Gunpowder Siege Artillery List
A viewset for viewing and editing Gunpowder Siege Artilleries.
GET /api/wf/gunpowder-siege-artilleries/?format=api&page=7
{ "count": 362, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/gunpowder-siege-artilleries/?format=api&page=8", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/gunpowder-siege-artilleries/?format=api&page=6", "results": [ { "id": 301, "polity": { "id": 44, "name": "th_ayutthaya", "long_name": "Ayutthaya", "start_year": 1593, "end_year": 1767 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred from the fact, in the 1560s, \"[c]ities invested in brick walls, wider moats, and defensive cannon\" §REF§(Baker and Phongpaichit 2009, p. 12)§REF§." }, { "id": 302, "polity": { "id": 45, "name": "th_rattanakosin", "long_name": "Rattanakosin", "start_year": 1782, "end_year": 1873 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " In the mid-1830s, British officers \"counted the cannon around the palaces\" §REF§(Baker and Phongpaichit 2009, p. 40)§REF§." }, { "id": 303, "polity": { "id": 462, "name": "tj_sarasm", "long_name": "Sarazm", "start_year": -3500, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " absent before the gunpowder era" }, { "id": 304, "polity": { "id": 221, "name": "tn_fatimid_cal", "long_name": "Fatimid Caliphate", "start_year": 909, "end_year": 1171 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 305, "polity": { "id": 160, "name": "tr_konya_eba", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 306, "polity": { "id": 163, "name": "tr_konya_lba", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Bronze Age II", "start_year": -1500, "end_year": -1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet." }, { "id": 307, "polity": { "id": 161, "name": "tr_central_anatolia_mba", "long_name": "Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia", "start_year": -2000, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 308, "polity": { "id": 73, "name": "tr_byzantine_emp_1", "long_name": "Byzantine Empire I", "start_year": 632, "end_year": 866 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Preiser-Kapeller says absent.§REF§(Johannes Preiser-Kapeller 2015) Institute for Medieval Research, Division of Byzantine Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences)§REF§ Bombards, first mentioned at 1393 CE. Early 15th century, arquebus. Not much evidence heavy firearms under Byzantine control. Probably occurred albeit a rare event. §REF§(Bartusis 1997, 334-340) Bartusis, M (1997) The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204-1453, University of Pennsylvania Press§REF§" }, { "id": 309, "polity": { "id": 75, "name": "tr_byzantine_emp_2", "long_name": "Byzantine Empire II", "start_year": 867, "end_year": 1072 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Preiser-Kapeller says absent.§REF§(Preiser-Kapeller 2015) Institute for Medieval Research, Division of Byzantine Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences)§REF§ Bombards, first mentioned at 1393 CE. Early 15th century, arquebus. Not much evidence heavy firearms under Byzantine control. Probably occurred albeit a rare event. §REF§(Bartusis 1997, 334-340) Bartusis, M (1997) The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204-1453, University of Pennsylvania Press§REF§" }, { "id": 310, "polity": { "id": 76, "name": "tr_byzantine_emp_3", "long_name": "Byzantine Empire III", "start_year": 1073, "end_year": 1204 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Preiser-Kapeller says absent.§REF§(Preiser-Kapeller 2015) Institute for Medieval Research, Division of Byzantine Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences)§REF§ Bombards, first mentioned at 1393 CE. Early 15th century, arquebus. Not much evidence heavy firearms under Byzantine control. Probably occurred albeit a rare event. §REF§(Bartusis 1997, 334-340) Bartusis, M (1997) The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society, 1204-1453, University of Pennsylvania Press§REF§" }, { "id": 311, "polity": { "id": 170, "name": "tr_cappadocia_2", "long_name": "Late Cappadocia", "start_year": -330, "end_year": 16 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " not invented yet" }, { "id": 312, "polity": { "id": 158, "name": "tr_konya_eca", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Chalcolithic", "start_year": -6000, "end_year": -5500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 313, "polity": { "id": 159, "name": "tr_konya_lca", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic", "start_year": -5500, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 314, "polity": { "id": 72, "name": "tr_east_roman_emp", "long_name": "East Roman Empire", "start_year": 395, "end_year": 631 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 315, "polity": { "id": 164, "name": "tr_hatti_new_k", "long_name": "Hatti - New Kingdom", "start_year": -1400, "end_year": -1180 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet." }, { "id": 316, "polity": { "id": 162, "name": "tr_hatti_old_k", "long_name": "Hatti - Old Kingdom", "start_year": -1650, "end_year": -1500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet." }, { "id": 317, "polity": { "id": 168, "name": "tr_lydia_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Lydia", "start_year": -670, "end_year": -546 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet." }, { "id": 318, "polity": { "id": 169, "name": "tr_lysimachus_k", "long_name": "Lysimachus Kingdom", "start_year": -323, "end_year": -281 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 319, "polity": { "id": 156, "name": "tr_konya_mnl", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -6600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 320, "polity": { "id": 155, "name": "tr_konya_enl", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Neolithic", "start_year": -9600, "end_year": -7000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 321, "polity": { "id": 157, "name": "tr_konya_lnl", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Neolithic", "start_year": -6600, "end_year": -6000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 322, "polity": { "id": 165, "name": "tr_neo_hittite_k", "long_name": "Neo-Hittite Kingdoms", "start_year": -1180, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 323, "polity": { "id": 173, "name": "tr_ottoman_emirate", "long_name": "Ottoman Emirate", "start_year": 1299, "end_year": 1402 }, "year_from": 1290, "year_to": 1387, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Possibly used at Karamania 1388 CE, Kosova 1389 CE and Nikopol 1396 CE.§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 18)§REF§" }, { "id": 324, "polity": { "id": 173, "name": "tr_ottoman_emirate", "long_name": "Ottoman Emirate", "start_year": 1299, "end_year": 1402 }, "year_from": 1388, "year_to": 1413, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": true, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Possibly used at Karamania 1388 CE, Kosova 1389 CE and Nikopol 1396 CE.§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 18)§REF§" }, { "id": 325, "polity": { "id": 173, "name": "tr_ottoman_emirate", "long_name": "Ottoman Emirate", "start_year": 1299, "end_year": 1402 }, "year_from": 1388, "year_to": 1413, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": true, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Possibly used at Karamania 1388 CE, Kosova 1389 CE and Nikopol 1396 CE.§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 18)§REF§" }, { "id": 326, "polity": { "id": 174, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_1", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire I", "start_year": 1402, "end_year": 1517 }, "year_from": 1402, "year_to": 1422, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Used at the Siege of Constantinople 1453 CE §REF§(Hodgson 1961, 560)§REF§ and an earlier siege of the city in 1422 CE, according to John Kananos. §REF§(Turnbull 2003, 31)§REF§ Possibly used at Karamania 1388 CE, Kosova 1389 CE and Nikopol 1396 CE.§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 18)§REF§ By 1420s CE Ottomans began to use cannon for sieges.§REF§(Imber 2002, 268) Imber, Colin. 2002. The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650. The Structure of Power. PalgraveMacmillan. Basingstoke.§REF§" }, { "id": 327, "polity": { "id": 174, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_1", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire I", "start_year": 1402, "end_year": 1517 }, "year_from": 1422, "year_to": 1517, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Used at the Siege of Constantinople 1453 CE §REF§(Hodgson 1961, 560)§REF§ and an earlier siege of the city in 1422 CE, according to John Kananos. §REF§(Turnbull 2003, 31)§REF§ Possibly used at Karamania 1388 CE, Kosova 1389 CE and Nikopol 1396 CE.§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 18)§REF§ By 1420s CE Ottomans began to use cannon for sieges.§REF§(Imber 2002, 268) Imber, Colin. 2002. The Ottoman Empire, 1300-1650. The Structure of Power. PalgraveMacmillan. Basingstoke.§REF§" }, { "id": 328, "polity": { "id": 175, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_2", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire II", "start_year": 1517, "end_year": 1683 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"War in the Balkans also brought the Ottomans up against the Hungarians, from whom they adopted the tabur field fortification of en with hand-guns in waggons chained together to protect primitive artillery.\"§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 7)§REF§" }, { "id": 329, "polity": { "id": 176, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_3", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire III", "start_year": 1683, "end_year": 1839 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"War in the Balkans also brought the Ottomans up against the Hungarians, from whom they adopted the tabur field fortification of en with hand-guns in waggons chained together to protect primitive artillery.\"§REF§(Nicolle 1983, 7)§REF§" }, { "id": 330, "polity": { "id": 166, "name": "tr_phrygian_k", "long_name": "Phrygian Kingdom", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -695 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 331, "polity": { "id": 71, "name": "tr_roman_dominate", "long_name": "Roman Empire - Dominate", "start_year": 285, "end_year": 394 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 332, "polity": { "id": 171, "name": "tr_rum_sultanate", "long_name": "Rum Sultanate", "start_year": 1077, "end_year": 1307 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 333, "polity": { "id": 167, "name": "tr_tabal_k", "long_name": "Tabal Kingdoms", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -730 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not invented yet" }, { "id": 334, "polity": { "id": 32, "name": "us_cahokia_1", "long_name": "Cahokia - Lohman-Stirling", "start_year": 1050, "end_year": 1199 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 335, "polity": { "id": 33, "name": "us_cahokia_2", "long_name": "Cahokia - Moorehead", "start_year": 1200, "end_year": 1275 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 336, "polity": { "id": 30, "name": "us_early_illinois_confederation", "long_name": "Early Illinois Confederation", "start_year": 1640, "end_year": 1717 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Sources only mention bows and arrows, muskets, war-clubs, knives, and hatchets§REF§Illinois State Museum, The Illinois, Technology: Weapons (2000), <a class=\"external free\" href=\"http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/nat_amer/post/htmls/te_houses.html\" rel=\"nofollow\">http://www.museum.state.il.us/muslink/nat_amer/post/htmls/te_houses.html</a>§REF§. It should be noted that sources that specifically describe the way the Illinois Confederation waged war are relatively rare." }, { "id": 337, "polity": { "id": 101, "name": "us_haudenosaunee_1", "long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early", "start_year": 1566, "end_year": 1713 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Wallace and Steen mention a cannon installed at the Onondaga council house: \"Three Onondaga villages were burned, twelve Indians were killed, thirtythree were taken prisoner, and considerable military equipment (including the cannon installed at the council-house) was taken or destroyed.\" §REF§Wallace, Anthony F. C., and Sheila K. Steen 1969. “Death And Rebirth Of The Seneca”, 141§REF§ But captured and traded cannons must have been the exception rather than the rule, especially prior to 1713." }, { "id": 338, "polity": { "id": 102, "name": "us_haudenosaunee_2", "long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late", "start_year": 1714, "end_year": 1848 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Wallace and Steen mention a cannon installed at the Onondaga council house: \"Three Onondaga villages were burned, twelve Indians were killed, thirtythree were taken prisoner, and considerable military equipment (including the cannon installed at the council-house) was taken or destroyed.\" §REF§Wallace, Anthony F. C., and Sheila K. Steen 1969. “Death And Rebirth Of The Seneca”, 141§REF§ But captured and traded cannons must have been the exception rather than the rule, especially prior to 1713." }, { "id": 339, "polity": { "id": 20, "name": "us_kamehameha_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Hawaii - Kamehameha Period", "start_year": 1778, "end_year": 1819 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " [For example, cannon, mortars.] Cannons were used in the naval battle of Kepūwaha’ula’ula§REF§Kirch, P. V. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley: University of California Press. Pg. 120.§REF§, as well as the defeat of the Maui forces at ‘Iao Valley. By 1802 Kamehameha had a large supply of cannons§REF§Kuykendall, Ralph S. 1968[1938]. The Hawaiian Kingdom, Volume 1: 1778-1854, Foundation and Transformation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. Pg. 48.§REF§" }, { "id": 340, "polity": { "id": 22, "name": "us_woodland_1", "long_name": "Cahokia - Early Woodland", "start_year": -600, "end_year": -150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 341, "polity": { "id": 34, "name": "us_emergent_mississippian_2", "long_name": "Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1049 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 342, "polity": { "id": 25, "name": "us_woodland_4", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland II", "start_year": 450, "end_year": 600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 343, "polity": { "id": 23, "name": "us_woodland_2", "long_name": "Cahokia - Middle Woodland", "start_year": -150, "end_year": 300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 344, "polity": { "id": 26, "name": "us_woodland_5", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland III", "start_year": 600, "end_year": 750 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 345, "polity": { "id": 24, "name": "us_woodland_3", "long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland I", "start_year": 300, "end_year": 450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 346, "polity": { "id": 28, "name": "us_cahokia_3", "long_name": "Cahokia - Sand Prairie", "start_year": 1275, "end_year": 1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 347, "polity": { "id": 27, "name": "us_emergent_mississippian_1", "long_name": "Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I", "start_year": 750, "end_year": 900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 348, "polity": { "id": 29, "name": "us_oneota", "long_name": "Oneota", "start_year": 1400, "end_year": 1650 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 349, "polity": { "id": 296, "name": "uz_chagatai_khanate", "long_name": "Chagatai Khanate", "start_year": 1227, "end_year": 1402 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 350, "polity": { "id": 469, "name": "uz_janid_dyn", "long_name": "Khanate of Bukhara", "start_year": 1599, "end_year": 1747 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " \"Probably as a result of defeat at the hands of the Safavids, the Uzbek chiefs acquired technicians who could cast guns. Between 1510 and 1540, the Ottomans aided the Uzbeks in manufacturing hand-held firearms that shot copper and iron balls. The Ottomans' strategy was to arm the Uzbeks as a counterweight to the Safavids.\"§REF§(Roy 2014, 47) Kaushik Roy. 2014. Military Transition in Early Modern Asia, 1400-1750: Cavalry, Guns, Government and Ships. Bloomsbury Academic. London.§REF§" } ] }