Polity Capital List
A viewset for viewing and editing Polity Capitals.
GET /api/general/polity-capitals/?format=api&page=13
{ "count": 629, "next": null, "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/general/polity-capitals/?format=api&page=12", "results": [ { "id": 624, "polity": { "id": 565, "name": "at_habsburg_1", "long_name": "Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I", "start_year": 1454, "end_year": 1648 }, "year_from": 1611, "year_to": 1648, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Vienna", "polity_cap": { "id": 276, "name": "Vienna", "alternative_names": null, "current_country": "Austria", "latitude": "48.22023310", "longitude": "16.37964240", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.at/maps/place/Wien/@48.2201153,16.214834,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x476d079e5136ca9f:0xfdc2e58a51a25b46!8m2!3d48.2080696!4d16.3713095!16zL20vMGZocDk?entry=ttu&g_ep=EgoyMDI1MDEyNi", "is_verified": false, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "§REF§(Fichtner 2003: 35) Fichtner, Paula Sutter. 2003. The Habsburg Monarchy, 1490-1848: Attributes of Empire. Macmillan International Higher Education. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QQ77TV4K§REF§§REF§(‘Habsburg Monarchy’) ‘Habsburg Monarchy’, in Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Habsburg_monarchy&oldid=1087774624. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SMSU7WA3§REF§" }, { "id": 625, "polity": { "id": 351, "name": "am_artaxiad_dyn", "long_name": "Armenian Kingdom", "start_year": -188, "end_year": 6 }, "year_from": -188, "year_to": -77, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Artaxiasata", "polity_cap": null, "comment": null, "description": "The capital city of Artaxiasata was established by Artaxias I.§REF§Hovannisian 2004: 49. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/8B4DBDFU§REF§ During his reign, Tigranes the Great changed the capital to a location more central to the kingdom, and named it Tigranocerta (Tigranakert).§REF§“Artaxiad Dynasty,” https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IVLMP6Q8§REF§ The remains of Tigranocerta have never been found and its location is debated.§REF§ Bournoutian 2003: 32. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/645FKRNL§REF§" }, { "id": 626, "polity": { "id": 351, "name": "am_artaxiad_dyn", "long_name": "Armenian Kingdom", "start_year": -188, "end_year": 6 }, "year_from": -77, "year_to": -69, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Tigranocerta", "polity_cap": null, "comment": null, "description": "The capital city of Artaxiasata was established by Artaxias I.§REF§Hovannisian 2004: 49. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/8B4DBDFU§REF§ During his reign, Tigranes the Great changed the capital to a location more central to the kingdom, and named it Tigranocerta (Tigranakert).§REF§“Artaxiad Dynasty,” https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IVLMP6Q8§REF§ The remains of Tigranocerta have never been found and its location is debated.§REF§ Bournoutian 2003: 32. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/645FKRNL§REF§" }, { "id": 627, "polity": { "id": 786, "name": "gb_british_emp_2", "long_name": "British Empire II", "start_year": 1850, "end_year": 1968 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "London", "polity_cap": { "id": 184, "name": "London", "alternative_names": null, "current_country": "United Kingdom", "latitude": "51.50986500", "longitude": "-0.11809200", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/London/@51.5287714,-0.2420218,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47d8a00baf21de75:0x52963a5addd52a99!8m2!3d51.5072178!4d-0.1275862", "is_verified": true, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 628, "polity": { "id": 785, "name": "ye_qasimid_dyn_222222", "long_name": "Qasimid Dynasty XXXXXXX", "start_year": 1637, "end_year": 1805 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Sana'a", "polity_cap": null, "comment": null, "description": "Sana’a was secured as the capital by the Qasimid dynasty after they drove the Ottomans out of Yemen (al-Yaman) in 1636. It is the oldest city in Yemen and many existing buildings are more than 800 years old.§REF§ Hestler 1999: 16. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/RH82MHZP§REF§" }, { "id": 629, "polity": { "id": 601, "name": "ru_soviet_union", "long_name": "Soviet Union", "start_year": 1918, "end_year": 1991 }, "year_from": 1918, "year_to": 1991, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Moscow", "polity_cap": { "id": 286, "name": "Moscow", "alternative_names": null, "current_country": "Russia", "latitude": "55.75124400", "longitude": "37.61842300", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Moskau,+Russland/@55.5802569,36.7261737,117044m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x46b54afc73d4b0c9:0x3d44d6cc5757cf4c!8m2!3d55.755826!4d37.6172999!16zL20vMDRzd2Q?entry=tt", "is_verified": false, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "In the end of summer – beginning of autumn 1917 a complicated internal political situation and the approach of German forces to Petrograd forced the Provisional government to consider the idea of moving to Moscow. The capital was announced to be in danger and on October 6 the Provisional government issued the decree on transferring of the primary state institutions to Moscow. The beginning of evacuation was planned for October 12. As to the Provisional government it intended to leave the capital in the beginning of November but did not take any steps toward it.\r\n\r\nOn March 12, 1918 Moscow became the capital once more but now it was the capital of the Soviet state.§REF§“Moscow Becomes the Capital of the Soviet State.” Presidential Library. Accessed November 29, 2023. https://www.prlib.ru/en/history/619089.<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4K6FGT5I\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: 4K6FGT5I</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 630, "polity": { "id": 571, "name": "ru_romanov_dyn_2", "long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II", "start_year": 1776, "end_year": 1917 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Saint Petersburg", "polity_cap": null, "comment": null, "description": "In 1728 Peter II of Russia moved the capital back to Moscow, but four years later, in 1732, St. Petersburg again became the capital of Russia and remained the seat of the government for about two centuries.§REF§W. Bruce Lincoln, Sunlight at Midnight: St. Petersburg and the Rise of Modern Russia, 1. ed., [Nachdr.]. (Boulder, Colo: Basic Books, 2002).<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DDLKKQBH\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: DDLKKQBH</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 631, "polity": { "id": 799, "name": "de_empire_2", "long_name": "Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen and Welf Dynasties", "start_year": 1126, "end_year": 1254 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "None", "polity_cap": null, "comment": null, "description": "There was no permanent capital during this period of the HRE. There were several cities and palaces that the emperor and his itinerant court would travel between and reside in. Around 800-1556 CE, the city of Aachen in Germany was the site at which all Emperors were crowned and held the most favoured royal palace, but it was not a capital.§REF§Wilson 2016: 428, 434. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/N5M9R9XA§REF§ There were attempts in the thirteenth century to create a permanent royal centre but they did not take hold.§REF§Power 2006: 103. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4V4WE3ZK.§REF§" }, { "id": 632, "polity": { "id": 598, "name": "cz_bohemian_k_1", "long_name": "Kingdom of Bohemia - Přemyslid Dynasty", "start_year": 1198, "end_year": 1309 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Prague", "polity_cap": null, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 633, "polity": { "id": 801, "name": "de_hohenzollern_1", "long_name": "Electorate of Brandenburg", "start_year": 1415, "end_year": 1618 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Berlin", "polity_cap": null, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 634, "polity": { "id": 802, "name": "de_hohenzollern_2", "long_name": "Brandenburg-Prussia", "start_year": 1618, "end_year": 1870 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Berlin", "polity_cap": null, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 635, "polity": { "id": 330, "name": "pl_teutonic_order", "long_name": "State of the Teutonic Order", "start_year": 1300, "end_year": 1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Marienburg", "polity_cap": null, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 636, "polity": { "id": 803, "name": "de_bavaria_1", "long_name": "Electorate of Bavaria", "start_year": 1623, "end_year": 1806 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Munich", "polity_cap": null, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 637, "polity": { "id": 806, "name": "de_hohenzollern_3", "long_name": "Germany - Hohenzollern Dynasty", "start_year": 1871, "end_year": 1918 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Berlin", "polity_cap": { "id": 291, "name": "Berlin", "alternative_names": null, "current_country": "Germany", "latitude": "52.52000800", "longitude": "13.40495400", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Berlin,+Deutschland/@52.5009545,12.242627,126051m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x47a84e373f035901:0x42120465b5e3b70!8m2!3d52.5200066!4d13.404954!16zL20vMDE1NnE?entry=t", "is_verified": false, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 638, "polity": { "id": 600, "name": "ru_romanov_dyn_1", "long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I", "start_year": 1614, "end_year": 1775 }, "year_from": 1614, "year_to": 1712, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Moscow", "polity_cap": { "id": 286, "name": "Moscow", "alternative_names": null, "current_country": "Russia", "latitude": "55.75124400", "longitude": "37.61842300", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Moskau,+Russland/@55.5802569,36.7261737,117044m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x46b54afc73d4b0c9:0x3d44d6cc5757cf4c!8m2!3d55.755826!4d37.6172999!16zL20vMDRzd2Q?entry=tt", "is_verified": false, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 639, "polity": { "id": 600, "name": "ru_romanov_dyn_1", "long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I", "start_year": 1614, "end_year": 1775 }, "year_from": 1712, "year_to": 1775, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Saint Petersburg", "polity_cap": { "id": 287, "name": "Saint Petersburg", "alternative_names": null, "current_country": "Russia", "latitude": "59.93750000", "longitude": "30.30861100", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/St.+Petersburg,+Russland/@59.9387693,29.4353459,103724m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4696378cc74a65ed:0x6dc7673fab848eff!8m2!3d59.9310584!4d30.3609096!16zL20vMDZwcjY", "is_verified": false, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "In 1712 Tsar Peter the Great moved the capital from Moscow to the newly founded city of Saint Petersburg.§REF§Marc Raeff, Peter the Great Changes Russia (Heath, 1972).<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ETGA4BHM\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: ETGA4BHM</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 640, "polity": { "id": 798, "name": "de_east_francia", "long_name": "East Francia", "start_year": 842, "end_year": 919 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "None", "polity_cap": null, "comment": null, "description": "While there was no official capital, several cities served as important centers for royal courts and administrative activities during different periods, including:\r\nAachen: Charlemagne's preferred residence and a significant center during the Carolingian period. It remained an important city in East Francia.\r\nRegensburg: Another important city that served as a frequent residence for rulers of East Francia and was a significant political and cultural center.\r\nFrankfurt: Often used for imperial assemblies and elections, Frankfurt was a key city in the political life of East Francia.\r\n§REF§Carlrichard Brühl et al., Die Geburt zweier Völker: Deutsche und Franzosen (9. - 11. Jahrhundert) (Köln Weimar Wien: Böhlau, 2001).<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JNUIX7CZ\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: JNUIX7CZ</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 641, "polity": { "id": 800, "name": "de_empire_3", "long_name": "Holy Roman Empire - Fragmented Period", "start_year": 1255, "end_year": 1453 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "None", "polity_cap": null, "comment": null, "description": "There was no permanent capital during this period of the HRE. There were several cities and palaces that the emperor and his itinerant court would travel between and reside in. Around 800-1556 CE, the city of Aachen in Germany was the site at which all Emperors were crowned and held the most favoured royal palace, but it was not a capital.§REF§Wilson 2016: 428, 434. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/N5M9R9XA§REF§ There were attempts in the thirteenth century to create a permanent royal centre but they did not take hold.§REF§Power 2006: 103. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4V4WE3ZK.§REF§" }, { "id": 642, "polity": { "id": 317, "name": "pl_piast_dyn_1", "long_name": "Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty", "start_year": 963, "end_year": 1138 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Gniezno", "polity_cap": { "id": 280, "name": "Gniezno", "alternative_names": null, "current_country": "Poland", "latitude": "52.53481000", "longitude": "17.58259000", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gnesen,+Polen/@52.5248583,17.520885,15748m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4704911512d87b73:0xf68138bc94628172!8m2!3d52.5349253!4d17.5826575!16zL20vMGdnazU?entry=ttu&g_", "is_verified": false, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 643, "polity": { "id": 809, "name": "pl_piast_dyn_2", "long_name": "Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty Fragmented Period", "start_year": 1139, "end_year": 1382 }, "year_from": 1319, "year_to": 1370, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Kraków", "polity_cap": { "id": 283, "name": "Kraków", "alternative_names": null, "current_country": "Poland", "latitude": "50.04968300", "longitude": "19.94454400", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Krakau,+Polen/@50.0454005,19.4139823,66487m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x471644c0354e18d1:0xb46bb6b576478abf!8m2!3d50.0646501!4d19.9449799!16zL20vMDQ5MXk?entry=ttu&g", "is_verified": false, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 644, "polity": { "id": 810, "name": "hu_arpad_dyn", "long_name": "Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1301 }, "year_from": 1000, "year_to": 1256, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Esztergom", "polity_cap": { "id": 281, "name": "Esztergom", "alternative_names": null, "current_country": "Hungary", "latitude": "47.79956100", "longitude": "18.73792800", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Gran,+Ungarn/@47.7576105,18.6865697,17400m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x476a6227b1317923:0xbe2a180c05793793!8m2!3d47.7883949!4d18.7434451!16zL20vMDNzc3kx?entry=ttu&g", "is_verified": false, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "Esztergom was the capital of the Kingdom of Hungary until 1256.§REF§“Esztergom történelme - dióhéjban - Esztergom Városa,” accessed March 3, 2024, https://www.esztergom.hu/turizmus/tortenelem/112-esztergom_tortenelme_diohejban.<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/KNRBEVA7\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: KNRBEVA7</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 645, "polity": { "id": 811, "name": "hu_later_dyn", "long_name": "Hungary Kingdom - Anjou and Later Dynasties", "start_year": 1302, "end_year": 1526 }, "year_from": 1315, "year_to": 1323, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Temesvár", "polity_cap": { "id": 284, "name": "Temesvár", "alternative_names": "Timișoara", "current_country": "Romania", "latitude": "45.76069600", "longitude": "21.22678800", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Timi%C8%99oara,+Rum%C3%A4nien/@45.7410349,21.1341888,18064m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4745677dcb0fb5a7:0x537faf6473936749!8m2!3d45.7557559!4d21.2322208!16zL20vMGd", "is_verified": false, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "Charles I transferred his residence from Buda to Temesvár in 1315.§REF§Pál Engel, The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526 (London ; New York, NY: I.B. Tauris, 2005).<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9BBKM3AR\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: 9BBKM3AR</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 646, "polity": { "id": 811, "name": "hu_later_dyn", "long_name": "Hungary Kingdom - Anjou and Later Dynasties", "start_year": 1302, "end_year": 1526 }, "year_from": 1323, "year_to": 1408, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Visegrád", "polity_cap": { "id": 285, "name": "Visegrád", "alternative_names": null, "current_country": "Hungary", "latitude": "47.78296940", "longitude": "18.97333920", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Visegr%C3%A1d,+Ungarn/@47.7658926,18.8821916,17398m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x476a7de3acc33cc7:0x400c4290c1e2880!8m2!3d47.7860776!4d18.9674519!16zL20vMDNjZHpw?ent", "is_verified": false, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "After full consolidation fo his kingdom, Charles I moved his capital from Temesvár to Visegrád in the centre of his kingdom.§REF§Pál Engel, The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526 (London ; New York, NY: I.B. Tauris, 2005).<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9BBKM3AR\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: 9BBKM3AR</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 647, "polity": { "id": 811, "name": "hu_later_dyn", "long_name": "Hungary Kingdom - Anjou and Later Dynasties", "start_year": 1302, "end_year": 1526 }, "year_from": 1409, "year_to": 1485, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Buda", "polity_cap": { "id": 282, "name": "Budapest", "alternative_names": "Buda", "current_country": "Hungary", "latitude": "47.46666480", "longitude": "19.04999980", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Budapest,+Buda,+Ungarn/@47.4912214,18.836607,34979m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4741ddae1d8728f3:0xf41ed7fc34685421!8m2!3d47.4662874!4d19.0495823!16s%2Fg%2F11bc5m8l", "is_verified": false, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "Sigismund of Luxembourg erected his royal palace at Buda and the town again became the kingdom's capital.§REF§Pál Engel, The Realm of St. Stephen: A History of Medieval Hungary, 895-1526 (London ; New York, NY: I.B. Tauris, 2005).<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9BBKM3AR\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: 9BBKM3AR</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 648, "polity": { "id": 810, "name": "hu_arpad_dyn", "long_name": "Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1301 }, "year_from": 1256, "year_to": 1301, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": "Buda", "polity_cap": { "id": 282, "name": "Budapest", "alternative_names": "Buda", "current_country": "Hungary", "latitude": "47.46666480", "longitude": "19.04999980", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Budapest,+Buda,+Ungarn/@47.4912214,18.836607,34979m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m6!3m5!1s0x4741ddae1d8728f3:0xf41ed7fc34685421!8m2!3d47.4662874!4d19.0495823!16s%2Fg%2F11bc5m8l", "is_verified": false, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "Béla IV changed his residence to Buda after the destruction of the capital Esztergom.§REF§“Esztergom történelme - dióhéjban - Esztergom Városa,” accessed March 3, 2024, https://www.esztergom.hu/turizmus/tortenelem/112-esztergom_tortenelme_diohejban.<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/KNRBEVA7\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: KNRBEVA7</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 649, "polity": { "id": 586, "name": "gb_england_norman", "long_name": "Norman England", "start_year": 1066, "end_year": 1153 }, "year_from": 1100, "year_to": 1153, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": null, "polity_cap": { "id": 184, "name": "London", "alternative_names": null, "current_country": "United Kingdom", "latitude": "51.50986500", "longitude": "-0.11809200", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/London/@51.5287714,-0.2420218,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47d8a00baf21de75:0x52963a5addd52a99!8m2!3d51.5072178!4d-0.1275862", "is_verified": true, "note": "" }, "comment": "By Henry I's reign (1100–1135), London had become the primary capital for governance, with Westminster as the center of royal administration. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HBVV8PDK\">[Clanchy 1993]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 650, "polity": { "id": 586, "name": "gb_england_norman", "long_name": "Norman England", "start_year": 1066, "end_year": 1153 }, "year_from": 1066, "year_to": 1100, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": null, "polity_cap": { "id": 275, "name": "Winchester", "alternative_names": null, "current_country": "England", "latitude": "51.06320200", "longitude": "-1.30800000", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://maps.app.goo.gl/98sXznwyUx46S5Rb7", "is_verified": false, "note": "" }, "comment": "Winchester was the principal city and de facto capital of Anglo-Saxon England, particularly under the House of Wessex.\r\nFollowing the Norman Conquest in 1066, William the Conqueror retained Winchester as the ceremonial and administrative center due to its historic significance and royal treasury. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/MXKV3EU2\">[webpage_Home | Domesday Book]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JISXN2HM\">[Carpenter 2003]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 651, "polity": { "id": 177, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire IV", "start_year": 1839, "end_year": 1922 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": null, "polity_cap": { "id": 141, "name": "Istanbul", "alternative_names": null, "current_country": "Turkey", "latitude": "41.00550050", "longitude": "28.73199340", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Istanbul,+T%C3%BCrkei/@41.0055005,28.7319934,10z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x14caa7040068086b:0xe1ccfe98bc01b0d0!8m2!3d41.0082376!4d28.9783589", "is_verified": true, "note": "" }, "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 653, "polity": { "id": 311, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire II", "start_year": 840, "end_year": 987 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Polity_capital", "capital": null, "polity_cap": { "id": 40, "name": "Aachen", "alternative_names": "Aix-la-Chapelle", "current_country": "Germany", "latitude": "50.75967430", "longitude": "5.95644160", "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "url_on_the_map": "https://www.google.com/maps/place/Aachen,+Deutschland/@50.7596743,5.9564416,11z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x47c0997cb08a191d:0x63a30eae0b0e444f!8m2!3d50.7753455!4d6.0838868", "is_verified": true, "note": "Also called Aix la Chapelle." }, "comment": null, "description": "" } ] }