",
                "start_year": 1154,
                "end_year": 1485
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 331,
            "polity": {
                "id": 458,
                "name": "fr_capetian_k_2",
                "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Capetian",
                "start_year": 1150,
                "end_year": 1328
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 332,
            "polity": {
                "id": 545,
                "name": "it_venetian_rep_4",
                "long_name": "Republic of Venice IV",
                "start_year": 1564,
                "end_year": 1797
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 333,
            "polity": {
                "id": 586,
                "name": "gb_england_norman",
                "long_name": "Norman England",
                "start_year": 1066,
                "end_year": 1153
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 334,
            "polity": {
                "id": 190,
                "name": "it_papal_state_1",
                "long_name": "Papal States - High Medieval Period",
                "start_year": 1198,
                "end_year": 1309
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 335,
            "polity": {
                "id": 317,
                "name": "pl_piast_dyn_1",
                "long_name": "Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty",
                "start_year": 963,
                "end_year": 1138
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 336,
            "polity": {
                "id": 459,
                "name": "fr_valois_k_2",
                "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Valois",
                "start_year": 1450,
                "end_year": 1589
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 337,
            "polity": {
                "id": 582,
                "name": "mx_mexico_2",
                "long_name": "Late United Mexican States",
                "start_year": 1921,
                "end_year": 2020
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 338,
            "polity": {
                "id": 799,
                "name": "de_empire_2",
                "long_name": "Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen and Welf Dynasties",
                "start_year": 1126,
                "end_year": 1254
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 339,
            "polity": {
                "id": 460,
                "name": "fr_bourbon_k_1",
                "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Bourbon",
                "start_year": 1589,
                "end_year": 1660
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 340,
            "polity": {
                "id": 302,
                "name": "gb_tudor_stuart",
                "long_name": "England Tudor-Stuart",
                "start_year": 1486,
                "end_year": 1689
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 341,
            "polity": {
                "id": 544,
                "name": "it_venetian_rep_3",
                "long_name": "Republic of Venice III",
                "start_year": 1204,
                "end_year": 1563
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 342,
            "polity": {
                "id": 594,
                "name": "at_interwar_austria",
                "long_name": "Interwar Austria",
                "start_year": 1918,
                "end_year": 1938
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 343,
            "polity": {
                "id": 709,
                "name": "pt_portuguese_emp_2",
                "long_name": "Portuguese Empire - Early Modern",
                "start_year": 1640,
                "end_year": 1806
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 344,
            "polity": {
                "id": 811,
                "name": "hu_later_dyn",
                "long_name": "Hungary Kingdom - Anjou and Later Dynasties",
                "start_year": 1302,
                "end_year": 1526
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 345,
            "polity": {
                "id": 808,
                "name": "pl_poland_lithuania_commonwealth",
                "long_name": "Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth",
                "start_year": 1570,
                "end_year": 1791
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 346,
            "polity": {
                "id": 569,
                "name": "mx_mexico_1",
                "long_name": "Early United Mexican States",
                "start_year": 1810,
                "end_year": 1920
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 347,
            "polity": {
                "id": 568,
                "name": "cz_bohemian_k_2",
                "long_name": "Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty",
                "start_year": 1310,
                "end_year": 1526
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 348,
            "polity": {
                "id": 807,
                "name": "de_empire_2_sub",
                "long_name": "Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen Faction",
                "start_year": 1198,
                "end_year": 1215
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 349,
            "polity": {
                "id": 708,
                "name": "pt_portuguese_emp_1",
                "long_name": "Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period",
                "start_year": 1495,
                "end_year": 1579
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 350,
            "polity": {
                "id": 598,
                "name": "cz_bohemian_k_1",
                "long_name": "Kingdom of Bohemia - Přemyslid Dynasty",
                "start_year": 1198,
                "end_year": 1309
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 351,
            "polity": {
                "id": 809,
                "name": "pl_piast_dyn_2",
                "long_name": "Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty Fragmented Period",
                "start_year": 1139,
                "end_year": 1382
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 352,
            "polity": {
                "id": 461,
                "name": "fr_bourbon_k_2",
                "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Bourbon",
                "start_year": 1660,
                "end_year": 1815
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "“The creeds did nothing else than repeat Jesus’ announcement that he would come in glory at the end to judge all people—the Final Judgement on both humankind as a whole and each individual. What we said above about the particular judgement applies even more to the Final Judgement. Rather than God the judge passing sentence on each and every individual at the general judgement, the whole of humanity and all creation will definitively experience the truth about themselves in the presence of God.”  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 245]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 353,
            "polity": {
                "id": 179,
                "name": "it_latium_ba",
                "long_name": "Latium - Bronze Age",
                "start_year": -1800,
                "end_year": -900
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "IFR",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "\"A variety of sources indicate that one form of MSP, supernatural enforcement of reciprocity—including keeping oaths, fulfilling promises, and the proscription of patrons cheating clients—was widespread in Iron Age Italy. Commonalities in Indo-European concepts and language suggest that supernatural enforcement of oaths was already present in Indo-European religion, making it possible to infer its presence in Bronze Age Italy as well (since there is no evidence that this cultural element was first lost and then regained in historic periods); this remains speculative, though, until more direct evidence for the beliefs of early Italians can be found. \"  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6N4XAUD7\">[Larson_et_al 2024, p. 54]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 354,
            "polity": {
                "id": 181,
                "name": "it_roman_k",
                "long_name": "Roman Kingdom",
                "start_year": -716,
                "end_year": -509
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "IFR",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "\"A variety of sources indicate that one form of MSP, supernatural enforcement of reciprocity—including keeping oaths, fulfilling promises, and the proscription of patrons cheating clients—was widespread in Iron Age Italy. Commonalities in Indo-European concepts and language suggest that supernatural enforcement of oaths was already present in Indo-European religion, making it possible to infer its presence in Bronze Age Italy as well (since there is no evidence that this cultural element was first lost and then regained in historic periods); this remains speculative, though, until more direct evidence for the beliefs of early Italians can be found. \"  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6N4XAUD7\">[Larson_et_al 2024, p. 54]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 355,
            "polity": {
                "id": 180,
                "name": "it_latium_ia",
                "long_name": "Latium - Iron Age",
                "start_year": -1000,
                "end_year": -580
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "IFR",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "present",
            "comment": "\"A variety of sources indicate that one form of MSP, supernatural enforcement of reciprocity—including keeping oaths, fulfilling promises, and the proscription of patrons cheating clients—was widespread in Iron Age Italy. Commonalities in Indo-European concepts and language suggest that supernatural enforcement of oaths was already present in Indo-European religion, making it possible to infer its presence in Bronze Age Italy as well (since there is no evidence that this cultural element was first lost and then regained in historic periods); this remains speculative, though, until more direct evidence for the beliefs of early Italians can be found. \"  <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6N4XAUD7\">[Larson_et_al 2024, p. 54]</a>",
            "description": null
        },
        {
            "id": 356,
            "polity": {
                "id": 513,
                "name": "eg_naqada_3",
                "long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty 0",
                "start_year": -3300,
                "end_year": -3100
            },
            "year_from": null,
            "year_to": null,
            "tag": "TRS",
            "is_disputed": false,
            "is_uncertain": false,
            "name": "Moralizing_enforcement_of_rulers",
            "coded_value": "unknown",
            "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
            "description": null
        }
    ]
}