HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept
{
"count": 472,
"next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/rt/moralizing-enforcement-is-targeted/?format=api&page=9",
"previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/rt/moralizing-enforcement-is-targeted/?format=api&page=7",
"results": [
{
"id": 358,
"polity": {
"id": 798,
"name": "de_east_francia",
"long_name": "East Francia",
"start_year": 842,
"end_year": 919
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the outset, Christians accepted the once-and-for-all character of life and death. With death the story of each person assumes its complete, irreversible character, and is ‘judged’ by God in what came to be called ‘the particular judgement’. ‘Particular’ judgement was understood to be passed when the individual soul separated in death from the body. The parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16: 19–31) and the words of the dying Jesus to the ‘good thief ’ (Luke 23: 40–3) encouraged the idea of a particular judgement in which the soul at death knows at once its state in relationship to God.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 236]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 359,
"polity": {
"id": 457,
"name": "fr_capetian_k_1",
"long_name": "Proto-French Kingdom",
"start_year": 987,
"end_year": 1150
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the outset, Christians accepted the once-and-for-all character of life and death. With death the story of each person assumes its complete, irreversible character, and is ‘judged’ by God in what came to be called ‘the particular judgement’. ‘Particular’ judgement was understood to be passed when the individual soul separated in death from the body. The parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16: 19–31) and the words of the dying Jesus to the ‘good thief ’ (Luke 23: 40–3) encouraged the idea of a particular judgement in which the soul at death knows at once its state in relationship to God.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 236]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 360,
"polity": {
"id": 188,
"name": "it_st_peter_rep_1",
"long_name": "Republic of St Peter I",
"start_year": 752,
"end_year": 904
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the outset, Christians accepted the once-and-for-all character of life and death. With death the story of each person assumes its complete, irreversible character, and is ‘judged’ by God in what came to be called ‘the particular judgement’. ‘Particular’ judgement was understood to be passed when the individual soul separated in death from the body. The parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16: 19–31) and the words of the dying Jesus to the ‘good thief ’ (Luke 23: 40–3) encouraged the idea of a particular judgement in which the soul at death knows at once its state in relationship to God.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 236]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 361,
"polity": {
"id": 189,
"name": "it_st_peter_rep_2",
"long_name": "Rome - Republic of St Peter II",
"start_year": 904,
"end_year": 1198
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the outset, Christians accepted the once-and-for-all character of life and death. With death the story of each person assumes its complete, irreversible character, and is ‘judged’ by God in what came to be called ‘the particular judgement’. ‘Particular’ judgement was understood to be passed when the individual soul separated in death from the body. The parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16: 19–31) and the words of the dying Jesus to the ‘good thief ’ (Luke 23: 40–3) encouraged the idea of a particular judgement in which the soul at death knows at once its state in relationship to God.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 236]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 362,
"polity": {
"id": 304,
"name": "fr_merovingian_emp_1",
"long_name": "Early Merovingian",
"start_year": 481,
"end_year": 543
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the outset, Christians accepted the once-and-for-all character of life and death. With death the story of each person assumes its complete, irreversible character, and is ‘judged’ by God in what came to be called ‘the particular judgement’. ‘Particular’ judgement was understood to be passed when the individual soul separated in death from the body. The parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16: 19–31) and the words of the dying Jesus to the ‘good thief ’ (Luke 23: 40–3) encouraged the idea of a particular judgement in which the soul at death knows at once its state in relationship to God.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 236]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 363,
"polity": {
"id": 185,
"name": "it_western_roman_emp",
"long_name": "Western Roman Empire - Late Antiquity",
"start_year": 395,
"end_year": 476
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the outset, Christians accepted the once-and-for-all character of life and death. With death the story of each person assumes its complete, irreversible character, and is ‘judged’ by God in what came to be called ‘the particular judgement’. ‘Particular’ judgement was understood to be passed when the individual soul separated in death from the body. The parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16: 19–31) and the words of the dying Jesus to the ‘good thief ’ (Luke 23: 40–3) encouraged the idea of a particular judgement in which the soul at death knows at once its state in relationship to God.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 236]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 364,
"polity": {
"id": 305,
"name": "it_lombard_k",
"long_name": "Lombard Kingdom",
"start_year": 568,
"end_year": 774
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the outset, Christians accepted the once-and-for-all character of life and death. With death the story of each person assumes its complete, irreversible character, and is ‘judged’ by God in what came to be called ‘the particular judgement’. ‘Particular’ judgement was understood to be passed when the individual soul separated in death from the body. The parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16: 19–31) and the words of the dying Jesus to the ‘good thief ’ (Luke 23: 40–3) encouraged the idea of a particular judgement in which the soul at death knows at once its state in relationship to God.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 236]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 365,
"polity": {
"id": 311,
"name": "fr_carolingian_emp_2",
"long_name": "Carolingian Empire II",
"start_year": 840,
"end_year": 987
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the outset, Christians accepted the once-and-for-all character of life and death. With death the story of each person assumes its complete, irreversible character, and is ‘judged’ by God in what came to be called ‘the particular judgement’. ‘Particular’ judgement was understood to be passed when the individual soul separated in death from the body. The parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16: 19–31) and the words of the dying Jesus to the ‘good thief ’ (Luke 23: 40–3) encouraged the idea of a particular judgement in which the soul at death knows at once its state in relationship to God.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 236]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 366,
"polity": {
"id": 456,
"name": "fr_merovingian_emp_3",
"long_name": "Proto-Carolingian",
"start_year": 687,
"end_year": 751
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the outset, Christians accepted the once-and-for-all character of life and death. With death the story of each person assumes its complete, irreversible character, and is ‘judged’ by God in what came to be called ‘the particular judgement’. ‘Particular’ judgement was understood to be passed when the individual soul separated in death from the body. The parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16: 19–31) and the words of the dying Jesus to the ‘good thief ’ (Luke 23: 40–3) encouraged the idea of a particular judgement in which the soul at death knows at once its state in relationship to God.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 236]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 367,
"polity": {
"id": 548,
"name": "it_italy_k",
"long_name": "Italian Kingdom Late Antiquity",
"start_year": 476,
"end_year": 489
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“From the outset, Christians accepted the once-and-for-all character of life and death. With death the story of each person assumes its complete, irreversible character, and is ‘judged’ by God in what came to be called ‘the particular judgement’. ‘Particular’ judgement was understood to be passed when the individual soul separated in death from the body. The parable of the Rich Man and Lazarus (Luke 16: 19–31) and the words of the dying Jesus to the ‘good thief ’ (Luke 23: 40–3) encouraged the idea of a particular judgement in which the soul at death knows at once its state in relationship to God.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, p. 236]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 368,
"polity": {
"id": 179,
"name": "it_latium_ba",
"long_name": "Latium - Bronze Age",
"start_year": -1800,
"end_year": -900
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"[T]he scope of punishment was mixed, with either individual transgressors or whole groups targeted for punishment.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6N4XAUD7\">[Larson_et_al 2024, p. 54]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 369,
"polity": {
"id": 181,
"name": "it_roman_k",
"long_name": "Roman Kingdom",
"start_year": -716,
"end_year": -509
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"[T]he scope of punishment was mixed, with either individual transgressors or whole groups targeted for punishment.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6N4XAUD7\">[Larson_et_al 2024, p. 54]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 370,
"polity": {
"id": 180,
"name": "it_latium_ia",
"long_name": "Latium - Iron Age",
"start_year": -1000,
"end_year": -580
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"[T]he scope of punishment was mixed, with either individual transgressors or whole groups targeted for punishment.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6N4XAUD7\">[Larson_et_al 2024, p. 54]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 371,
"polity": {
"id": 513,
"name": "eg_naqada_3",
"long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty 0",
"start_year": -3300,
"end_year": -3100
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 372,
"polity": {
"id": 514,
"name": "eg_dynasty_1",
"long_name": "Egypt - Dynasty I",
"start_year": -3100,
"end_year": -2900
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 373,
"polity": {
"id": 203,
"name": "eg_saite",
"long_name": "Egypt - Saite Period",
"start_year": -664,
"end_year": -525
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The concept of divine judgment after death was elaborated and formalized in the New Kingdom in compositions such as the Book of the Dead, chapters 30 and 125 (e.g., Taylor 2010: 205; for a translation, see, e.g., Quirke 2013). […] Chapter 125 of the Book of the Dead shows that punishment or reward after death was thought to be inevitable and targeted at the individual. This could have been the case in earlier periods, but evidence is lacking.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 77]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 374,
"polity": {
"id": 521,
"name": "eg_kushite",
"long_name": "Egypt - Kushite Period",
"start_year": -747,
"end_year": -656
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The concept of divine judgment after death was elaborated and formalized in the New Kingdom in compositions such as the Book of the Dead, chapters 30 and 125 (e.g., Taylor 2010: 205; for a translation, see, e.g., Quirke 2013). […] Chapter 125 of the Book of the Dead shows that punishment or reward after death was thought to be inevitable and targeted at the individual. This could have been the case in earlier periods, but evidence is lacking.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 77]</a> \"[T]he motif of judgment after death, which in principle signifies concern with [moralistic supernatural enforcement], is attested on objects deposited in burials throughout the time from the New Kingdom to the Greco-Roman period [...]. How strong adherence to this conception was cannot be known, but its continued presence is beyond doubt.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 80]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 375,
"polity": {
"id": 199,
"name": "eg_new_k_2",
"long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Ramesside Period",
"start_year": -1293,
"end_year": -1070
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The concept of divine judgment after death was elaborated and formalized in the New Kingdom in compositions such as the Book of the Dead, chapters 30 and 125 (e.g., Taylor 2010: 205; for a translation, see, e.g., Quirke 2013). […] Chapter 125 of the Book of the Dead shows that punishment or reward after death was thought to be inevitable and targeted at the individual. This could have been the case in earlier periods, but evidence is lacking.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 77]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 376,
"polity": {
"id": 200,
"name": "eg_thebes_libyan",
"long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period",
"start_year": -1069,
"end_year": -747
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The concept of divine judgment after death was elaborated and formalized in the New Kingdom in compositions such as the Book of the Dead, chapters 30 and 125 (e.g., Taylor 2010: 205; for a translation, see, e.g., Quirke 2013). […] Chapter 125 of the Book of the Dead shows that punishment or reward after death was thought to be inevitable and targeted at the individual. This could have been the case in earlier periods, but evidence is lacking.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 77]</a> \"[T]he motif of judgment after death, which in principle signifies concern with [moralistic supernatural enforcement], is attested on objects deposited in burials throughout the time from the New Kingdom to the Greco-Roman period [...]. How strong adherence to this conception was cannot be known, but its continued presence is beyond doubt.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 80]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 377,
"polity": {
"id": 198,
"name": "eg_new_k_1",
"long_name": "Egypt - New Kingdom Thutmosid Period",
"start_year": -1550,
"end_year": -1293
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The concept of divine judgment after death was elaborated and formalized in the New Kingdom in compositions such as the Book of the Dead, chapters 30 and 125 (e.g., Taylor 2010: 205; for a translation, see, e.g., Quirke 2013). […] Chapter 125 of the Book of the Dead shows that punishment or reward after death was thought to be inevitable and targeted at the individual. This could have been the case in earlier periods, but evidence is lacking.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 77]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 378,
"polity": {
"id": 520,
"name": "eg_thebes_hyksos",
"long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period",
"start_year": -1720,
"end_year": -1567
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“Inscriptions and literary texts from the Middle Kingdom show the concept of ma’at beginning to be used in a more personal sense and in a broader range of contexts.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 76]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 379,
"polity": {
"id": 519,
"name": "eg_middle_k",
"long_name": "Egypt - Middle Kingdom",
"start_year": -2016,
"end_year": -1700
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“Inscriptions and literary texts from the Middle Kingdom show the concept of ma’at beginning to be used in a more personal sense and in a broader range of contexts.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 76]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 380,
"polity": {
"id": 518,
"name": "eg_regions",
"long_name": "Egypt - Period of the Regions",
"start_year": -2150,
"end_year": -2016
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“Inscriptions and literary texts from the Middle Kingdom show the concept of ma’at beginning to be used in a more personal sense and in a broader range of contexts.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZQ2347BZ\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 76]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 381,
"polity": {
"id": 164,
"name": "tr_hatti_new_k",
"long_name": "Hatti - New Kingdom",
"start_year": -1400,
"end_year": -1180
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The gods were believed to punish transgressions even when these were unintentional or accidental; if not dealt with properly, the pollution or impurity (papratar) resulting from the transgression would pass on from the original transgressor to their descendants (Collins 2007: 178–9).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NDGF9JRC\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 135]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 382,
"polity": {
"id": 163,
"name": "tr_konya_lba",
"long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II",
"start_year": -1500,
"end_year": -1400
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The gods were believed to punish transgressions even when these were unintentional or accidental; if not dealt with properly, the pollution or impurity (papratar) resulting from the transgression would pass on from the original transgressor to their descendants (Collins 2007: 178–9).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NDGF9JRC\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 135]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 383,
"polity": {
"id": 162,
"name": "tr_hatti_old_k",
"long_name": "Hatti - Old Kingdom",
"start_year": -1650,
"end_year": -1500
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The gods were believed to punish transgressions even when these were unintentional or accidental; if not dealt with properly, the pollution or impurity (papratar) resulting from the transgression would pass on from the original transgressor to their descendants (Collins 2007: 178–9).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NDGF9JRC\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 135]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 384,
"polity": {
"id": 346,
"name": "iq_neo_babylonian_emp",
"long_name": "Neo-Babylonian Empire",
"start_year": -626,
"end_year": -539
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Earliest written evidence of explicit belief in MSP targeted at individuals dates to the 22nd century BCE, e.g. a hymn to Enlil describes him as preventing evildoers from escaping by capturing them in his net. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Z6W3ZCD4\">[Kramer 1956, pp. 53-55]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 385,
"polity": {
"id": 477,
"name": "iq_ur_dyn_3",
"long_name": "Ur - Dynasty III",
"start_year": -2112,
"end_year": -2004
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Earliest written evidence of explicit belief in MSP targeted at individuals dates to the 22nd century BCE, e.g. a hymn to Enlil describes him as preventing evildoers from escaping by capturing them in his net. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Z6W3ZCD4\">[Kramer 1956, pp. 53-55]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 386,
"polity": {
"id": 478,
"name": "iq_isin_larsa",
"long_name": "Isin-Larsa",
"start_year": -2004,
"end_year": -1763
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Earliest written evidence of explicit belief in MSP targeted at individuals dates to the 22nd century BCE, e.g. a hymn to Enlil describes him as preventing evildoers from escaping by capturing them in his net. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Z6W3ZCD4\">[Kramer 1956, pp. 53-55]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 387,
"polity": {
"id": 482,
"name": "iq_dynasty_e",
"long_name": "Dynasty of E",
"start_year": -979,
"end_year": -732
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Earliest written evidence of explicit belief in MSP targeted at individuals dates to the 22nd century BCE, e.g. a hymn to Enlil describes him as preventing evildoers from escaping by capturing them in his net. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Z6W3ZCD4\">[Kramer 1956, pp. 53-55]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 388,
"polity": {
"id": 481,
"name": "iq_bazi_dyn",
"long_name": "Bazi Dynasty",
"start_year": -1005,
"end_year": -986
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Earliest written evidence of explicit belief in MSP targeted at individuals dates to the 22nd century BCE, e.g. a hymn to Enlil describes him as preventing evildoers from escaping by capturing them in his net. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Z6W3ZCD4\">[Kramer 1956, pp. 53-55]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 389,
"polity": {
"id": 106,
"name": "iq_neo_assyrian_emp",
"long_name": "Neo-Assyrian Empire",
"start_year": -911,
"end_year": -612
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Earliest written evidence of explicit belief in MSP targeted at individuals dates to the 22nd century BCE, e.g. a hymn to Enlil describes him as preventing evildoers from escaping by capturing them in his net. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Z6W3ZCD4\">[Kramer 1956, pp. 53-55]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 390,
"polity": {
"id": 479,
"name": "iq_babylonia_1",
"long_name": "Amorite Babylonia",
"start_year": -2000,
"end_year": -1600
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Earliest written evidence of explicit belief in MSP targeted at individuals dates to the 22nd century BCE, e.g. a hymn to Enlil describes him as preventing evildoers from escaping by capturing them in his net. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Z6W3ZCD4\">[Kramer 1956, pp. 53-55]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 391,
"polity": {
"id": 480,
"name": "iq_isin_dynasty2",
"long_name": "Second Dynasty of Isin",
"start_year": -1153,
"end_year": -1027
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Earliest written evidence of explicit belief in MSP targeted at individuals dates to the 22nd century BCE, e.g. a hymn to Enlil describes him as preventing evildoers from escaping by capturing them in his net. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Z6W3ZCD4\">[Kramer 1956, pp. 53-55]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 392,
"polity": {
"id": 909,
"name": "iq_middle_assyrian_emp",
"long_name": "Middle Assyrian Empire",
"start_year": -1365,
"end_year": -912
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Earliest written evidence of explicit belief in MSP targeted at individuals dates to the 22nd century BCE, e.g. a hymn to Enlil describes him as preventing evildoers from escaping by capturing them in his net. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Z6W3ZCD4\">[Kramer 1956, pp. 53-55]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 393,
"polity": {
"id": 342,
"name": "iq_babylonia_2",
"long_name": "Kassite Babylonia",
"start_year": -1595,
"end_year": -1150
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Earliest written evidence of explicit belief in MSP targeted at individuals dates to the 22nd century BCE, e.g. a hymn to Enlil describes him as preventing evildoers from escaping by capturing them in his net. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/Z6W3ZCD4\">[Kramer 1956, pp. 53-55]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 394,
"polity": {
"id": 512,
"name": "eg_naqada_2",
"long_name": "Naqada II",
"start_year": -3550,
"end_year": -3300
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 395,
"polity": {
"id": 511,
"name": "eg_naqada_1",
"long_name": "Naqada I",
"start_year": -3800,
"end_year": -3550
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 396,
"polity": {
"id": 788,
"name": "et_ethiopian_k_3",
"long_name": "Ethiopia Kingdom III",
"start_year": 1769,
"end_year": 1854
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The following quote emphasises the role of each individual's free will in their ultimate fate. “Hell exists as a final possibility, but several of the Fathers have none the less believed that in the end all will be reconciled to God. It is heretical to say that all must be saved, for this is to deny free will; but is legitimate to hope that all may be saved. […] Gregory of Nysa said that Christians may legitimately hope even for the redemption of the Devil.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/N4A4ZTEH\">[Ware 1963, pp. 266-267]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 397,
"polity": {
"id": 73,
"name": "tr_byzantine_emp_1",
"long_name": "Byzantine Empire I",
"start_year": 632,
"end_year": 866
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The following quote emphasises the role of each individual's free will in their ultimate fate. “Hell exists as a final possibility, but several of the Fathers have none the less believed that in the end all will be reconciled to God. It is heretical to say that all must be saved, for this is to deny free will; but is legitimate to hope that all may be saved. […] Gregory of Nysa said that Christians may legitimately hope even for the redemption of the Devil.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/N4A4ZTEH\">[Ware 1963, pp. 266-267]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 398,
"polity": {
"id": 76,
"name": "tr_byzantine_emp_3",
"long_name": "Byzantine Empire III",
"start_year": 1073,
"end_year": 1204
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The following quote emphasises the role of each individual's free will in their ultimate fate. “Hell exists as a final possibility, but several of the Fathers have none the less believed that in the end all will be reconciled to God. It is heretical to say that all must be saved, for this is to deny free will; but is legitimate to hope that all may be saved. […] Gregory of Nysa said that Christians may legitimately hope even for the redemption of the Devil.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/N4A4ZTEH\">[Ware 1963, pp. 266-267]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 399,
"polity": {
"id": 571,
"name": "ru_romanov_dyn_2",
"long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II",
"start_year": 1776,
"end_year": 1917
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The following quote emphasises the role of each individual's free will in their ultimate fate. “Hell exists as a final possibility, but several of the Fathers have none the less believed that in the end all will be reconciled to God. It is heretical to say that all must be saved, for this is to deny free will; but is legitimate to hope that all may be saved. […] Gregory of Nysa said that Christians may legitimately hope even for the redemption of the Devil.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/N4A4ZTEH\">[Ware 1963, pp. 266-267]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 400,
"polity": {
"id": 75,
"name": "tr_byzantine_emp_2",
"long_name": "Byzantine Empire II",
"start_year": 867,
"end_year": 1072
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The following quote emphasises the role of each individual's free will in their ultimate fate. “Hell exists as a final possibility, but several of the Fathers have none the less believed that in the end all will be reconciled to God. It is heretical to say that all must be saved, for this is to deny free will; but is legitimate to hope that all may be saved. […] Gregory of Nysa said that Christians may legitimately hope even for the redemption of the Devil.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/N4A4ZTEH\">[Ware 1963, pp. 266-267]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 401,
"polity": {
"id": 337,
"name": "ru_moskva_rurik_dyn",
"long_name": "Grand Principality of Moscow, Rurikid Dynasty",
"start_year": 1480,
"end_year": 1613
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The following quote emphasises the role of each individual's free will in their ultimate fate. “Hell exists as a final possibility, but several of the Fathers have none the less believed that in the end all will be reconciled to God. It is heretical to say that all must be saved, for this is to deny free will; but is legitimate to hope that all may be saved. […] Gregory of Nysa said that Christians may legitimately hope even for the redemption of the Devil.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/N4A4ZTEH\">[Ware 1963, pp. 266-267]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 402,
"polity": {
"id": 234,
"name": "et_ethiopian_k",
"long_name": "Ethiopia Kingdom",
"start_year": 1270,
"end_year": 1620
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The following quote emphasises the role of each individual's free will in their ultimate fate. “Hell exists as a final possibility, but several of the Fathers have none the less believed that in the end all will be reconciled to God. It is heretical to say that all must be saved, for this is to deny free will; but is legitimate to hope that all may be saved. […] Gregory of Nysa said that Christians may legitimately hope even for the redemption of the Devil.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/N4A4ZTEH\">[Ware 1963, pp. 266-267]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 403,
"polity": {
"id": 789,
"name": "et_ethiopian_k_2",
"long_name": "Ethiopia Kingdom II",
"start_year": 1621,
"end_year": 1768
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The following quote emphasises the role of each individual's free will in their ultimate fate. “Hell exists as a final possibility, but several of the Fathers have none the less believed that in the end all will be reconciled to God. It is heretical to say that all must be saved, for this is to deny free will; but is legitimate to hope that all may be saved. […] Gregory of Nysa said that Christians may legitimately hope even for the redemption of the Devil.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/N4A4ZTEH\">[Ware 1963, pp. 266-267]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 404,
"polity": {
"id": 600,
"name": "ru_romanov_dyn_1",
"long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I",
"start_year": 1614,
"end_year": 1775
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The following quote emphasises the role of each individual's free will in their ultimate fate. “Hell exists as a final possibility, but several of the Fathers have none the less believed that in the end all will be reconciled to God. It is heretical to say that all must be saved, for this is to deny free will; but is legitimate to hope that all may be saved. […] Gregory of Nysa said that Christians may legitimately hope even for the redemption of the Devil.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/N4A4ZTEH\">[Ware 1963, pp. 266-267]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 405,
"polity": {
"id": 72,
"name": "tr_east_roman_emp",
"long_name": "East Roman Empire",
"start_year": 395,
"end_year": 631
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The following quote emphasises the role of each individual's free will in their ultimate fate. “Hell exists as a final possibility, but several of the Fathers have none the less believed that in the end all will be reconciled to God. It is heretical to say that all must be saved, for this is to deny free will; but is legitimate to hope that all may be saved. […] Gregory of Nysa said that Christians may legitimately hope even for the redemption of the Devil.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/N4A4ZTEH\">[Ware 1963, pp. 266-267]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 406,
"polity": {
"id": 421,
"name": "cn_erlitou",
"long_name": "Erlitou",
"start_year": -1850,
"end_year": -1600
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Inferring absence based on the absent code for the most recent period that has left written evidence of religious beliefs (Late Shang, c. 1250-1046 BCE). That absent code is based on the following quote: “Nowhere in the texts do we see clear indication that the Powers are beneficent …. The Shang rulers seek advance approval for their actions - sometimes, it seems, obsessively - but there is no suggestion that the basis for approval will be anything other than the arbitrary inclinations of the Powers”. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HRDEVGKT\">[Eno_Lagerway_Kalinowski 2009, p. 100]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 407,
"polity": {
"id": 419,
"name": "cn_yangshao",
"long_name": "Yangshao",
"start_year": -5000,
"end_year": -3000
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Inferring absence based on the absent code for the most recent period that has left written evidence of religious beliefs (Late Shang, c. 1250-1046 BCE). That absent code is based on the following quote: “Nowhere in the texts do we see clear indication that the Powers are beneficent …. The Shang rulers seek advance approval for their actions - sometimes, it seems, obsessively - but there is no suggestion that the basis for approval will be anything other than the arbitrary inclinations of the Powers”. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HRDEVGKT\">[Eno_Lagerway_Kalinowski 2009, p. 100]</a>",
"description": null
}
]
}