Limb Protection List
A viewset for viewing and editing Limb Protections.
GET /api/wf/limb-protections/?format=api&page=7
{ "count": 367, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/limb-protections/?format=api&page=8", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/limb-protections/?format=api&page=6", "results": [ { "id": 301, "polity": { "id": 194, "name": "ru_sakha_early", "long_name": "Sakha - Early", "start_year": 1400, "end_year": 1632 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " not mentioned in any of the sources that deal with weapons and armor" }, { "id": 302, "polity": { "id": 195, "name": "ru_sakha_late", "long_name": "Sakha - Late", "start_year": 1632, "end_year": 1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " not mentioned in any of the sources that deal with weapons and armor" }, { "id": 303, "polity": { "id": 521, "name": "eg_kushite", "long_name": "Egypt - Kushite Period", "start_year": -747, "end_year": -656 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " In the New Kingdom: \"Body armour, in the formof small bronze plates riveted to linen or leather jerkins, with a tapered lower half, began to be used.\" Jerkins do not have sleeves.§REF§(Shaw 1991: 42) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7J8H86XF\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7J8H86XF</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 304, "polity": { "id": 131, "name": "sy_umayyad_cal", "long_name": "Umayyad Caliphate", "start_year": 661, "end_year": 750 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": "§REF§(Kennedy 2001, 168-178)§REF§" }, { "id": 305, "polity": { "id": 44, "name": "th_ayutthaya", "long_name": "Ayutthaya", "start_year": 1593, "end_year": 1767 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " No references identified in the literature. RA." }, { "id": 306, "polity": { "id": 45, "name": "th_rattanakosin", "long_name": "Rattanakosin", "start_year": 1782, "end_year": 1873 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " No references in the literature." }, { "id": 307, "polity": { "id": 462, "name": "tj_sarasm", "long_name": "Sarazm", "start_year": -3500, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 308, "polity": { "id": 221, "name": "tn_fatimid_cal", "long_name": "Fatimid Caliphate", "start_year": 909, "end_year": 1171 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Not common. Specialist troops (e.g flag bearer) wore leather gauntlets.§REF§(Nicolle 1966, 78)§REF§" }, { "id": 309, "polity": { "id": 160, "name": "tr_konya_eba", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " This time is earlier than the earliest reference in Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel and Metz 1991, 51) Richard A Gabriel. Karen S Metz. 1991. The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§ It is also earlier than the earliest reference in Anatolia, the Hittite period.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§" }, { "id": 310, "polity": { "id": 163, "name": "tr_konya_lba", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II", "start_year": -1500, "end_year": -1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Greaves: present.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§ According to a military historian (requires check by polity expert): Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel 2007, 78) Richard A Gabriel. 2007. Soldiers' Lives Through History: The Ancient World. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 311, "polity": { "id": 161, "name": "tr_central_anatolia_mba", "long_name": "Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia", "start_year": -2000, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " This time is earlier than the earliest reference in Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel and Metz 1991, 51) Richard A Gabriel. Karen S Metz. 1991. The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§ It is also earlier than the earliest reference in Anatolia, the Hittite period.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§" }, { "id": 312, "polity": { "id": 73, "name": "tr_byzantine_emp_1", "long_name": "Byzantine Empire I", "start_year": 632, "end_year": 866 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Preiser-Kapeller says present.§REF§(Johannes Preiser-Kapeller 2015) Institute for Medieval Research, Division of Byzantine Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences)§REF§ \"Pteruges or leather thongs or strips provided upper-arm protection.\"§REF§(O'Rourke 2010, 11) O'Rourke, M. 2010. The Land Forces of the Roman (Byzantine) Empire in the 10th Century. Canberra.§REF§ \"Some cavalry also wore splinted lower leg armour (greaves) of bronze(Haldon 1999:131), but high leather boots seem to me more common in the pictorial sources.\"§REF§(O'Rourke 2010, 12) O'Rourke, M. 2010. The Land Forces of the Roman (Byzantine) Empire in the 10th Century. Canberra.§REF§ \"in the eighth or ninth century ... the lamellar cuirass with associated splinted arm-guards was adopted from the steppe, probably through the Khazars and Magyars\". §REF§(Haldon 2008, 473) Jeffreys E, Haldon J and Cormack R eds. 2008. The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 313, "polity": { "id": 75, "name": "tr_byzantine_emp_2", "long_name": "Byzantine Empire II", "start_year": 867, "end_year": 1072 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Preiser-Kapeller says present.§REF§(Preiser-Kapeller 2015) Institute for Medieval Research, Division of Byzantine Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences)§REF§ \"The mid-tenth-century heavy cavalryman is described in several sources, in particular the Praecepta militaria ascribed to the emperor Nikephoros II Phokas, and was protected by a lamellar klibaniony with splinted arm-guards, sleeves, and gauntlets, the latter from coarse silk or quilted cotton. From the waist to the knee he wore thick felt coverings, reinforced with mail; over the klibanion was worn a sleeveless quilted or padded coat (the epilorikon); and to protect the head and neck an iron helmet with mail or quilting attached and wrapped around the face. The lower leg was protected by splinted greaves of bronze.\"§REF§(Haldon 2008, 476-477) Jeffreys E, Haldon J and Cormack R eds. 2008. The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 314, "polity": { "id": 76, "name": "tr_byzantine_emp_3", "long_name": "Byzantine Empire III", "start_year": 1073, "end_year": 1204 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Preiser-Kapeller says present.§REF§(Preiser-Kapeller 2015) Institute for Medieval Research, Division of Byzantine Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences)§REF§ Varangian guard wore limb protection on arms and legs." }, { "id": 315, "polity": { "id": 170, "name": "tr_cappadocia_2", "long_name": "Late Cappadocia", "start_year": -330, "end_year": 16 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " By the time of 'Etruscan Rome' (400 BCE?) - here I believe the author is referring to ancient armies in general - \"bronze greaves to protect the shins and forearms of the soldier were standard items of military equipment.\"§REF§(Gabriel and Metz 1991, 51) Richard A Gabriel. Karen S Metz. 1991. The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 316, "polity": { "id": 158, "name": "tr_konya_eca", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic", "start_year": -6000, "end_year": -5500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " According to a military historian (this data needs to be checked by a polity specialist)the earliest reference in Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel and Metz 1991, 51) Richard A Gabriel. Karen S Metz. 1991. The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§ It is also earlier than the earliest reference in Anatolia, the Hittite period.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§" }, { "id": 317, "polity": { "id": 159, "name": "tr_konya_lca", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic", "start_year": -5500, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " This time is earlier than the earliest reference in Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel and Metz 1991, 51) Richard A Gabriel. Karen S Metz. 1991. The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§ It is also earlier than the earliest reference in Anatolia, the Hittite period.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§" }, { "id": 318, "polity": { "id": 72, "name": "tr_east_roman_emp", "long_name": "East Roman Empire", "start_year": 395, "end_year": 631 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"In the infantry of the later fifth and sixth centuries ... breastplate, helmet, leg-armour (splinted greaves of either iron or leather or felt), and wide round or oval shields.\" §REF§(Haldon 2008, 473-474) Jeffreys E, Haldon J and Cormack R eds. 2008. The Oxford Handbook of Byzantine Studies. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 319, "polity": { "id": 164, "name": "tr_hatti_new_k", "long_name": "Hatti - New Kingdom", "start_year": -1400, "end_year": -1180 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Greaves: present.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§ According to a military historian (data requires check by polity expert): Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel 2007, 78) Richard A Gabriel. 2007. Soldiers' Lives Through History: The Ancient World. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 320, "polity": { "id": 162, "name": "tr_hatti_old_k", "long_name": "Hatti - Old Kingdom", "start_year": -1650, "end_year": -1500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Greaves: present.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§ According to one military historian (a polity expert is needed to check its application here): Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel 2007, 78) Richard A Gabriel. 2007. Soldiers' Lives Through History: The Ancient World. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 321, "polity": { "id": 168, "name": "tr_lydia_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Lydia", "start_year": -670, "end_year": -546 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Closest reference in Anatolia is the Hittite period.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§ In Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel 2007, 78) Richard A Gabriel. 2007. Soldiers' Lives Through History: The Ancient World. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§ Mesopotamia (the Assyrians) c800 BCE?: iron plates used for shin protection.§REF§(Gabriel and Metz 1991, 51) Richard A Gabriel. Karen S Metz. 1991. The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 322, "polity": { "id": 169, "name": "tr_lysimachus_k", "long_name": "Lysimachus Kingdom", "start_year": -323, "end_year": -281 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Greaves were worn by Thracian cavalry after the 4th century BCE. §REF§Webber, C. (2003) Odrysian Cavalry, Army, Equipment and Tactics. Bar International Series 1139, pp. 529-554. p549§REF§ By the time of 'Etruscan Rome' (400 BCE?) - here I believe the author is referring to ancient armies in general - \"bronze greaves to protect the shins and forearms of the soldier were standard items of military equipment.\"§REF§(Gabriel and Metz 1991, 51) Richard A Gabriel. Karen S Metz. 1991. The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 323, "polity": { "id": 156, "name": "tr_konya_mnl", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -6600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "According to a military historian (this data needs to be checked by a polity specialist) the earliest reference in Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel and Metz 1991, 51) Richard A Gabriel. Karen S Metz. 1991. The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§ It is also earlier than the earliest reference in Anatolia, the Hittite period.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§" }, { "id": 324, "polity": { "id": 155, "name": "tr_konya_enl", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Neolithic", "start_year": -9600, "end_year": -7000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Polity earlier than the earliest reference in Anatolia, the Hittite period.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§" }, { "id": 325, "polity": { "id": 157, "name": "tr_konya_lnl", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Neolithic", "start_year": -6600, "end_year": -6000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " According to a military historian (this data needs to be checked by a polity specialist) the earliest reference in Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel and Metz 1991, 51) Richard A Gabriel. Karen S Metz. 1991. The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§ It is also earlier than the earliest reference in Anatolia, the Hittite period.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§" }, { "id": 326, "polity": { "id": 165, "name": "tr_neo_hittite_k", "long_name": "Neo-Hittite Kingdoms", "start_year": -1180, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Closest reference in Anatolia is the Hittite period.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§ According to a military history (data requires check by polity expert): In Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel 2007, 78) Richard A Gabriel. 2007. Soldiers' Lives Through History: The Ancient World. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 327, "polity": { "id": 173, "name": "tr_ottoman_emirate", "long_name": "Ottoman Emirate", "start_year": 1299, "end_year": 1402 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Greaves. Cavalry wore shoulder protection. §REF§(Nicolle 1983, 9-11)§REF§" }, { "id": 328, "polity": { "id": 174, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_1", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire I", "start_year": 1402, "end_year": 1517 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Greaves. Cavalry wore shoulder protection. §REF§(Nicolle 1983, 9-11)§REF§" }, { "id": 329, "polity": { "id": 175, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_2", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire II", "start_year": 1517, "end_year": 1683 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Limb armour worn by kapikulu cavalry.§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 36)§REF§ Sipahi cavalry armour had limb armour.§REF§(Nicolle 1983, Plate F)§REF§" }, { "id": 330, "polity": { "id": 176, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_3", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire III", "start_year": 1683, "end_year": 1839 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 331, "polity": { "id": 166, "name": "tr_phrygian_k", "long_name": "Phrygian Kingdom", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -695 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Closest reference in Anatolia is the Hittite period.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§ In Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel 2007, 78) Richard A Gabriel. 2007. Soldiers' Lives Through History: The Ancient World. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§ Mesopotamia (the Assyrians) c800 BCE?: iron plates used for shin protection.§REF§(Gabriel and Metz 1991, 51) Richard A Gabriel. Karen S Metz. 1991. The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 332, "polity": { "id": 71, "name": "tr_roman_dominate", "long_name": "Roman Empire - Dominate", "start_year": 285, "end_year": 394 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " manicae arm protection and greaves for lower-leg protection existed in earlier period.§REF§(Pollard and Berry 2012, 42, 45)§REF§" }, { "id": 333, "polity": { "id": 171, "name": "tr_rum_sultanate", "long_name": "Rum Sultanate", "start_year": 1077, "end_year": 1307 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Saljuq art shows soldiers wearing chain mail leg armour. §REF§Nicolle, David. Arms and Armour of the Crusading Era, 1050-1350: Islam, Eastern Europe and Asia. Rev. and updated ed. London : Mechanicsburg, Pa: Greenhill Books ; Stackpole Books, 1999. p.212.§REF§" }, { "id": 334, "polity": { "id": 167, "name": "tr_tabal_k", "long_name": "Tabal Kingdoms", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -730 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Closest reference in Anatolia is the Hittite period.§REF§Bryce T. (2007) Hittite Warrior, Oxford: Osprey Publishing, pp. 15§REF§ In Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel 2007, 78) Richard A Gabriel. 2007. Soldiers' Lives Through History: The Ancient World. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 335, "polity": { "id": 32, "name": "us_cahokia_1", "long_name": "Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling", "start_year": 1050, "end_year": 1199 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Checked by Peter Peregrine." }, { "id": 336, "polity": { "id": 33, "name": "us_cahokia_2", "long_name": "Cahokia - Moorehead", "start_year": 1200, "end_year": 1275 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Checked by Peter Peregrine." }, { "id": 337, "polity": { "id": 30, "name": "us_early_illinois_confederation", "long_name": "Early Illinois Confederation", "start_year": 1640, "end_year": 1717 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Sources only mention shields§REF§Illinois State Museum, The Illinois, Technology: Weapons (2000), <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/nat_amer/post/htmls/te_houses.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/nat_amer/post/htmls/te_houses.html</a>§REF§. It should be noted that sources that specifically describe the way the Illinois Confederation waged war are relatively rare." }, { "id": 338, "polity": { "id": 101, "name": "us_haudenosaunee_1", "long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early", "start_year": 1566, "end_year": 1713 }, "year_from": 1566, "year_to": 1609, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Hard armor of wood was found throughout the Northeast area in early times, although soft armor— rawhide corselets, long tunics, war shirts— is rarely mentioned. Lafitau offered this description of Iroquois armor: 'Their breastplates were also a fabric of wood or little reed wands, cut in proportional lengths, clasped against each other, twined and woven very neatly with little cords made of antelope or deerskin. They had thigh and arm guards of the same material. These breast-plates were made to resist arrows with bone or stone heads but would have been no protection against iron arrowheads. (1977, 115- 116)'\"§REF§(Jones 2004, 58-59) Jones, David. 2004. Native North American Armor, Shields, and Fortifications. Austin: University of Texas Press. Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/943RGM7A/itemKey/HABDQG2T\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/943RGM7A/itemKey/HABDQG2T</a>§REF§ \"[T]he introduction of firearms and metal tipped weapons into native warfare forced the Iroquois to reconsider the way they approached combat. They discarded their wooden body armor and shields, which were only marginally effective against metal weapons and afforded no protection whatsoever against French guns. Moreover, continued use of wooden armor became impractical as Iroquois warriors learned to adapt their fighting style to the new weaponry. Shortly after the stunning debut of French firearms in the 1609 revolt of the Mohawks, Champlain recorded that the Iroquois had already learned to 'throw themselves on the ground when they hear the report' of guns being fired. Wooden armor was too cumbersome for use in evolving Iroquois tactics, which also included hiding behind trees for protection until after the guns had fired. Armor and shields remained present in Iroquois society as teaching and protectice tools in the education of young warriors, but they no longer found a place in Iroquois wars.\"§REF§(Barr 2006, 28) Barr, Daniel P. 2006. <i>Unconquered: The Iroquois League at War in Colonial America</i>. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/943RGM7A/itemKey/KA4QX6HF\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/943RGM7A/itemKey/KA4QX6HF</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 339, "polity": { "id": 101, "name": "us_haudenosaunee_1", "long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early", "start_year": 1566, "end_year": 1713 }, "year_from": 1610, "year_to": 1713, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"Hard armor of wood was found throughout the Northeast area in early times, although soft armor— rawhide corselets, long tunics, war shirts— is rarely mentioned. Lafitau offered this description of Iroquois armor: 'Their breastplates were also a fabric of wood or little reed wands, cut in proportional lengths, clasped against each other, twined and woven very neatly with little cords made of antelope or deerskin. They had thigh and arm guards of the same material. These breast-plates were made to resist arrows with bone or stone heads but would have been no protection against iron arrowheads. (1977, 115- 116)'\"§REF§(Jones 2004, 58-59) Jones, David. 2004. Native North American Armor, Shields, and Fortifications. Austin: University of Texas Press. Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/943RGM7A/itemKey/HABDQG2T\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/943RGM7A/itemKey/HABDQG2T</a>§REF§ \"[T]he introduction of firearms and metal tipped weapons into native warfare forced the Iroquois to reconsider the way they approached combat. They discarded their wooden body armor and shields, which were only marginally effective against metal weapons and afforded no protection whatsoever against French guns. Moreover, continued use of wooden armor became impractical as Iroquois warriors learned to adapt their fighting style to the new weaponry. Shortly after the stunning debut of French firearms in the 1609 revolt of the Mohawks, Champlain recorded that the Iroquois had already learned to 'throw themselves on the ground when they hear the report' of guns being fired. Wooden armor was too cumbersome for use in evolving Iroquois tactics, which also included hiding behind trees for protection until after the guns had fired. Armor and shields remained present in Iroquois society as teaching and protectice tools in the education of young warriors, but they no longer found a place in Iroquois wars.\"§REF§(Barr 2006, 28) Barr, Daniel P. 2006. <i>Unconquered: The Iroquois League at War in Colonial America</i>. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/943RGM7A/itemKey/KA4QX6HF\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/943RGM7A/itemKey/KA4QX6HF</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 340, "polity": { "id": 102, "name": "us_haudenosaunee_2", "long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late", "start_year": 1714, "end_year": 1848 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Though it's not clear whether the Iroquois ever used limb protection, by this time they had stopped using body armour altogether. \"[T]he introduction of firearms and metal tipped weapons into native warfare forced the Iroquois to reconsider the way they approached combat. They discarded their wooden body armor and shields, which were only marginally effective against metal weapons and afforded no protection whatsoever against French guns. Moreover, continued use of wooden armor became impractical as Iroquois warriors learned to adapt their fighting style to the new weaponry. Shortly after the stunning debut of French firearms in the 1609 revolt of the Mohawks, Champlain recorded that the Iroquois had already learned to 'throw themselves on the ground when they hear the report' of guns being fired. Wooden armor was too cumbersome for use in evolving Iroquois tactics, which also included hiding behind trees for protection until after the guns had fired. Armor and shields remained present in Iroquois society as teaching and protectice tools in the education of young warriors, but they no longer found a place in Iroquois wars.\"§REF§(Barr 2006, 28) Barr, Daniel P. 2006. <i>Unconquered: The Iroquois League at War in Colonial America</i>. Westport, Conn.: Praeger. Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/943RGM7A/itemKey/KA4QX6HF\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/collectionKey/943RGM7A/itemKey/KA4QX6HF</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 341, "polity": { "id": 100, "name": "us_proto_haudenosaunee", "long_name": "Proto-Haudenosaunee Confederacy", "start_year": 1300, "end_year": 1565 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " The Iroquois often used arm and thigh armor, made from wood, cords, or deerskin. This is considered unique in this region.§REF§(Jones 2004: 59) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/IPU9UA8I\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/IPU9UA8I</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 342, "polity": { "id": 20, "name": "us_kamehameha_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period", "start_year": 1778, "end_year": 1819 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " This is possible, but I have found no references to it." }, { "id": 343, "polity": { "id": 22, "name": "us_woodland_1", "long_name": "Cahokia - Early Woodland", "start_year": -600, "end_year": -150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 344, "polity": { "id": 34, "name": "us_emergent_mississippian_2", "long_name": "Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1049 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Checked by Peter Peregrine." }, { "id": 345, "polity": { "id": 25, "name": "us_woodland_4", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland II", "start_year": 450, "end_year": 600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Checked by Peter Peregrine." }, { "id": 346, "polity": { "id": 23, "name": "us_woodland_2", "long_name": "Cahokia - Middle Woodland", "start_year": -150, "end_year": 300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Checked by Peter Peregrine." }, { "id": 347, "polity": { "id": 26, "name": "us_woodland_5", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland III", "start_year": 600, "end_year": 750 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Checked by Peter Peregrine." }, { "id": 348, "polity": { "id": 24, "name": "us_woodland_3", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland I", "start_year": 300, "end_year": 450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Checked by Peter Peregrine." }, { "id": 349, "polity": { "id": 28, "name": "us_cahokia_3", "long_name": "Cahokia - Sand Prairie", "start_year": 1275, "end_year": 1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Checked by Peter Peregrine." }, { "id": 350, "polity": { "id": 27, "name": "us_emergent_mississippian_1", "long_name": "Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I", "start_year": 750, "end_year": 900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Checked by Peter Peregrine." } ] }