Self Bow List
A viewset for viewing and editing Self Bows.
GET /api/wf/self-bows/?format=api&page=8
{ "count": 374, "next": null, "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/self-bows/?format=api&page=7", "results": [ { "id": 351, "polity": { "id": 26, "name": "us_woodland_5", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland III", "start_year": 600, "end_year": 750 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Beginning A.D. 300-400, the bow replaced the atlatl in most regions\" §REF§(Blitz and Porth 2013, 89-95)§REF§ However, not regularly used as a weapon: evidence of victims \"struck by arrows and clubs\" increased only during \"[l]ate in the first millennium AD\".§REF§(Milner, Chaplin and Zavodny 2013, 96-97) Milner, George, George Chaplin, and Emily Zavodny. 2013. “Conflict and Societal Change in Late Prehistoric Eastern North America.” <i>Evolutionary Anthropology</i> 22: 96-102. Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/PAF8KM8K/itemKey/QR77EGA6\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/PAF8KM8K/itemKey/QR77EGA6</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 352, "polity": { "id": 24, "name": "us_woodland_3", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland I", "start_year": 300, "end_year": 450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Beginning A.D. 300-400, the bow replaced the atlatl in most regions\" §REF§(Blitz and Porth 2013, 89-95)§REF§ However, not regularly used as a weapon: evidence of victims \"struck by arrows and clubs\" increased only during \"[l]ate in the first millennium AD\".§REF§(Milner, Chaplin and Zavodny 2013, 96-97) Milner, George, George Chaplin, and Emily Zavodny. 2013. “Conflict and Societal Change in Late Prehistoric Eastern North America.” <i>Evolutionary Anthropology</i> 22: 96-102. Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/PAF8KM8K/itemKey/QR77EGA6\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/PAF8KM8K/itemKey/QR77EGA6</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 353, "polity": { "id": 28, "name": "us_cahokia_3", "long_name": "Cahokia - Sand Prairie", "start_year": 1275, "end_year": 1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Arrow points from at least c600 CE. §REF§(Peregrine/Pauketat 2014, 16)§REF§ \"Projectile points thought to be from arrows were common by the Patrick phase, having been introduced earlier in Late Woodland times. The timing of their appearance coincides roughly with the earliest widespread use of the bow-and-arrow throughout eastern North America.\" §REF§(Milner 2006, 83)§REF§ \"bow and arrow introduced sometime around AD 400\" §REF§(Iseminger 2010, 26)§REF§" }, { "id": 354, "polity": { "id": 27, "name": "us_emergent_mississippian_1", "long_name": "Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I", "start_year": 750, "end_year": 900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Beginning A.D. 300-400, the bow replaced the atlatl in most regions\" §REF§(Blitz and Porth 2013, 89-95)§REF§ However, not regularly used as a weapon: evidence of victims \"struck by arrows and clubs\" increased only during \"last half of the first millennium\" §REF§(Milner 2006, 174)§REF§ First evidence of intergroup violence appears in the archaeological record after 600 CE. \"For the first time, there is evidence, in the form of group and individual burials with embedded arrow points, of the bow as the primary weapon of intergroup violence.\" §REF§(Blitz and Porth 2013, 89-95)§REF§" }, { "id": 355, "polity": { "id": 29, "name": "us_oneota", "long_name": "Oneota", "start_year": 1400, "end_year": 1650 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " The bow and arrow was the principal weapon, but bow type is not specified by the sources §REF§P.S. Martin, G.I. Quimby and D.Collier, Indians Before Columbus (1947), p. 316§REF§." }, { "id": 356, "polity": { "id": 296, "name": "uz_chagatai_khanate", "long_name": "Chagatai Khanate", "start_year": 1227, "end_year": 1402 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 357, "polity": { "id": 469, "name": "uz_janid_dyn", "long_name": "Khanate of Bukhara", "start_year": 1599, "end_year": 1747 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " The eighteenth century Durrani Empire used Uzbeks and other tribal groups who were still equipped with spears, battle axe and bow and arrow.§REF§J. Hanway, An Historical Account of the British Trade over the Caspian Sea, 4 vols., London, 1753 p. 252-4§REF§" }, { "id": 358, "polity": { "id": 465, "name": "uz_khwarasm_1", "long_name": "Ancient Khwarazm", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -521 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Other finds include bronze artefacts - a needle with an eye, a sickle with a shaped handle, a bronze arrow-head with a shaft - and stone moulds for casting shaft-hole arrowheads and sickles.\" §REF§(Askarov 1992, 441-443) A Askarov. The beginning of the Iron Age in Transoxania. Ahmad Hasan Dani, Vadim Mikhailovich Masson. ed. History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Volume 1. The dawn of civilization: earliest times to 700 B.C. UNESCO. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited. Delhi.§REF§ \"Composite bows are known from both Mesopotamia and the Great Steppe from the III millennium BCE. The Scythian bow was different from the Mesopotamian one primarily in its overall dimensions - it was smaller so that it could be used from the horseback. At the same time, self bows were also in use, but because of their large size they were not suitable for use by horse riders.\"§REF§Sergey A Nefedov, RAN Institute of History and Archaeology, Yekaterinburg, Russia. Personal Communication to Peter Turchin. January 2018.§REF§" }, { "id": 359, "polity": { "id": 464, "name": "uz_koktepe_1", "long_name": "Koktepe I", "start_year": -1400, "end_year": -1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Composite bows are known from both Mesopotamia and the Great Steppe from the III millennium BCE. The Scythian bow was different from the Mesopotamian one primarily in its overall dimensions - it was smaller so that it could be used from the horseback. At the same time, self bows were also in use, but because of their large size they were not suitable for use by horse riders.\"§REF§Sergey A Nefedov, RAN Institute of History and Archaeology, Yekaterinburg, Russia. Personal Communication to Peter Turchin. January 2018.§REF§" }, { "id": 360, "polity": { "id": 466, "name": "uz_koktepe_2", "long_name": "Koktepe II", "start_year": -750, "end_year": -550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " \"Composite bows are known from both Mesopotamia and the Great Steppe from the III millennium BCE. The Scythian bow was different from the Mesopotamian one primarily in its overall dimensions - it was smaller so that it could be used from the horseback. At the same time, self bows were also in use, but because of their large size they were not suitable for use by horse riders.\"§REF§Sergey A Nefedov, RAN Institute of History and Archaeology, Yekaterinburg, Russia. Personal Communication to Peter Turchin. January 2018.§REF§" }, { "id": 361, "polity": { "id": 287, "name": "uz_samanid_emp", "long_name": "Samanid Empire", "start_year": 819, "end_year": 999 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred absent due to use of the more powerful composite bow." }, { "id": 362, "polity": { "id": 468, "name": "uz_sogdiana_city_states", "long_name": "Sogdiana - City-States Period", "start_year": 604, "end_year": 711 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred absent due to use of more powerful composite bow." }, { "id": 363, "polity": { "id": 370, "name": "uz_timurid_emp", "long_name": "Timurid Empire", "start_year": 1370, "end_year": 1526 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " likely obsolete, due to the use of composite bows" }, { "id": 364, "polity": { "id": 537, "name": "ye_yemen_lba", "long_name": "Yemen - Late Bronze Age", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -801 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": true, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Some expert disagreement on whether an object commonly held by \"warriors\" in North Yemeni rock-art from the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age should be interpreted as a shield or a bow.§REF§(Jung 1991: 57) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/JP9KX5BK\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/JP9KX5BK</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 365, "polity": { "id": 537, "name": "ye_yemen_lba", "long_name": "Yemen - Late Bronze Age", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -801 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": true, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Some expert disagreement on whether an object commonly held by \"warriors\" in North Yemeni rock-art from the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age should be interpreted as a shield or a bow.§REF§(Jung 1991: 57) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/JP9KX5BK\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/JP9KX5BK</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 366, "polity": { "id": 536, "name": "ye_yemen_lnl", "long_name": "Neolithic Yemen", "start_year": -3500, "end_year": -1201 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": true, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Some expert disagreement on whether an object commonly held by \"warriors\" in North Yemeni rock-art from the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age should be interpreted as a shield or a bow.§REF§(Jung 1991: 57) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/JP9KX5BK\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/JP9KX5BK</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 367, "polity": { "id": 536, "name": "ye_yemen_lnl", "long_name": "Neolithic Yemen", "start_year": -3500, "end_year": -1201 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": true, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Some expert disagreement on whether an object commonly held by \"warriors\" in North Yemeni rock-art from the Late Neolithic and Bronze Age should be interpreted as a shield or a bow.§REF§(Jung 1991: 57) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/JP9KX5BK\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/JP9KX5BK</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 368, "polity": { "id": 541, "name": "ye_qasimid_dyn", "long_name": "Yemen - Qasimid Dynasty", "start_year": 1637, "end_year": 1805 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 369, "polity": { "id": 539, "name": "ye_qatabanian_commonwealth", "long_name": "Qatabanian Commonwealth", "start_year": -450, "end_year": -111 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(A. Sedov: pers. comm. to E. Cioni: September 2019)§REF§" }, { "id": 370, "polity": { "id": 368, "name": "ye_rasulid_dyn", "long_name": "Rasulid Dynasty", "start_year": 1229, "end_year": 1453 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Code inferred from Ayyubid Sultanate§REF§(Nicolle 1996, 159-181) D Nicolle. 1996. Medieval Warfare Source Book, Volume 2: Christian Europe and its Neighbours. Arms and Armour Press. London.§REF§ which occupied Yemen between 1175-1128 CE." }, { "id": 371, "polity": { "id": 538, "name": "ye_sabaean_commonwealth", "long_name": "Sabaean Commonwealth", "start_year": -800, "end_year": -451 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Battle-scenes\". found in\"Assurbanipal's palace at Nineveh\". depict\"The battle between Assurbanipal and the Arabian queen Adiya in 650 BC\". in which Adiya's\"Camel-riders [...] are armed with bow and arrows\".§REF§(Jung 1994: 242-243) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/UR2Z7N3W\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/UR2Z7N3W</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 372, "polity": { "id": 372, "name": "ye_tahirid_dyn", "long_name": "Yemen - Tahirid Dynasty", "start_year": 1454, "end_year": 1517 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Code inferred from Ayyubid Sultanate§REF§(Nicolle 1996, 159-181) D Nicolle. 1996. Medieval Warfare Source Book, Volume 2: Christian Europe and its Neighbours. Arms and Armour Press. London.§REF§ which occupied Yemen between 1175-1128 CE." }, { "id": 373, "polity": { "id": 365, "name": "ye_warlords", "long_name": "Yemen - Era of Warlords", "start_year": 1038, "end_year": 1174 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 374, "polity": { "id": 359, "name": "ye_ziyad_dyn", "long_name": "Yemen Ziyadid Dynasty", "start_year": 822, "end_year": 1037 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Self_bow", "self_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Code inferred from Abbasid Caliphate which occupied Yemen between 751-868 CE." } ] }