Limb Protection List
A viewset for viewing and editing Limb Protections.
GET /api/wf/limb-protections/?format=api&page=3
{ "count": 367, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/limb-protections/?format=api&page=4", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/limb-protections/?format=api&page=2", "results": [ { "id": 101, "polity": { "id": 153, "name": "id_iban_1", "long_name": "Iban - Pre-Brooke", "start_year": 1650, "end_year": 1841 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " No references in the literature. RA." }, { "id": 102, "polity": { "id": 154, "name": "id_iban_2", "long_name": "Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial", "start_year": 1841, "end_year": 1987 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 103, "polity": { "id": 46, "name": "id_buni", "long_name": "Java - Buni Culture", "start_year": -400, "end_year": 500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " According to the Chinese Nan chou i wu chih (A Record of Strange Things in the Southern Regions) written about 222-228 CE a volcanic country called 'Ge-ying' (thought to be western Java) traded with the Malay Peninsula and imported horses from India. They were used by warriors. §REF§(Miksic and Goh 2017, 215) John Norman Miksic. Geok Yian Goh. Routledge. 2017. Ancient Southeast Asia. London. p. 215§REF§ It is likely they had some basic armour. Metallurgy was introduced after the third century BCE§REF§(Bellwood 2004, 36) Bellwood, Peter. The origins and dispersals of agricultural communities in Southeast Asia. Glover, Ian. Bellwood, Peter. eds. 2004. Southeast Asia: From Prehistory to History. RoutledgeCurzon. London.§REF§ so in addition to imported items, they may have had the ability to smith their own armour." }, { "id": 104, "polity": { "id": 47, "name": "id_kalingga_k", "long_name": "Kalingga Kingdom", "start_year": 500, "end_year": 732 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Indian military terms surviving in Javanese include 'armour'.§REF§(Kumara 2007, 161) Sasiprabha Kumara. 2007. Sanskrit Across Cultures. Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University. New Delhi.§REF§" }, { "id": 105, "polity": { "id": 49, "name": "id_kediri_k", "long_name": "Kediri Kingdom", "start_year": 1049, "end_year": 1222 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " The Borobudur reliefs depict armour but do not specify which kinds.§REF§(Draeger 1972, 23) D F Draeger. 1972. Weapons and Fighting Arts of Indonesia. Tuttle Publishing.§REF§ Old Mataram was a 'highly Indianized culture' until it was replaced by an East Javanese one \"that increasingly promoted various elements of the island's older indigenous traditions.\"§REF§(Unesco 2005, 233) Unesco. 2005. The Restoration of Borobudur. Unesco.§REF§ Indian military terms surviving in Javanese include 'armour, shield, helmet'.§REF§(Kumara 2007, 161) Sasiprabha Kumara. 2007. Sanskrit Across Cultures. Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University. New Delhi.§REF§" }, { "id": 106, "polity": { "id": 50, "name": "id_majapahit_k", "long_name": "Majapahit Kingdom", "start_year": 1292, "end_year": 1518 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " \"After the formation of the Majapahit Dynasty, however, weapons and warfare underwent significant changes. The military dress completely evolved from the Indian to the East Javanese fashion.\"§REF§(Powell 2002, 325) John Powell. 2002. Weapons & Warfare: Ancient and medieval weapons and warfare (to 1500). Salem Press.§REF§ Indian military terms surviving in Javanese include 'armour, shield, helmet'.§REF§(Kumara 2007, 161) Sasiprabha Kumara. 2007. Sanskrit Across Cultures. Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University. New Delhi.§REF§ The Borobudur reliefs depicted armour but do not specify which kinds.§REF§(Draeger 1972, 23) D F Draeger. 1972. Weapons and Fighting Arts of Indonesia. Tuttle Publishing.§REF§" }, { "id": 107, "polity": { "id": 51, "name": "id_mataram_k", "long_name": "Mataram Sultanate", "start_year": 1568, "end_year": 1755 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 108, "polity": { "id": 48, "name": "id_medang_k", "long_name": "Medang Kingdom", "start_year": 732, "end_year": 1019 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Old Mataram was a 'highly Indianized culture' until it was replaced by an East Javanese one \"that increasingly promoted various elements of the island's older indigenous traditions.\"§REF§(Unesco 2005, 233) Unesco. 2005. The Restoration of Borobudur. Unesco.§REF§ Indian military terms surviving in Javanese include 'armour, shield, helmet'.§REF§(Kumara 2007, 161) Sasiprabha Kumara. 2007. Sanskrit Across Cultures. Special Centre for Sanskrit Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University. New Delhi.§REF§" }, { "id": 109, "polity": { "id": 103, "name": "il_canaan", "long_name": "Canaan", "start_year": -2000, "end_year": -1175 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " The various Aegean peoples (including the Philistines) were known to use greaves well before the 12th Century BCE,§REF§Zorn (2010).§REF§ and it is possible that Canaanite armorers borrowed the practice, but we have no evidence of same." }, { "id": 110, "polity": { "id": 110, "name": "il_judea", "long_name": "Yehuda", "start_year": -141, "end_year": -63 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Present in preceding polities." }, { "id": 111, "polity": { "id": 105, "name": "il_yisrael", "long_name": "Yisrael", "start_year": -1030, "end_year": -722 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Greaves were known to the Israelites from the example of the Philistines, for example I Samuel 17:5." }, { "id": 112, "polity": { "id": 416, "name": "in_ayodhya_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Ayodhya", "start_year": -64, "end_year": 34 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Kautilya's Arthashastra mentions coats extending to the knees, one which reached the floor, and another without arm covering (Book II, The Duties of Government Superintendents\")." }, { "id": 113, "polity": { "id": 92, "name": "in_badami_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Badami", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 753 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Several Chalukyan epigraphs refer to kavacha or armour. A good number of sculptures at Badami, Aihole and Pattadakal show not only armoured soldiers but also caparisoned horses. Metal armours served as shields against attack by enemies, protecting both men and animal forces.\"§REF§(Dikshit 1980, 266) Durga Prasad Dikshit. 1980. Political History of the Chalukyas of Badami. Abhinav Publications. New Delhi.§REF§ Kautilya's Arthasastra, written after 200 BCE, mentions a thigh guard.§REF§(Olivelle 2016, 142-143) Patrick Olivelle trans. 2016. King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kautilya's Arthasastra. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 114, "polity": { "id": 94, "name": "in_kalyani_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Kalyani", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1189 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Kautilya's Arthasastra, written after 200 BCE, mentions a thigh guard.§REF§(Olivelle 2016, 142-143) Patrick Olivelle trans. 2016. King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kautilya's Arthasastra. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 115, "polity": { "id": 86, "name": "in_deccan_ia", "long_name": "Deccan - Iron Age", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 116, "polity": { "id": 88, "name": "in_post_mauryan_k", "long_name": "Post-Mauryan Kingdoms", "start_year": -205, "end_year": -101 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Kautilya's Arthasastra, written after 200 BCE, mentions a thigh guard.§REF§(Olivelle 2016, 142-143) Patrick Olivelle trans. 2016. King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kautilya's Arthasastra. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 117, "polity": { "id": 85, "name": "in_deccan_nl", "long_name": "Deccan - Neolithic", "start_year": -2700, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " <i>NB: The following refers to a different era and place.</i> Kautilya's Arthasastra, written after 200 BCE, mentions \"dense structures made of the skin, hooves, and horns/tusks of the river dolphin, rhinocerous, Dhenuka, and cattle\" used as armor and a leather shield.§REF§(Olivelle 2016, 142-143) Patrick Olivelle trans. 2016. King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kautilya's Arthasastra. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 118, "polity": { "id": 135, "name": "in_delhi_sultanate", "long_name": "Delhi Sultanate", "start_year": 1206, "end_year": 1526 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Iron stirrups and heavy armour, for both horses and horsemen also became common during this period.\"§REF§(Ahmed 2011, 99) Ahmed, Farooqui Salma. 2011. A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century. Pearson Education India.§REF§ According to Ibn Battuta in 1333 Delhi forces employed heavy-armoured cavalry.§REF§(Jackson 2003, 17) Peter Jackson. 2003. The Delhi Sultanate: A Political and Military History. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 119, "polity": { "id": 415, "name": "in_ganga_ca", "long_name": "Chalcolithic Middle Ganga", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -601 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned by sources in lists of artifacts found at sites in the region dating to this time." }, { "id": 120, "polity": { "id": 414, "name": "in_ganga_nl", "long_name": "Neolithic Middle Ganga", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -3001 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned by sources in lists of artefacts found at sites in the region dating to this time." }, { "id": 121, "polity": { "id": 111, "name": "in_achik_1", "long_name": "Early A'chik", "start_year": 1775, "end_year": 1867 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 122, "polity": { "id": 112, "name": "in_achik_2", "long_name": "Late A'chik", "start_year": 1867, "end_year": 1956 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 123, "polity": { "id": 405, "name": "in_gahadavala_dyn", "long_name": "Gahadavala Dynasty", "start_year": 1085, "end_year": 1193 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"The period between the post-Gupta era and the Islamic invasions is generally regarded as a sort of 'quasi Dark Age' in India ... military historian U. P. Thapliyal asserts that after CE 500, there were no innovations in the theory and practice of warfare.\"§REF§(Roy 2013, 27) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/X24V7ZAD\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/X24V7ZAD</a>.§REF§ This is a post-Gupta era polity so if the Guptas used limb protection and there was no major shift in weaponry until the Islamic invasion then limb protection was probably still in use at this time." }, { "id": 124, "polity": { "id": 388, "name": "in_gupta_emp", "long_name": "Gupta Empire", "start_year": 320, "end_year": 550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"The Guptas imitated the dress, equipment and the techniques of warfare as practised by the Central Asian nomads.\"§REF§(Roy 2016, 22) Kaushik Roy. 2016. Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia. Routledge. Abingdon.§REF§ Contemporary Sassanid elite cavalry (Savaran) wore various types of limb armour.§REF§(Roy 2016, 23) Kaushik Roy. 2016. Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia. Routledge. Abingdon.§REF§ Gupta coins show monarchs wearing \"skin tight trousers or breeches and boots laced up to the knees.\"§REF§(Roy 2016, 24) Kaushik Roy. 2016. Military Manpower, Armies and Warfare in South Asia. Routledge. Abingdon.§REF§" }, { "id": 125, "polity": { "id": 418, "name": "in_gurjara_pratihara_dyn", "long_name": "Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty", "start_year": 730, "end_year": 1030 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"The period between the post-Gupta era and the Islamic invasions is generally regarded as a sort of 'quasi Dark Age' in India ... military historian U. P. Thapliyal asserts that after CE 500, there were no innovations in the theory and practice of warfare.\"§REF§(Roy 2013, 27) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/X24V7ZAD\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/X24V7ZAD</a>.§REF§ This is a post-Gupta era polity so if the Guptas used limb protection and there was no major shift in weaponry until the Islamic invasion then limb protection was probably still in use at this time." }, { "id": 126, "polity": { "id": 95, "name": "in_hoysala_k", "long_name": "Hoysala Kingdom", "start_year": 1108, "end_year": 1346 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Kautilya's Arthasastra, written after 200 BCE, mentions a thigh guard.§REF§(Olivelle 2016, 142-143) Patrick Olivelle trans. 2016. King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kautilya's Arthasastra. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 127, "polity": { "id": 91, "name": "in_kadamba_emp", "long_name": "Kadamba Empire", "start_year": 345, "end_year": 550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Kautilya's Arthasastra, written after 200 BCE, mentions a thigh guard.§REF§(Olivelle 2016, 142-143) Patrick Olivelle trans. 2016. King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kautilya's Arthasastra. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 128, "polity": { "id": 96, "name": "in_kampili_k", "long_name": "Kampili Kingdom", "start_year": 1280, "end_year": 1327 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Kautilya's Arthasastra, written after 200 BCE, mentions a thigh guard.§REF§(Olivelle 2016, 142-143) Patrick Olivelle trans. 2016. King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kautilya's Arthasastra. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 129, "polity": { "id": 417, "name": "in_kannauj_varman_dyn", "long_name": "Kannauj - Varman Dynasty", "start_year": 650, "end_year": 780 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 130, "polity": { "id": 390, "name": "in_magadha_k", "long_name": "Magadha", "start_year": 450, "end_year": 605 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"The period between the post-Gupta era and the Islamic invasions is generally regarded as a sort of 'quasi Dark Age' in India ... military historian U. P. Thapliyal asserts that after CE 500, there were no innovations in the theory and practice of warfare.\"§REF§(Roy 2013, 27) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/X24V7ZAD\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/X24V7ZAD</a>.§REF§ This is a post-Gupta era polity so if the Guptas used limb protection and there was no major shift in weaponry until the Islamic invasion then limb protection was probably still in use at this time." }, { "id": 131, "polity": { "id": 384, "name": "in_mahajanapada", "long_name": "Mahajanapada era", "start_year": -600, "end_year": -324 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " In a hymn to arms (in the Rigveda Samhita 6.75) the use of gauntlets is mentioned: \"It wraps itself around the arm like a serpent with coils, warding off the snap of the bowstring. Let the gauntlet, knowing all the ways, protect on all sides, a man protecting a man...\" §REF§Upinder Singh, A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th Century (New Delhi: Pearson Education, 2008), p.188.§REF§" }, { "id": 132, "polity": { "id": 87, "name": "in_mauryan_emp", "long_name": "Magadha - Maurya Empire", "start_year": -324, "end_year": -187 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Arm protection worn by elite warriors. §REF§Singh, Sarva Daman. Ancient Indian Warfare: With Special Reference to the Vedic Period. Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 1989. p. 116§REF§ Kautilya's Arthashastra mentions gloves (Book II, The Duties of Government Superintendents\")." }, { "id": 133, "polity": { "id": 98, "name": "in_mughal_emp", "long_name": "Mughal Empire", "start_year": 1526, "end_year": 1858 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " <i>Dastwdnah</i> - gauntlet or arm piece. §REF§William Irvine, The army of the Indian Moghuls: its organization and administration (1903),pp. 62-70§REF§" }, { "id": 134, "polity": { "id": 93, "name": "in_rashtrakuta_emp", "long_name": "Rashtrakuta Empire", "start_year": 753, "end_year": 973 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Kautilya's Arthasastra, written after 200 BCE, mentions a thigh guard.§REF§(Olivelle 2016, 142-143) Patrick Olivelle trans. 2016. King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kautilya's Arthasastra. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 135, "polity": { "id": 89, "name": "in_satavahana_emp", "long_name": "Satavahana Empire", "start_year": -100, "end_year": 200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Ancient Indians used iron for armour cuirasses and breastplates but copper was also used.§REF§(Singh 1997) Sarva Daman Singh. 1997. Ancient Indian Warfare: With Special Reference to the Vedic Period. Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. Delhi.§REF§ <i>Likely referring to time following the Macedonian invasion.</i> Kautilya's Arthasastra, written after 200 BCE, mentions a thigh guard.§REF§(Olivelle 2016, 142-143) Patrick Olivelle trans. 2016. King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kautilya's Arthasastra. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 136, "polity": { "id": 385, "name": "in_sunga_emp", "long_name": "Magadha - Sunga Empire", "start_year": -187, "end_year": -65 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred from use in Mauryan Empire. The Sunga Dynasty was in effect the continuation of the Mauryan Empire as it was established in a coup by the Mauryan general Pushyamitra Sunga (Roy 2015, 19).§REF§(Roy 2015: 19) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/35K9MMUW\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/35K9MMUW</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 137, "polity": { "id": 90, "name": "in_vakataka_k", "long_name": "Vakataka Kingdom", "start_year": 255, "end_year": 550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Vakataka \"soldiers were provided with armours and helmets.\"§REF§(Majumdar and Altekar 1986, 277) Anant Sadashiv Altekar. The Administrative Organisation. Ramesh Chandra Majumdar. Anant Sadashiv Altekar. 1986. Vakataka - Gupta Age Circa 200-550 A.D. Motilal Banarsidass. Delhi.§REF§ Kautilya's Arthasastra, written after 200 BCE, mentions a thigh guard.§REF§(Olivelle 2016, 142-143) Patrick Olivelle trans. 2016. King, Governance, and Law in Ancient India: Kautilya's Arthasastra. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 138, "polity": { "id": 97, "name": "in_vijayanagara_emp", "long_name": "Vijayanagara Empire", "start_year": 1336, "end_year": 1646 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " According to Nuniz, soldiers of Vijayanagar 'Their shields are so large that there is no need for armour to protect the body, which is completely covered.'§REF§(Eraly 2015) Abraham Eraly. 2015. The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate. Penguin.§REF§" }, { "id": 139, "polity": { "id": 132, "name": "iq_abbasid_cal_1", "long_name": "Abbasid Caliphate I", "start_year": 750, "end_year": 946 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Some evidence of lamellar leggings in the sources. §REF§Kennedy, the Armies of the Caliphs pp. 168-178§REF§" }, { "id": 140, "polity": { "id": 484, "name": "iq_abbasid_cal_2", "long_name": "Abbasid Caliphate II", "start_year": 1191, "end_year": 1258 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"In the seventh century the Arab Caliphate overran the Sāssānian Empire and, as far as we can tell, no great changes took place in the Persian equipment then or for a long time afterwards.\"§REF§(Robinson 1967) Robinson, H. Russell. 1967. Oriental Armour. Walker and Co. New York.§REF§ Some evidence of lamellar leggings in the sources for soldiers in the armies of the earlier Abbasids.§REF§Kennedy, the Armies of the Caliphs pp. 168-178§REF§" }, { "id": 141, "polity": { "id": 476, "name": "iq_akkad_emp", "long_name": "Akkadian Empire", "start_year": -2270, "end_year": -2083 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " In the Stele of the Vultures, soldiers are \"dressed in sheepskin kilts, with some type of sash (leather or colored cloth?) over their left shoulders. 'King Eannatum himself' leads the army wearing a thick sheepskin kilt and long sheepskin robe\".§REF§(Hamblin 2006: 56-57) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/4WM3RBTD\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/4WM3RBTD</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 142, "polity": { "id": 475, "name": "iq_early_dynastic", "long_name": "Early Dynastic", "start_year": -2900, "end_year": -2500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " E.g., greaves." }, { "id": 143, "polity": { "id": 106, "name": "iq_neo_assyrian_emp", "long_name": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "start_year": -911, "end_year": -612 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"knee-high, leather jackboot with thick leather soles complete with hobbed nails to improve traction. The boot had thin plates of iron sewn into the front to provide shin protection.\"§REF§(Gabriel 2002, 10) Richard A Gabriel. 2002. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Praeger. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 144, "polity": { "id": 346, "name": "iq_neo_babylonian_emp", "long_name": "Neo-Babylonian Empire", "start_year": -626, "end_year": -539 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Present in previous and subsequent polities." }, { "id": 145, "polity": { "id": 472, "name": "iq_so_mesopotamia_nl", "long_name": "Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic", "start_year": -9000, "end_year": -5501 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"As with the rest of the Near East, there is little evidence for warfare in Neolithic Mesopotamia.\"§REF§(Hamblin 2006: 33) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/4WM3RBTD\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/4WM3RBTD</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 146, "polity": { "id": 473, "name": "iq_ubaid", "long_name": "Ubaid", "start_year": -5500, "end_year": -4000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"We have no evidence for warfare. In contrast with later periods, 'Ubaid seals show no depictions of weapons, prisoners, or combat scenes\".§REF§(Stein 1994: 39) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/V94SXJRJ\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/V94SXJRJ</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 147, "polity": { "id": 477, "name": "iq_ur_dyn_3", "long_name": "Ur - Dynasty III", "start_year": -2112, "end_year": -2004 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " This time is earlier than the earliest reference, for Greece c1600 BCE: \"Early Mycenaean and Minoan charioteers wore an arrangement of bronze armor that almost fully enclosed the soldier, the famous Dendra panoply.\"§REF§(Gabriel 2007, 78) Richard A Gabriel. 2007. Soldiers' Lives Through History: The Ancient World. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§ Closest reference is Mesopotamia (the Assyrians) c800 BCE?: iron plates used for shin protection.§REF§(Gabriel and Metz 1991, 51) Richard A Gabriel. Karen S Metz. 1991. The Military Capabilities of Ancient Armies. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 148, "polity": { "id": 474, "name": "iq_uruk", "long_name": "Uruk", "start_year": -4000, "end_year": -2900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 149, "polity": { "id": 107, "name": "ir_achaemenid_emp", "long_name": "Achaemenid Empire", "start_year": -550, "end_year": -331 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Greek mercenaries under Cyrus had \"helmets, greaves and shields of bronze\" §REF§(Sekunda 1992, 10) Sekunda, N. 1992. The Persian Army 560-330 BC. Osprey Publishing.§REF§ According to one military historian (data needs to be checked by an expert for this polity) Archaemenid cavalry wore leather greaves to protect the legs.§REF§(Gabriel 2002, 162) Richard A Gabriel. 2002. The Great Armies of Antiquity. Praeger. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 150, "polity": { "id": 508, "name": "ir_ak_koyunlu", "long_name": "Ak Koyunlu", "start_year": 1339, "end_year": 1501 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Limb_protection", "limb_protection": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null } ] }