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{
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"polity": {
"id": 673,
"name": "ni_wukari_fed",
"long_name": "Wukari Federation",
"start_year": 1820,
"end_year": 1899
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Nothing in the literature consulted suggests that anyone but the individual transgressor received punishment. “A man who works evil in this life may or may not be punished during his lifetime, but he will certainly receive punishment in the underworld known as Kindo over which Ama presides. ” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/FDXAZ333\">[Meek 1931, p. 198]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 2,
"polity": {
"id": 658,
"name": "ni_kwararafa",
"long_name": "Kwararafa",
"start_year": 596,
"end_year": 1820
},
"year_from": 1600,
"year_to": 1820,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Inferring that Jukun beliefs regarding the moralistic supernatural punishment/reward had emerged by this time. Nothing in the literature consulted suggests that anyone but the individual transgressor received punishment. “A man who works evil in this life may or may not be punished during his lifetime, but he will certainly receive punishment in the underworld known as Kindo over which Ama presides. ” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/FDXAZ333\">[Meek 1931, p. 198]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 3,
"polity": {
"id": 658,
"name": "ni_kwararafa",
"long_name": "Kwararafa",
"start_year": 596,
"end_year": 1820
},
"year_from": 596,
"year_to": 1599,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "A~P",
"comment": "Inferring that Jukun beliefs regarding the moralistic supernatural punishment/reward emerged over time. Nothing in the literature consulted suggests that anyone but the individual transgressor received punishment. “A man who works evil in this life may or may not be punished during his lifetime, but he will certainly receive punishment in the underworld known as Kindo over which Ama presides. ” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/FDXAZ333\">[Meek 1931, p. 198]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 4,
"polity": {
"id": 675,
"name": "se_saloum_k",
"long_name": "Kingdom of Saloum",
"start_year": 1490,
"end_year": 1863
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "SSP",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": null,
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 5,
"polity": {
"id": 676,
"name": "se_baol_k",
"long_name": "Kingdom of Baol",
"start_year": 1550,
"end_year": 1890
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "SSP",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "“Regarding the traditional religion of the Wolofs, we have very little documentation that would have allowed us to identify an organized institution or precise religious theology.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9KV5MEKN\">[Barry 2012, p. 35]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 6,
"polity": {
"id": 682,
"name": "se_jolof_k",
"long_name": "Kingdom of Jolof",
"start_year": 1549,
"end_year": 1865
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "SSP",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "“Regarding the traditional religion of the Wolofs, we have very little documentation that would have allowed us to identify an organized institution or precise religious theology.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9KV5MEKN\">[Barry 2012, p. 35]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 7,
"polity": {
"id": 679,
"name": "se_jolof_emp",
"long_name": "Jolof Empire",
"start_year": 1360,
"end_year": 1549
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "SSP",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "“Regarding the traditional religion of the Wolofs, we have very little documentation that would have allowed us to identify an organized institution or precise religious theology.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9KV5MEKN\">[Barry 2012, p. 35]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 8,
"polity": {
"id": 671,
"name": "ni_dahomey_k",
"long_name": "Foys",
"start_year": 1715,
"end_year": 1894
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "SSP",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "The following information suggests belief in targeted divine punishment and reward, but it remains unclear to what extent this was informed by moral principles.\r\n\r\nThe supreme Earth god and “supreme judge on Earth”, Sagbata, could punish “misdeeds”, including those of kings, with smallpox, and rewards people he favours with plentiful harvests. A god Agbogbodji “drowns those guilty of wrong-doing”. A god named Adewa “brings famine, if those who have been guilty of crime go unpunished”. Magba “may punish [women] by withholding children”. Tchenu's \"special duty [is] to punish incest.” As for the many-handed Alegbwe, “With a third hand he gives riches to the deserving, with another he opens the door for illnesses to come out, and with a fifth he arrests those who must be stopped.” The “principal functions” of the Thunder gods “are to fertilize the earth with rain, and to punish mankind with lightning and thunder”. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/PHZX8URJ\">[Herskovits_Herskovits 1964, pp. 17-21]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 9,
"polity": {
"id": 314,
"name": "ua_kievan_rus",
"long_name": "Kievan Rus",
"start_year": 880,
"end_year": 1242
},
"year_from": 880,
"year_to": 898,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Punishment of oath-breakers specifically as opposed to their families/communities/etc. “From the scarce written records we know that at the official signing of the treaty with the Byzantines in 907 the whole Kievan army swore by Perun and Veles, and also, in the 971 treaty, the warriors swore by Perun and ‘the rest of Rus’ by Veles. […] In reference to punishment for breaking the oath, the offenders would be killed by their own weapons and […] become yellow as gold[…]. So, this suggests that Veles was able to inflict disease as a punishment.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZGZ78TAM\">[Zaroff 1999, p. 60]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 10,
"polity": {
"id": 484,
"name": "iq_abbasid_cal_2",
"long_name": "Abbasid Caliphate II",
"start_year": 1191,
"end_year": 1258
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 11,
"polity": {
"id": 367,
"name": "eg_ayyubid_sultanate",
"long_name": "Ayyubid Sultanate",
"start_year": 1171,
"end_year": 1250
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 12,
"polity": {
"id": 221,
"name": "tn_fatimid_cal",
"long_name": "Fatimid Caliphate",
"start_year": 909,
"end_year": 1171
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 13,
"polity": {
"id": 171,
"name": "tr_rum_sultanate",
"long_name": "Rum Sultanate",
"start_year": 1077,
"end_year": 1307
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 14,
"polity": {
"id": 364,
"name": "ir_seljuk_sultanate",
"long_name": "Seljuk Sultanate",
"start_year": 1037,
"end_year": 1157
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 15,
"polity": {
"id": 362,
"name": "ir_buyid_confederation",
"long_name": "Buyid Confederation",
"start_year": 932,
"end_year": 1062
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 16,
"polity": {
"id": 360,
"name": "ir_saffarid_emp",
"long_name": "Saffarid Caliphate",
"start_year": 861,
"end_year": 1003
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 17,
"polity": {
"id": 361,
"name": "eg_thulunid_ikhshidid",
"long_name": "Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period",
"start_year": 868,
"end_year": 969
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 18,
"polity": {
"id": 232,
"name": "eg_mamluk_sultanate_1",
"long_name": "Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate I",
"start_year": 1260,
"end_year": 1348
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 19,
"polity": {
"id": 236,
"name": "eg_mamluk_sultanate_2",
"long_name": "Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate II",
"start_year": 1348,
"end_year": 1412
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 20,
"polity": {
"id": 239,
"name": "eg_mamluk_sultanate_3",
"long_name": "Egypt - Mamluk Sultanate III",
"start_year": 1412,
"end_year": 1517
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 21,
"polity": {
"id": 173,
"name": "tr_ottoman_emirate",
"long_name": "Ottoman Emirate",
"start_year": 1299,
"end_year": 1402
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 22,
"polity": {
"id": 174,
"name": "tr_ottoman_emp_1",
"long_name": "Ottoman Empire I",
"start_year": 1402,
"end_year": 1517
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 23,
"polity": {
"id": 175,
"name": "tr_ottoman_emp_2",
"long_name": "Ottoman Empire II",
"start_year": 1517,
"end_year": 1683
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 24,
"polity": {
"id": 176,
"name": "tr_ottoman_emp_3",
"long_name": "Ottoman Empire III",
"start_year": 1683,
"end_year": 1839
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 25,
"polity": {
"id": 177,
"name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4",
"long_name": "Ottoman Empire IV",
"start_year": 1839,
"end_year": 1922
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 26,
"polity": {
"id": 542,
"name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4_copy",
"long_name": "Yemen - Ottoman period",
"start_year": 1873,
"end_year": 1920
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 27,
"polity": {
"id": 131,
"name": "sy_umayyad_cal",
"long_name": "Umayyad Caliphate",
"start_year": 661,
"end_year": 750
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 28,
"polity": {
"id": 508,
"name": "ir_ak_koyunlu",
"long_name": "Ak Koyunlu",
"start_year": 1339,
"end_year": 1501
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 29,
"polity": {
"id": 374,
"name": "ir_safavid_emp",
"long_name": "Safavid Empire",
"start_year": 1501,
"end_year": 1722
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 30,
"polity": {
"id": 509,
"name": "ir_qajar_dyn",
"long_name": "Qajar Dynasty",
"start_year": 1794,
"end_year": 1925
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 31,
"polity": {
"id": 359,
"name": "ye_ziyad_dyn",
"long_name": "Yemen Ziyadid Dynasty",
"start_year": 822,
"end_year": 1037
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 32,
"polity": {
"id": 365,
"name": "ye_warlords",
"long_name": "Yemen - Era of Warlords",
"start_year": 1038,
"end_year": 1174
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 33,
"polity": {
"id": 368,
"name": "ye_rasulid_dyn",
"long_name": "Rasulid Dynasty",
"start_year": 1229,
"end_year": 1453
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 34,
"polity": {
"id": 372,
"name": "ye_tahirid_dyn",
"long_name": "Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty",
"start_year": 1454,
"end_year": 1517
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 35,
"polity": {
"id": 541,
"name": "ye_qasimid_dyn",
"long_name": "Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty",
"start_year": 1637,
"end_year": 1805
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 36,
"polity": {
"id": 711,
"name": "om_busaidi_imamate_1",
"long_name": "Imamate of Oman and Muscat",
"start_year": 1749,
"end_year": 1895
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 37,
"polity": {
"id": 639,
"name": "so_ajuran_sultanate",
"long_name": "Ajuran Sultanate",
"start_year": 1250,
"end_year": 1700
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 38,
"polity": {
"id": 646,
"name": "so_ifat_sultanate",
"long_name": "Ifat Sultanate",
"start_year": 1280,
"end_year": 1375
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The fact that Allāh is omniscient and omnipotent makes Him a very effective agent for implementing MSP. Since He knows everything, He can keep track of every moral and immoral act, no matter how small. His unlimited power ensures that He can dispense proper rewards and punishments for these acts. For instance, He is capable of imposing deserved punishment on the mightiest individuals and communities (e.g., Pharaoh, the people of Thamūd, the Quraysh) (see Qurʾān 7:73–9, 79:24).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, p. 136]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 39,
"polity": {
"id": 444,
"name": "mn_zungharian_emp",
"long_name": "Zungharian Empire",
"start_year": 1670,
"end_year": 1757
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Emphasis on individual, e.g.: \"Mahayana understandings of the nature of the Buddha came to have profound implications for MSP. While early Buddhism held that the Buddha was a physical being, who ceased to exist after his death, Mahayana claimed that he was but a manifestation of a universal Buddha nature, which existed in all beings. This Buddha nature not only allowed for the simultaneous coexistence of many Buddhas but also engendered the potential for any individual to become a bodhisattva—that is, one who has reached the point of being able to achieve enlightenment but has instead remained to help others on their spiritual path. The bodhisattva ideal was central to Mahayana religiosity, exhorting practitioners to demonstrate compassion and strive for the merit and enlightenment of other beings. Many took a bodhisattva vow, an inherently meritorious act comprising a solemn commitment to strive to become a bodhisattva for the benefit of others.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/76FKAHS3\">[Stanford_et_al 2024, p. 113]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 40,
"polity": {
"id": 286,
"name": "mn_uygur_khaganate",
"long_name": "Uigur Khaganate",
"start_year": 745,
"end_year": 840
},
"year_from": 745,
"year_to": 761,
"tag": "SSP",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": null,
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 41,
"polity": {
"id": 286,
"name": "mn_uygur_khaganate",
"long_name": "Uigur Khaganate",
"start_year": 745,
"end_year": 840
},
"year_from": 762,
"year_to": 840,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"Manichaeans considered two separate scenarios for individual judgment: (1) that which would occur immediately after death and (2) the complicated apocalyptic drama that would occur at the end of time.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/BHP8TJWM\">[Dilley_et_al 2024, p. 125]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 42,
"polity": {
"id": 130,
"name": "ir_sassanid_emp_2",
"long_name": "Sasanid Empire II",
"start_year": 488,
"end_year": 642
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The literature consulted implies targeted MSP, e.g.: \"If the record of that soul's life on earth is represented in the balance by a weighty accumulation of good thoughts, words, and deeds, then the soul meets its own conscience in the shape of a \"fair maiden\" and crosses without difficulty to paradise. But if the reverse is the case, then the passage over the Chinvat Bridge becomes an entirely different experience for the soul. The bridge turns on its side, presenting a knife's edge footing like the edge of a sword, and the soul perceives its own conscience in the shape of an \"ugly hag\" and plunges into the abyss of hell (Dadastan i Dinig 21.3, 21.5,21.7, 25.6, 34.3-4, 85.7).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TSXN78UE\">[Nigosian 1993, p. 92]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 43,
"polity": {
"id": 128,
"name": "ir_sassanid_emp_1",
"long_name": "Sasanid Empire I",
"start_year": 205,
"end_year": 487
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The literature consulted implies targeted MSP, e.g.: \"If the record of that soul's life on earth is represented in the balance by a weighty accumulation of good thoughts, words, and deeds, then the soul meets its own conscience in the shape of a \"fair maiden\" and crosses without difficulty to paradise. But if the reverse is the case, then the passage over the Chinvat Bridge becomes an entirely different experience for the soul. The bridge turns on its side, presenting a knife's edge footing like the edge of a sword, and the soul perceives its own conscience in the shape of an \"ugly hag\" and plunges into the abyss of hell (Dadastan i Dinig 21.3, 21.5,21.7, 25.6, 34.3-4, 85.7).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TSXN78UE\">[Nigosian 1993, p. 92]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 44,
"polity": {
"id": 125,
"name": "ir_parthian_emp_1",
"long_name": "Parthian Empire I",
"start_year": -247,
"end_year": 40
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The literature consulted implies targeted MSP, e.g.: \"If the record of that soul's life on earth is represented in the balance by a weighty accumulation of good thoughts, words, and deeds, then the soul meets its own conscience in the shape of a \"fair maiden\" and crosses without difficulty to paradise. But if the reverse is the case, then the passage over the Chinvat Bridge becomes an entirely different experience for the soul. The bridge turns on its side, presenting a knife's edge footing like the edge of a sword, and the soul perceives its own conscience in the shape of an \"ugly hag\" and plunges into the abyss of hell (Dadastan i Dinig 21.3, 21.5,21.7, 25.6, 34.3-4, 85.7).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TSXN78UE\">[Nigosian 1993, p. 92]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 45,
"polity": {
"id": 483,
"name": "iq_parthian_emp_2",
"long_name": "Parthian Empire II",
"start_year": 41,
"end_year": 226
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "The literature consulted implies targeted MSP, e.g.: \"If the record of that soul's life on earth is represented in the balance by a weighty accumulation of good thoughts, words, and deeds, then the soul meets its own conscience in the shape of a \"fair maiden\" and crosses without difficulty to paradise. But if the reverse is the case, then the passage over the Chinvat Bridge becomes an entirely different experience for the soul. The bridge turns on its side, presenting a knife's edge footing like the edge of a sword, and the soul perceives its own conscience in the shape of an \"ugly hag\" and plunges into the abyss of hell (Dadastan i Dinig 21.3, 21.5,21.7, 25.6, 34.3-4, 85.7).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TSXN78UE\">[Nigosian 1993, p. 92]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 46,
"polity": {
"id": 436,
"name": "co_tairona",
"long_name": "Tairona",
"start_year": 1050,
"end_year": 1524
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": true,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "No directevidence could be found for the belief that the Tairona gods or other supernatural forces dispensed moralistic punishmentor reward. \r\n\r\nAccording to some scholars, similarities between the material culture left behind by the Tairona and that of the modern-day Kogi indigenous people suggests that Kogi beliefsmay provide clues regarding beliefs among the Tairona. Reichel Dolmatoff describes the Universal Mother as demanding adherence to behaviors and conduct including “collaboration, reciprocity, honesty, and an utterly no-materialistic attitude towards life …Signs of ‘disorder’ such as hermaphroditism, left handedness, seven-month babies, twins, cause consternation and are attributedto the Mother Sun’s displeasure with mankind’s behavior”. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IJGBEW43\">[Reichel-Dolmatoff 1990, p. 12]</a> Witte however, writes that the Mother did not punish those who broke these procedures, but rather that, when these laws were broken, they caused a cosmic imbalance which could lead to natural disasters. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/KHATK9CJ\">[Witte 2017, p. 155]</a> Finally, scholars such as Giraldo argue that we cannot assume this cultural continuity as it is posited. These scholars observe that the polities now known as \"Tairona\" collapsed during the 16th century, and at most 3-4 thousand people survived by 1600 or so. Moreover, they point out that the indigenous people who survivedwere subjected to missionization, Spanish and then Colombian rule and interaction with non-indigenous populations. Therefore, they say, it is simply not possible to argue that their beliefs remain unchanged 500 years later. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/W4X45Z62\">[Giraldo_et_al 2020]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 47,
"polity": {
"id": 196,
"name": "ec_shuar_1",
"long_name": "Shuar - Colonial",
"start_year": 1534,
"end_year": 1830
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Ethnographies consulted describe the presence of avenging spirits that may punish those who do not fulfill their ritual obligations and elders with the power to curse others. These sources do not suggest a moralizing interpretation for these beliefs. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/S34XJRJ7\">[Karsten 1935]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/CRIJIVUC\">[Harner 1973]</a> \"There are spirits but they are more capricious than moralizing. Revenge is a key notion in Shuar society but even there, it feels more like setting things straight interpersonally rather than moralistic per se. Spirits help warriors gain power but supernatural punishment isn't a key idea. Sorcerers can inflict harm but it's viewed more as warfare than moral sanctioning per se.” (Clark Bennett, pers. comm. to H. Whitehouse, Dec 14, 2020) <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6FPKWD5Z\">[Bennett 2020]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 48,
"polity": {
"id": 197,
"name": "ec_shuar_2",
"long_name": "Shuar - Ecuadorian",
"start_year": 1831,
"end_year": 1931
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Ethnographies consulted describe the presence of avenging spirits that may punish those who do not fulfill their ritual obligations and elders with the power to curse others. These sources do not suggest a moralizing interpretation for these beliefs. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/S34XJRJ7\">[Karsten 1935]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/CRIJIVUC\">[Harner 1973]</a> \"There are spirits but they are more capricious than moralizing. Revenge is a key notion in Shuar society but even there, it feels more like setting things straight interpersonally rather than moralistic per se. Spirits help warriors gain power but supernatural punishment isn't a key idea. Sorcerers can inflict harm but it's viewed more as warfare than moral sanctioning per se.” (Clark Bennett, pers. comm. to H. Whitehouse, Dec 14, 2020) <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6FPKWD5Z\">[Bennett 2020]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 49,
"polity": {
"id": 101,
"name": "us_haudenosaunee_1",
"long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early",
"start_year": 1566,
"end_year": 1713
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "While Haudenosaunee oral traditions include examples of individual lesson-learning and restorative justice, this is different from direct moralizing enforcement. Oral traditions hold moral norms, that when broken might have consequences, but there is no evidence of supernatural moralizing forces in Haudenosaunee cosmology. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/8KM69ZFD\">[Oneida_Indian_Nation 2020]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A43ZSPMP\">[Foley 1975, p. 31]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 50,
"polity": {
"id": 102,
"name": "us_haudenosaunee_2",
"long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late",
"start_year": 1714,
"end_year": 1848
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_targeted",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "While Haudenosaunee oral traditions include examples of individual lesson-learning and restorative justice, this is different from direct moralizing enforcement. Oral traditions hold moral norms, that when broken might have consequences, but there is no evidence of supernatural moralizing forces in Haudenosaunee cosmology. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/8KM69ZFD\">[Oneida_Indian_Nation 2020]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A43ZSPMP\">[Foley 1975, p. 31]</a>",
"description": ""
}
]
}