Tension Siege Engine List
A viewset for viewing and editing Tension Siege Engines.
GET /api/wf/tension-siege-engines/?format=api&page=7
{ "count": 344, "next": null, "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/tension-siege-engines/?format=api&page=6", "results": [ { "id": 301, "polity": { "id": 159, "name": "tr_konya_lca", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic", "start_year": -5500, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 302, "polity": { "id": 72, "name": "tr_east_roman_emp", "long_name": "East Roman Empire", "start_year": 395, "end_year": 631 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Present, heritage from Roman period.§REF§(Preiser-Kapeller 2015, Personal Communication)§REF§After Roman period: \"It is often taken for granted that Roman torsion-powered artillery continued to be produced in Byzantium, although there is virtually no solid evidence for such a claim. Recent work strongly suggests that two-arm horizontally mounted torsion-powered weapons had dropped out of use by the end of the fifth century (Chevedden 1995), although Prokopios describes the much simpler single-armed vertically mounted torsion-powered onager, a stone-thrower, at the siege of Rome.\"§REF§(Haldon 2008, 478) Jeffreys E, Haldon J and Cormack R eds. 2008. The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§ Torsion siege engines are more powerful than tension siege engines." }, { "id": 303, "polity": { "id": 164, "name": "tr_hatti_new_k", "long_name": "Hatti - New Kingdom", "start_year": -1400, "end_year": -1180 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Siege warfare is attested in Old Hittite written records. §REF§Lorenz J. and I. Schrakamp (2011) Hittite Military and Warfare, pp. 144 [In:] H. Genz and D. P. Mielke (ed.) <i>Insights Into Hittite History And Archaeology</i>, Colloquia Antiqua 2, Leuven, Paris, Walpole MA: PEETERS, pp. 125-138§REF§. In Anatolia siege warfare was mentioned in Old Hittite records.§REF§Siegelova I. and H. Tsumoto (2011) Metals and Metallurgy in Hittite Anatolia, pp. 278 [In:] H. Genz and D. P. Mielke (ed.) Insights Into Hittite History And Archaeology, Colloquia Antiqua 2, Leuven, Paris, Walpole MA: PEETERS, pp. 275-300§REF§ <i>Presumably at this time the catapult was not used?</i> In India, according to Jain texts, Ajatashatru, a 5th century BCE king of Magadha in North India, used a catapult \"capable of hurling huge pieces of stone\".§REF§(Singh 2008, 272) Upinder Singh. 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Longman. Delhi.§REF§ Marsden (1969) said archaeological records exist before the 4th century BCE.§REF§(Marsden 1969, 5, 16, 66.) Marsden, E. W. 1969. Greek and Roman Artillery: The Historical Development. Toronto: Oxford University Press.§REF§ The Achaemenids (c400 BCE?) are assumed to have had the catapult because the Macedonians did.§REF§(Dandamaev 1989, 314) Dandamaev, M A. 1989. A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire. Brill.§REF§ Pollard and Berry (2012) say torsion catapults first came into widespread use in the Hellenistic period 4th - 1st centuries BCE.§REF§(Pollard and Berry 2012, 45) Pollard, N, Berry, J (2012) The Complete Roman Legions, Thames and Hudson, London Rives, J (2006) Religion in the Roman Empire, Wiley§REF§ The Syracuse Greek Dionysios I invented a form of crossbow called the gastraphetes in 399 BCE which encouraged the development of large tension-powered weapons.§REF§(Keyser and Irby-Massie 2006, 260) Paul T Keyser. Georgia Irby-Massie. Science, Medicine, And Technology. Glenn R Bugh. ed. 2006. The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ <i>There is no direct evidence for catapults for this time/location. The aforementioned evidence we currently have covering the wider ancient world suggests they were probably not used at this time, perhaps because effective machines had not been invented yet.</i>" }, { "id": 304, "polity": { "id": 162, "name": "tr_hatti_old_k", "long_name": "Hatti - Old Kingdom", "start_year": -1650, "end_year": -1500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Siege warfare is attested in Old Hittite written records. §REF§Lorenz J. and I. Schrakamp (2011) Hittite Military and Warfare, pp. 144 [In:] H. Genz and D. P. Mielke (ed.) <i>Insights Into Hittite History And Archaeology</i>, Colloquia Antiqua 2, Leuven, Paris, Walpole MA: PEETERS, pp. 125-138§REF§. In Anatolia siege warfare was mentioned in Old Hittite records.§REF§Siegelova I. and H. Tsumoto (2011) Metals and Metallurgy in Hittite Anatolia, pp. 278 [In:] H. Genz and D. P. Mielke (ed.) Insights Into Hittite History And Archaeology, Colloquia Antiqua 2, Leuven, Paris, Walpole MA: PEETERS, pp. 275-300§REF§ <i>Presumably at this time the catapult was not used?</i> In India, according to Jain texts, Ajatashatru, a 5th century BCE king of Magadha in North India, used a catapult \"capable of hurling huge pieces of stone\".§REF§(Singh 2008, 272) Upinder Singh. 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Longman. Delhi.§REF§ Marsden (1969) said archaeological records exist before the 4th century BCE.§REF§(Marsden 1969, 5, 16, 66.) Marsden, E. W. 1969. Greek and Roman Artillery: The Historical Development. Toronto: Oxford University Press.§REF§ The Achaemenids (c400 BCE?) are assumed to have had the catapult because the Macedonians did.§REF§(Dandamaev 1989, 314) Dandamaev, M A. 1989. A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire. Brill.§REF§ Pollard and Berry (2012) say torsion catapults first came into widespread use in the Hellenistic period 4th - 1st centuries BCE.§REF§(Pollard and Berry 2012, 45) Pollard, N, Berry, J (2012) The Complete Roman Legions, Thames and Hudson, London Rives, J (2006) Religion in the Roman Empire, Wiley§REF§ The Syracuse Greek Dionysios I invented a form of crossbow called the gastraphetes in 399 BCE which encouraged the development of large tension-powered weapons.§REF§(Keyser and Irby-Massie 2006, 260) Paul T Keyser. Georgia Irby-Massie. Science, Medicine, And Technology. Glenn R Bugh. ed. 2006. The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ <i>There is no direct evidence for catapults for this time/location. The aforementioned evidence we currently have covering the wider ancient world suggests they were probably not used at this time, perhaps because effective machines had not been invented yet.</i>" }, { "id": 305, "polity": { "id": 168, "name": "tr_lydia_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Lydia", "start_year": -670, "end_year": -546 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " In Anatolia siege warfare was mentioned in Old Hittite records.§REF§Siegelova I. and H. Tsumoto (2011) Metals and Metallurgy in Hittite Anatolia, pp. 278 [In:] H. Genz and D. P. Mielke (ed.) Insights Into Hittite History And Archaeology, Colloquia Antiqua 2, Leuven, Paris, Walpole MA: PEETERS, pp. 275-300§REF§ <i>Presumably at this time the catapult was not used?</i> In India, according to Jain texts, Ajatashatru, a 5th century BCE king of Magadha in North India, used a catapult \"capable of hurling huge pieces of stone\".§REF§(Singh 2008, 272) Upinder Singh. 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Longman. Delhi.§REF§ Marsden (1969) said archaeological records exist before the 4th century BCE.§REF§(Marsden 1969, 5, 16, 66.) Marsden, E. W. 1969. Greek and Roman Artillery: The Historical Development. Toronto: Oxford University Press.§REF§ The Achaemenids (c400 BCE?) are assumed to have had the catapult because the Macedonians did.§REF§(Dandamaev 1989, 314) Dandamaev, M A. 1989. A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire. Brill.§REF§ Pollard and Berry (2012) say torsion catapults first came into widespread use in the Hellenistic period 4th - 1st centuries BCE.§REF§(Pollard and Berry 2012, 45) Pollard, N, Berry, J (2012) The Complete Roman Legions, Thames and Hudson, London Rives, J (2006) Religion in the Roman Empire, Wiley§REF§ The Syracuse Greek Dionysios I invented a form of crossbow called the gastraphetes in 399 BCE which encouraged the development of large tension-powered weapons.§REF§(Keyser and Irby-Massie 2006, 260) Paul T Keyser. Georgia Irby-Massie. Science, Medicine, And Technology. Glenn R Bugh. ed. 2006. The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ <i>There is no direct evidence for catapults for this time/location. The aforementioned evidence we currently have covering the wider ancient world suggests they were probably not used at this time, perhaps because effective machines had not been invented yet.</i>" }, { "id": 306, "polity": { "id": 169, "name": "tr_lysimachus_k", "long_name": "Lysimachus Kingdom", "start_year": -323, "end_year": -281 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 307, "polity": { "id": 156, "name": "tr_konya_mnl", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -6600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 308, "polity": { "id": 155, "name": "tr_konya_enl", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Neolithic", "start_year": -9600, "end_year": -7000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 309, "polity": { "id": 157, "name": "tr_konya_lnl", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Neolithic", "start_year": -6600, "end_year": -6000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 310, "polity": { "id": 165, "name": "tr_neo_hittite_k", "long_name": "Neo-Hittite Kingdoms", "start_year": -1180, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " In Anatolia siege warfare was mentioned in Old Hittite records.§REF§Siegelova I. and H. Tsumoto (2011) Metals and Metallurgy in Hittite Anatolia, pp. 278 [In:] H. Genz and D. P. Mielke (ed.) Insights Into Hittite History And Archaeology, Colloquia Antiqua 2, Leuven, Paris, Walpole MA: PEETERS, pp. 275-300§REF§ <i>Presumably at this time the catapult was not used?</i> In India, according to Jain texts, Ajatashatru, a 5th century BCE king of Magadha in North India, used a catapult \"capable of hurling huge pieces of stone\".§REF§(Singh 2008, 272) Upinder Singh. 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Longman. Delhi.§REF§ Marsden (1969) said archaeological records exist before the 4th century BCE.§REF§(Marsden 1969, 5, 16, 66.) Marsden, E. W. 1969. Greek and Roman Artillery: The Historical Development. Toronto: Oxford University Press.§REF§ The Achaemenids (c400 BCE?) are assumed to have had the catapult because the Macedonians did.§REF§(Dandamaev 1989, 314) Dandamaev, M A. 1989. A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire. Brill.§REF§ Pollard and Berry (2012) say torsion catapults first came into widespread use in the Hellenistic period 4th - 1st centuries BCE.§REF§(Pollard and Berry 2012, 45) Pollard, N, Berry, J (2012) The Complete Roman Legions, Thames and Hudson, London Rives, J (2006) Religion in the Roman Empire, Wiley§REF§ The Syracuse Greek Dionysios I invented a form of crossbow called the gastraphetes in 399 BCE which encouraged the development of large tension-powered weapons.§REF§(Keyser and Irby-Massie 2006, 260) Paul T Keyser. Georgia Irby-Massie. Science, Medicine, And Technology. Glenn R Bugh. ed. 2006. The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ <i>There is no direct evidence for catapults for this time/location. The aforementioned evidence we currently have covering the wider ancient world suggests they were probably not used at this time, perhaps because effective machines had not been invented yet.</i>" }, { "id": 311, "polity": { "id": 173, "name": "tr_ottoman_emirate", "long_name": "Ottoman Emirate", "start_year": 1299, "end_year": 1402 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§Personal communication. Johannes Preiser-Kapeller. 2016. Institute for Medieval Research. Division of Byzantine Research. Austrian Academy of Sciences.§REF§" }, { "id": 312, "polity": { "id": 174, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_1", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire I", "start_year": 1402, "end_year": 1517 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": "§REF§Personal communication. Johannes Preiser-Kapeller. 2016. Institute for Medieval Research. Division of Byzantine Research. Austrian Academy of Sciences.§REF§" }, { "id": 313, "polity": { "id": 175, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_2", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire II", "start_year": 1517, "end_year": 1683 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 314, "polity": { "id": 166, "name": "tr_phrygian_k", "long_name": "Phrygian Kingdom", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -695 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " In Anatolia siege warfare was mentioned in Old Hittite records.§REF§Siegelova I. and H. Tsumoto (2011) Metals and Metallurgy in Hittite Anatolia, pp. 278 [In:] H. Genz and D. P. Mielke (ed.) Insights Into Hittite History And Archaeology, Colloquia Antiqua 2, Leuven, Paris, Walpole MA: PEETERS, pp. 275-300§REF§ <i>Presumably at this time the catapult was not used?</i> In India, according to Jain texts, Ajatashatru, a 5th century BCE king of Magadha in North India, used a catapult \"capable of hurling huge pieces of stone\".§REF§(Singh 2008, 272) Upinder Singh. 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Longman. Delhi.§REF§ Marsden (1969) said archaeological records exist before the 4th century BCE.§REF§(Marsden 1969, 5, 16, 66.) Marsden, E. W. 1969. Greek and Roman Artillery: The Historical Development. Toronto: Oxford University Press.§REF§ The Achaemenids (c400 BCE?) are assumed to have had the catapult because the Macedonians did.§REF§(Dandamaev 1989, 314) Dandamaev, M A. 1989. A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire. Brill.§REF§ Pollard and Berry (2012) say torsion catapults first came into widespread use in the Hellenistic period 4th - 1st centuries BCE.§REF§(Pollard and Berry 2012, 45) Pollard, N, Berry, J (2012) The Complete Roman Legions, Thames and Hudson, London Rives, J (2006) Religion in the Roman Empire, Wiley§REF§ The Syracuse Greek Dionysios I invented a form of crossbow called the gastraphetes in 399 BCE which encouraged the development of large tension-powered weapons.§REF§(Keyser and Irby-Massie 2006, 260) Paul T Keyser. Georgia Irby-Massie. Science, Medicine, And Technology. Glenn R Bugh. ed. 2006. The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ <i>There is no direct evidence for catapults for this time/location. The aforementioned evidence we currently have covering the wider ancient world suggests they were probably not used at this time, perhaps because effective machines had not been invented yet.</i>" }, { "id": 315, "polity": { "id": 71, "name": "tr_roman_dominate", "long_name": "Roman Empire - Dominate", "start_year": 285, "end_year": 394 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Cart-mounted catapults. §REF§(Pollard and Berry 2012, 222)§REF§" }, { "id": 316, "polity": { "id": 171, "name": "tr_rum_sultanate", "long_name": "Rum Sultanate", "start_year": 1077, "end_year": 1307 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Present for the Abbasids, Ayyubids and Fatimids. Unknown for the Seljuks." }, { "id": 317, "polity": { "id": 167, "name": "tr_tabal_k", "long_name": "Tabal Kingdoms", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -730 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " In Anatolia siege warfare was mentioned in Old Hittite records.§REF§Siegelova I. and H. Tsumoto (2011) Metals and Metallurgy in Hittite Anatolia, pp. 278 [In:] H. Genz and D. P. Mielke (ed.) Insights Into Hittite History And Archaeology, Colloquia Antiqua 2, Leuven, Paris, Walpole MA: PEETERS, pp. 275-300§REF§ <i>Presumably at this time the catapult was not used?</i> In India, according to Jain texts, Ajatashatru, a 5th century BCE king of Magadha in North India, used a catapult \"capable of hurling huge pieces of stone\".§REF§(Singh 2008, 272) Upinder Singh. 2008. A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century. Pearson Longman. Delhi.§REF§ Marsden (1969) said archaeological records exist before the 4th century BCE.§REF§(Marsden 1969, 5, 16, 66.) Marsden, E. W. 1969. Greek and Roman Artillery: The Historical Development. Toronto: Oxford University Press.§REF§ The Achaemenids (c400 BCE?) are assumed to have had the catapult because the Macedonians did.§REF§(Dandamaev 1989, 314) Dandamaev, M A. 1989. A Political History of the Achaemenid Empire. Brill.§REF§ Pollard and Berry (2012) say torsion catapults first came into widespread use in the Hellenistic period 4th - 1st centuries BCE.§REF§(Pollard and Berry 2012, 45) Pollard, N, Berry, J (2012) The Complete Roman Legions, Thames and Hudson, London Rives, J (2006) Religion in the Roman Empire, Wiley§REF§ The Syracuse Greek Dionysios I invented a form of crossbow called the gastraphetes in 399 BCE which encouraged the development of large tension-powered weapons.§REF§(Keyser and Irby-Massie 2006, 260) Paul T Keyser. Georgia Irby-Massie. Science, Medicine, And Technology. Glenn R Bugh. ed. 2006. The Cambridge Companion to the Hellenistic World. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ <i>There is no direct evidence for catapults for this time/location. The aforementioned evidence we currently have covering the wider ancient world suggests they were probably not used at this time, perhaps because effective machines had not been invented yet.</i>" }, { "id": 318, "polity": { "id": 32, "name": "us_cahokia_1", "long_name": "Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling", "start_year": 1050, "end_year": 1199 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 319, "polity": { "id": 33, "name": "us_cahokia_2", "long_name": "Cahokia - Moorehead", "start_year": 1200, "end_year": 1275 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 320, "polity": { "id": 30, "name": "us_early_illinois_confederation", "long_name": "Early Illinois Confederation", "start_year": 1640, "end_year": 1717 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Sources only mention bows and arrows, muskets, war-clubs, knives, and hatchets§REF§Illinois State Museum, The Illinois, Technology: Weapons (2000), <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/nat_amer/post/htmls/te_houses.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/nat_amer/post/htmls/te_houses.html</a>§REF§. It should be noted that sources that specifically describe the way the Illinois Confederation waged war are relatively rare." }, { "id": 321, "polity": { "id": 101, "name": "us_haudenosaunee_1", "long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early", "start_year": 1566, "end_year": 1713 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 322, "polity": { "id": 102, "name": "us_haudenosaunee_2", "long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late", "start_year": 1714, "end_year": 1848 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 323, "polity": { "id": 20, "name": "us_kamehameha_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period", "start_year": 1778, "end_year": 1819 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§Kuykendall, Ralph S. 1968[1938]. The Hawaiian Kingdom, Volume 1: 1778-1854, Foundation and Transformation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 324, "polity": { "id": 22, "name": "us_woodland_1", "long_name": "Cahokia - Early Woodland", "start_year": -600, "end_year": -150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 325, "polity": { "id": 34, "name": "us_emergent_mississippian_2", "long_name": "Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1049 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 326, "polity": { "id": 25, "name": "us_woodland_4", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland II", "start_year": 450, "end_year": 600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 327, "polity": { "id": 23, "name": "us_woodland_2", "long_name": "Cahokia - Middle Woodland", "start_year": -150, "end_year": 300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 328, "polity": { "id": 26, "name": "us_woodland_5", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland III", "start_year": 600, "end_year": 750 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 329, "polity": { "id": 24, "name": "us_woodland_3", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland I", "start_year": 300, "end_year": 450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 330, "polity": { "id": 28, "name": "us_cahokia_3", "long_name": "Cahokia - Sand Prairie", "start_year": 1275, "end_year": 1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 331, "polity": { "id": 27, "name": "us_emergent_mississippian_1", "long_name": "Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I", "start_year": 750, "end_year": 900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 332, "polity": { "id": 29, "name": "us_oneota", "long_name": "Oneota", "start_year": 1400, "end_year": 1650 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 333, "polity": { "id": 296, "name": "uz_chagatai_khanate", "long_name": "Chagatai Khanate", "start_year": 1227, "end_year": 1402 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 334, "polity": { "id": 469, "name": "uz_janid_dyn", "long_name": "Khanate of Bukhara", "start_year": 1599, "end_year": 1747 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 335, "polity": { "id": 465, "name": "uz_khwarasm_1", "long_name": "Ancient Khwarazm", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -521 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 336, "polity": { "id": 464, "name": "uz_koktepe_1", "long_name": "Koktepe I", "start_year": -1400, "end_year": -1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 337, "polity": { "id": 466, "name": "uz_koktepe_2", "long_name": "Koktepe II", "start_year": -750, "end_year": -550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 338, "polity": { "id": 287, "name": "uz_samanid_emp", "long_name": "Samanid Empire", "start_year": 819, "end_year": 999 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"A fragment of a wall painting depicting the use of a traction trebuchet at the siege of Penjikent (700-725) in modern Tajikistan. This unique painting is contemporary with Tang China, displaying how the traction trebuchet was used along the Silk Road.\"§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 339, "polity": { "id": 468, "name": "uz_sogdiana_city_states", "long_name": "Sogdiana - City-States Period", "start_year": 604, "end_year": 711 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"In the seventh century the Arab Caliphate overran the Sāssānian Empire and, as far as we can tell, no great changes took place in the Persian equipment then or for a long time afterwards.\" §REF§(Robinson 1967) Robinson, H. Russell. 1967. Oriental Armour. Walker and Co. New York.§REF§ \"Adapting Roman methods, Sassanid siege technology advanced greatly between the first and sixth centuries. The Sassanians employed offensive siege weapons such as scorpions, ballistae, battering rams, and moving towers.\" §REF§(Ward 2014, 31) Ward, S R. 2014. Immortal, Updated Edition: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces. Georgetown University Press.§REF§ \"A fragment of a wall painting depicting the use of a traction trebuchet at the siege of Penjikent (700-725) in modern Tajikistan. This unique painting is contemporary with Tang China, displaying how the traction trebuchet was used along the Silk Road.\"§REF§(Turnball 2002) Turnball, S. 2002. Siege Weapons of the Far East (1): AD 612-1300. Osprey Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 340, "polity": { "id": 370, "name": "uz_timurid_emp", "long_name": "Timurid Empire", "start_year": 1370, "end_year": 1526 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Siege engines deployed at Urganch (1379 CE).§REF§(Marozzi 2004, 78) Marozzi, J. 2004. Tamerlane. HarperCollinsPublishers. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 341, "polity": { "id": 368, "name": "ye_rasulid_dyn", "long_name": "Rasulid Dynasty", "start_year": 1229, "end_year": 1453 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Code inferred from Ayyubid Sultanate which occupied Yemen between 1175-1128 CE: Mangonels.§REF§(O'Kane 2009, 21) B O'Kane. 2009. Creswell Photographs Re-examined: New Perspectives on Islamic Architecture. American University in Cairo Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 342, "polity": { "id": 372, "name": "ye_tahirid_dyn", "long_name": "Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty", "start_year": 1454, "end_year": 1517 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Code inferred from Ayyubid Sultanate which occupied Yemen between 1175-1128 CE: Mangonels.§REF§(O'Kane 2009, 21) B O'Kane. 2009. Creswell Photographs Re-examined: New Perspectives on Islamic Architecture. American University in Cairo Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 343, "polity": { "id": 365, "name": "ye_warlords", "long_name": "Yemen - Era of Warlords", "start_year": 1038, "end_year": 1174 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Torsion engines in use in Arabic warfare in this period. §REF§(Kennedy 2001, 184§REF§ §REF§Kelly DeVries, 'siege engines' in The Oxford Companion to Military History, Eds. Holmes, Singleton, and Jones Oxford University Press: 2001)§REF§" }, { "id": 344, "polity": { "id": 359, "name": "ye_ziyad_dyn", "long_name": "Yemen Ziyadid Dynasty", "start_year": 822, "end_year": 1037 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Tension_siege_engine", "tension_siege_engine": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Torsion engines in use in Arabic warfare in this period. §REF§(Kennedy 2001, 184§REF§ §REF§Kelly DeVries, 'siege engines' in The Oxford Companion to Military History, Eds. Holmes, Singleton, and Jones Oxford University Press: 2001)§REF§" } ] }