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{
"count": 103,
"next": null,
"previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/ec/luxury-food/?format=api&page=2",
"results": [
{
"id": 102,
"polity": {
"id": 652,
"name": "et_harar_emirate",
"long_name": "Emirate of Harar",
"start_year": 1650,
"end_year": 1875
},
"year_from": 1650,
"year_to": 1799,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"coded_value": "A~P",
"place_of_provenance_pol": [],
"place_of_provenance_str": null,
"ruler_consumption": "present",
"ruler_consumption_tag": "IFR",
"elite_consumption": "present",
"elite_consumption_tag": "IFR",
"common_people_consumption": "present",
"common_people_consumption_tag": "IFR",
"name": "Luxury_food",
"comment": "The literature consulted does not explicitly label almost any of the goods that circulated in this polity at this time as notably luxurious. However, given that Harar was a major trade centre in the nineteenth century, importing and exporting a broad range of items from across the Indian Ocean and East Africa, it seems reasonable to infer that luxury food items were traded there. “Fitawrari Tackle Hawariyat was nine year old when he entered Harar with Menelik’s army that defeated Amir Abdullah’s small army at Chelenque battle[ in 1987]. He had been living at Addis Ababa just before he left and came to Harar which he described as follows: ‘[…] The shops and stores are stuffed with various types of goods imported from abroad. […]’ As the boy stated the shops and stores were stuffed with goods and merchandises imported from abroad, i.e. Yemen, Arabia, India, China, etc. […] Locally woven clothes, which according to Burton (ibid, 194) surpassed the produce of England’s manufactures in beauty and durability, ear-rings, bracelets, wax, butter, honey, mules, sorghum, wheat karanji-a kind of bread used by travelers-ghee and all sorts of tallow were also brought to Harar and then exported to different parts of the world (Harris, 1844: 222, Burton, 1966: 193 Pankhurst, 1968:53-55).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/B493QJ9U\">[Abubaker 2013]</a> ‘‘‘ The following quote suggests that only a relatively small number of items were a royal monopoly, which suggests that many luxurious items were broadly accessible to anyone who could afford them, regardless of social extraction. “Even though the trading of ivory, ostrich feathers, and other items were monopolized by some Amirs and their families; the basic value related to property right was respected i.e. economic freedom: the rights to acquire, use, transfer and dispose of private property. ” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/B493QJ9U\">[Abubaker 2013]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 103,
"polity": {
"id": 659,
"name": "ni_allada_k",
"long_name": "Allada",
"start_year": 1100,
"end_year": 1724
},
"year_from": 1100,
"year_to": 1650,
"tag": "SSP",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"coded_value": "unknown",
"place_of_provenance_pol": [],
"place_of_provenance_str": "suspected unknown",
"ruler_consumption": "unknown",
"ruler_consumption_tag": "SSP",
"elite_consumption": "unknown",
"elite_consumption_tag": "SSP",
"common_people_consumption": "unknown",
"common_people_consumption_tag": "SSP",
"name": "Luxury_food",
"comment": "NB The information we have found seems to apply to the period following the rise of the trade in enslaved people; the year “1650” has been chosen as a very rough approximation to mark the shift from the era before the rise of the slave trade to the era that followed. Also, a note on vocabulary: The Gbe region is/was the area where Gbe languages were spoken. This includes the Allada polity. “As a result of the slave trade, the influx of foreign goods and their social use as status markers were pronounced phenomena in the Gbe region. […] Even gastronomic habits were influenced by the Atlantic trade: The king and the grandees, even the wealthy common people, eat like the French. Their table is set in the same manner; they have […] marmalades, which they buy from the Europeans; they take pride in excelling each other with regard to the meals they serve.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4DNMTU2B\">[Zaugg 2018, p. 125]</a> “Exotic Foods: chocolate,, preserves, candied fruit, white biscuits, butter, cheese, pickled herring, barrels of salt beef or salt pork, casks of flour, […] any item, it would seem, that a European ship carried as provisions for its own officers and crew or for European residents of the coast-made suitable, often solicited, gifts for the African elite.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TZH65FPB\">[Alpern 1995, p. 28]</a> NB The information we have found seems to apply to the period following the rise of the trade in enslaved people; the year “1650” has been chosen as a very rough approximation to mark the shift from the era before the rise of the slave trade to the era that followed. “As a result of the slave trade, the influx of foreign goods and their social use as status markers were pronounced phenomena in the Gbe region. […] Even gastronomic habits were influenced by the Atlantic trade: The king and the grandees, even the wealthy common people, eat like the French. Their table is set in the same manner; they have […] marmalades, which they buy from the Europeans; they take pride in excelling each other with regard to the meals they serve.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4DNMTU2B\">[Zaugg 2018, p. 125]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 104,
"polity": {
"id": 668,
"name": "ni_nri_k",
"long_name": "Ọ̀ràézè Ǹrì",
"start_year": 1043,
"end_year": 1911
},
"year_from": 1043,
"year_to": 1650,
"tag": "SSP",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"coded_value": "unknown",
"place_of_provenance_pol": [],
"place_of_provenance_str": null,
"ruler_consumption": "unknown",
"ruler_consumption_tag": "SSP",
"elite_consumption": "unknown",
"elite_consumption_tag": "SSP",
"common_people_consumption": "unknown",
"common_people_consumption_tag": "SSP",
"name": "Luxury_food",
"comment": "“As a result of the slave trade, the influx of foreign goods and their social use as status markers were pronounced phenomena in the Gbe region. […] Even gastronomic habits were influenced by the Atlantic trade: The king and the grandees, even the wealthy common people, eat like the French. Their table is set in the same manner; they have […] marmalades, which they buy from the Europeans; they take pride in excelling each other with regard to the meals they serve.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4DNMTU2B\">[Zaugg 2018, p. 125]</a> “Exotic Foods: chocolate,, preserves, candied fruit, white biscuits, butter, cheese, pickled herring, barrels of salt beef or salt pork, casks of flour, […] any item, it would seem, that a European ship carried as provisions for its own officers and crew or for European residents of the coast-made suitable, often solicited, gifts for the African elite.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TZH65FPB\">[Alpern 1995, p. 28]</a> NB The information we have found seems to apply to the period following the rise of the trade in enslaved people; the year “1650” has been chosen as a rough approximation to mark the shift from the era before the rise of the slave trade to the era that followed, based on the fact that “[i]n the late seventeenth century, there was a rise in the relative importance of slaves from sources from north of the Equator, as opposed to from Angola. […] The Bight of Benin, where Anecho became a Portuguese base in 1645, and Whydah an English one in 1672, was of particular importance for slave exports from West Africa.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NMC66GR7\">[Black 2015, p. 49]</a>",
"description": null
}
]
}