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{
"id": 469,
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"id": 87,
"name": "in_mauryan_emp",
"long_name": "Magadha - Maurya Empire",
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"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_this_life",
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"comment": "After Ashoka's conversion to Buddhism. “Indeed, karma is the principle on which most moralizing supernatural punishment and reward (MSP) in Buddhism is based. According to doctrine, intentional actions plant a “seed” that bears their moral valence. At some future time, whether in this life or the following one or more reincarnations, this seed bears karmic “fruit,” bringing about outcomes that are good or bad to the extent the action was good or bad.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/76FKAHS3\">[Stanford_et_al 2024, p. 106]</a>",
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{
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"name": "in_mauryan_emp",
"long_name": "Magadha - Maurya Empire",
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"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_this_life",
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"comment": "\"Although Vedic religion was not founded on moralistic principles, it included [moralistic] elements. Ṛta (truth) was the principle governing the natural, social, religious, and moral order (Bilimoria 2007: 33–4). In various passages of the Ṛg Veda (e.g., RV 1.25, 5.83, 7.86), Varuṇa, who personifies a divine authority and is associated with ṛta, justice, and social relations, is an ethical, all-knowing god who foresees all destiny and punishes those who violate the moral order (Bhattacharji 1970: 25–31). He can be approached with requests for forgiveness. Invoked along with Varuṇa is the god Mitra, who stands for the judicial side of their joint governance over morality; the two sometimes appear as two aspects of one god (Parpola 2015: 108). However, hymns to Varuṇa and Mitra in the Ṛg Veda are far outnumbered by those to the fierce war god Indra, asking for victory, fame, and wealth (Parpola 2015: 107–108). Over time, Varuṇa’s ethical authority gradually diminished—from the omniscient sky god in the Ṛg Veda to a sinister deity of the night who punishes wrongdoing in the Brāhmaṇas, to one water god among many others in the Sanskrit epics (Bhattacharji 1970: 23–40).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/UXVR689F\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 184]</a>",
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