Gunpowder Siege Artillery List
A viewset for viewing and editing Gunpowder Siege Artilleries.
GET /api/wf/gunpowder-siege-artilleries/?format=api&page=6
{ "count": 362, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/gunpowder-siege-artilleries/?format=api&page=7", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/gunpowder-siege-artilleries/?format=api&page=5", "results": [ { "id": 251, "polity": { "id": 443, "name": "mn_mongol_late", "long_name": "Late Mongols", "start_year": 1368, "end_year": 1690 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " The last Yuan emperor Toghon Temur returned to Mongolia and established the capital of his new Mongol state (\"which extended from Manchuria to Kyrgystan\") at Karakorum. At that time the MilTech codes would be the same as for the preceding Yuan China. Over the next decades the state lost territory and there was civil war at the start of the 15th century although in 1409 CE they still managed to rout a very large invading Ming army. The Ming attacked again but the Mongols were not conquered. Under an Oirat noble called Esen (1440-1455 CE) they invaded China in 1449 CE with 20,000 cavalry and captured the Ming emperor. In 1451 CE Esen overthrew the Mongol Khan but he wasn't a direct descendent of Genghis Khan and was killed during a 1455 CE rebellion. His rule was followed by minor Khans who ruled a Mongolia in which the Khalkhas were one of three 'left-flank' tumens (in addition to Chahars and Uriangqais). The state also had 'right-flank' tumens (Ordos, Tumeds, Yunshebus) and the Oirats of western Mongolia. \"These 6 tumens were major administrative units, often called ulus tumens (princedoms), comprising the 40 lesser tumens of the military-administrative type inherited from the Yuan period, each of which was reputedly composed of 10,000 cavalry troops ...\"§REF§(Ishjamts 2003, 208-211) N Ishjamts. 2003. The Mongols. Chahryar Adle. Irfan Habib. Karl M Baipakov. eds. History Of Civilizations Of Central Asia. Volume V. Development in contrast: from the sixteenth to the mid-nineteenth century. UNESCO Publishing. Paris.§REF§ The narrative suggests at least for 1400 CE and 1500 CE the army was cavalry based and in continuity with the preceding Yuan. The Yuan Dyansty is coded present for gunpowder siege artillery. Likely to be present but will code this as suspected unknown since the army referenced refers to cavalry and cannons are not highly mobile." }, { "id": 252, "polity": { "id": 278, "name": "mn_rouran_khaganate", "long_name": "Rouran Khaganate", "start_year": 300, "end_year": 555 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not in use until much later." }, { "id": 253, "polity": { "id": 439, "name": "mn_shiwei", "long_name": "Shiwei", "start_year": 600, "end_year": 1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " not in use until much later" }, { "id": 254, "polity": { "id": 440, "name": "mn_turk_khaganate_2", "long_name": "Second Turk Khaganate", "start_year": 682, "end_year": 744 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " not in use until much later" }, { "id": 255, "polity": { "id": 286, "name": "mn_uygur_khaganate", "long_name": "Uigur Khaganate", "start_year": 745, "end_year": 840 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " not in use at this time" }, { "id": 256, "polity": { "id": 438, "name": "mn_xianbei", "long_name": "Xianbei Confederation", "start_year": 100, "end_year": 250 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not in use until much later" }, { "id": 257, "polity": { "id": 437, "name": "mn_hunnu_early", "long_name": "Early Xiongnu", "start_year": -1400, "end_year": -300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Gunpowder not in use at this time." }, { "id": 258, "polity": { "id": 274, "name": "mn_hunnu_late", "long_name": "Late Xiongnu", "start_year": -60, "end_year": 100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Gunpowder not in use by the Xiongnu at this time" }, { "id": 259, "polity": { "id": 272, "name": "mn_hunnu_emp", "long_name": "Xiongnu Imperial Confederation", "start_year": -209, "end_year": -60 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Gunpowder not in use by the Xiongnu at this time" }, { "id": 260, "polity": { "id": 444, "name": "mn_zungharian_emp", "long_name": "Zungharian Empire", "start_year": 1670, "end_year": 1757 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Because of their need of weaponry the Dzungar rulers opened iron, copper and silver mines and produced spears, shields, gunpowder, cannon, bullets and iron utensils.\" §REF§(Miyawaki et al 2003, 164)§REF§" }, { "id": 261, "polity": { "id": 224, "name": "mr_wagadu_3", "long_name": "Later Wagadu Empire", "start_year": 1078, "end_year": 1203 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 262, "polity": { "id": 216, "name": "mr_wagadu_2", "long_name": "Middle Wagadu Empire", "start_year": 700, "end_year": 1077 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 263, "polity": { "id": 525, "name": "mx_monte_alban_1_early", "long_name": "Early Monte Alban I", "start_year": -500, "end_year": -300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Gunpowder not yet invented." }, { "id": 264, "polity": { "id": 526, "name": "mx_monte_alban_1_late", "long_name": "Monte Alban Late I", "start_year": -300, "end_year": -100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Gunpowder not yet invented." }, { "id": 265, "polity": { "id": 527, "name": "mx_monte_alban_2", "long_name": "Monte Alban II", "start_year": -100, "end_year": 200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Gunpowder not yet invented." }, { "id": 266, "polity": { "id": 528, "name": "mx_monte_alban_3_a", "long_name": "Monte Alban III", "start_year": 200, "end_year": 500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Gunpowder not yet invented." }, { "id": 267, "polity": { "id": 529, "name": "mx_monte_alban_3_b_4", "long_name": "Monte Alban IIIB and IV", "start_year": 500, "end_year": 900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Gunpowder not yet invented or introduced." }, { "id": 268, "polity": { "id": 532, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5", "long_name": "Monte Alban V", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1520 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Complex military technology was not present in the Valley of Oaxaca until after the Spanish conquest in the 1520s.§REF§Marcus and Flannery (1996) Zapotec Civilization: How urban society evolved in Mexico’s Oaxaca Valley. Flannery and Marcus (1983) The Cloud People: divergent evolution of the Zapotec and Mixtec civilizations. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. Academic Press, New York.§REF§" }, { "id": 269, "polity": { "id": 10, "name": "mx_basin_of_mexico_5", "long_name": "Late Formative Basin of Mexico", "start_year": -400, "end_year": -101 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Gunpowder not yet invented or introduced." }, { "id": 270, "polity": { "id": 11, "name": "mx_basin_of_mexico_6", "long_name": "Terminal Formative Basin of Mexico", "start_year": -100, "end_year": 99 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Gunpowder not yet invented or introduced." }, { "id": 271, "polity": { "id": 524, "name": "mx_rosario", "long_name": "Oaxaca - Rosario", "start_year": -700, "end_year": -500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 272, "polity": { "id": 523, "name": "mx_san_jose", "long_name": "Oaxaca - San Jose", "start_year": -1150, "end_year": -700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 273, "polity": { "id": 522, "name": "mx_tierras_largas", "long_name": "Oaxaca - Tierras Largas", "start_year": -1400, "end_year": -1150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 274, "polity": { "id": 116, "name": "no_norway_k_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Norway II", "start_year": 1262, "end_year": 1396 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "§REF§Júlíusson and Kristissen, pers. comm. 2017§REF§" }, { "id": 275, "polity": { "id": 78, "name": "pe_cuzco_2", "long_name": "Cuzco - Early Intermediate I", "start_year": 200, "end_year": 499 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " There was no gunpowder before the arrival of the Spanish." }, { "id": 276, "polity": { "id": 79, "name": "pe_cuzco_3", "long_name": "Cuzco - Early Intermediate II", "start_year": 500, "end_year": 649 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " There was no gunpowder before the arrival of the Spanish." }, { "id": 277, "polity": { "id": 81, "name": "pe_cuzco_5", "long_name": "Cuzco - Late Intermediate I", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1250 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " There was no gunpowder before the arrival of the Spanish." }, { "id": 278, "polity": { "id": 82, "name": "pe_cuzco_6", "long_name": "Cuzco - Late Intermediate II", "start_year": 1250, "end_year": 1400 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " There was no gunpowder before the arrival of the Spanish." }, { "id": 279, "polity": { "id": 77, "name": "pe_cuzco_1", "long_name": "Cuzco - Late Formative", "start_year": -500, "end_year": 200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " There was no gunpowder before the arrival of the Spanish." }, { "id": 280, "polity": { "id": 83, "name": "pe_inca_emp", "long_name": "Inca Empire", "start_year": 1375, "end_year": 1532 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " There was no gunpowder before the arrival of the Spanish." }, { "id": 281, "polity": { "id": 80, "name": "pe_wari_emp", "long_name": "Wari Empire", "start_year": 650, "end_year": 999 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " There was no gunpowder before the arrival of the Spanish." }, { "id": 282, "polity": { "id": 445, "name": "pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial", "long_name": "Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial", "start_year": 1734, "end_year": 1883 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 283, "polity": { "id": 446, "name": "pg_orokaiva_colonial", "long_name": "Orokaiva - Colonial", "start_year": 1884, "end_year": 1942 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 284, "polity": { "id": 117, "name": "pk_kachi_enl", "long_name": "Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic", "start_year": -7500, "end_year": -5500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred as occurred later §REF§( DeVries, Kelly. \"cannon\" In The Oxford Companion to Military History. : Oxford University Press, 2001. ).§REF§" }, { "id": 285, "polity": { "id": 118, "name": "pk_kachi_lnl", "long_name": "Kachi Plain - Ceramic Neolithic", "start_year": -5500, "end_year": -4000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred as occurred later §REF§( DeVries, Kelly. \"cannon\" In The Oxford Companion to Military History. : Oxford University Press, 2001. ).§REF§" }, { "id": 286, "polity": { "id": 119, "name": "pk_kachi_ca", "long_name": "Kachi Plain - Chalcolithic", "start_year": -4000, "end_year": -3200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred as occurred later §REF§( DeVries, Kelly. \"cannon\" In The Oxford Companion to Military History. : Oxford University Press, 2001. ).§REF§" }, { "id": 287, "polity": { "id": 126, "name": "pk_indo_greek_k", "long_name": "Indo-Greek Kingdom", "start_year": -180, "end_year": -10 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred as came later in history. §REF§DeVries, Kelly. \"cannon\" In The Oxford Companion to Military History. : Oxford University Press, 2001.§REF§" }, { "id": 288, "polity": { "id": 123, "name": "pk_kachi_post_urban", "long_name": "Kachi Plain - Post-Urban Period", "start_year": -1800, "end_year": -1300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "There is no evidence for gunpowder at Pirak. §REF§Jarrige, J-F. (1979) Fouilles de Pirak. Paris : Diffusion de Boccard.§REF§" }, { "id": 289, "polity": { "id": 120, "name": "pk_kachi_pre_urban", "long_name": "Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period", "start_year": -3200, "end_year": -2500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred as occurred later §REF§( DeVries, Kelly. \"cannon\" In The Oxford Companion to Military History. : Oxford University Press, 2001. ).§REF§" }, { "id": 290, "polity": { "id": 124, "name": "pk_kachi_proto_historic", "long_name": "Kachi Plain - Proto-Historic Period", "start_year": -1300, "end_year": -500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 291, "polity": { "id": 133, "name": "pk_sind_abbasid_fatimid", "long_name": "Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period", "start_year": 854, "end_year": 1193 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"But it was only in the mid-fourteenth century that gunpowder ... was introduced into India, presumably by Mongols or Turks. This was then used in various explosive devices by the army.\"§REF§(Eraly 2015) Abraham Eraly. 2015. The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate. Penguin.§REF§" }, { "id": 292, "polity": { "id": 136, "name": "pk_samma_dyn", "long_name": "Sind - Samma Dynasty", "start_year": 1335, "end_year": 1521 }, "year_from": 1335, "year_to": 1399, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"it was only in the mid-fourteenth century that gunpowder ... was introduced into India, presumably by Mongols or Turks. This was then used in various explosive devices by the army.\"§REF§(Eraly 2015) Abraham Eraly. 2015. The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate. Penguin.§REF§ From second half of 15th century.§REF§Iqtidar Alam Khan, Early Use of Cannon and Musket in India: A.D. 1442-1526, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 24, No. 2, May, 1981: 146-164.§REF§ <i>Does the 'From the second half of 15th century' reference which I found on the Delhi Sultanate sheet refer to both artillery and handguns, or does it contradict the first use of gunpowder? What did the source say, specifically?</i>" }, { "id": 293, "polity": { "id": 136, "name": "pk_samma_dyn", "long_name": "Sind - Samma Dynasty", "start_year": 1335, "end_year": 1521 }, "year_from": 1400, "year_to": 1449, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " \"it was only in the mid-fourteenth century that gunpowder ... was introduced into India, presumably by Mongols or Turks. This was then used in various explosive devices by the army.\"§REF§(Eraly 2015) Abraham Eraly. 2015. The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate. Penguin.§REF§ From second half of 15th century.§REF§Iqtidar Alam Khan, Early Use of Cannon and Musket in India: A.D. 1442-1526, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 24, No. 2, May, 1981: 146-164.§REF§ <i>Does the 'From the second half of 15th century' reference which I found on the Delhi Sultanate sheet refer to both artillery and handguns, or does it contradict the first use of gunpowder? What did the source say, specifically?</i>" }, { "id": 294, "polity": { "id": 136, "name": "pk_samma_dyn", "long_name": "Sind - Samma Dynasty", "start_year": 1335, "end_year": 1521 }, "year_from": 1450, "year_to": 1521, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"it was only in the mid-fourteenth century that gunpowder ... was introduced into India, presumably by Mongols or Turks. This was then used in various explosive devices by the army.\"§REF§(Eraly 2015) Abraham Eraly. 2015. The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate. Penguin.§REF§ From second half of 15th century.§REF§Iqtidar Alam Khan, Early Use of Cannon and Musket in India: A.D. 1442-1526, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 24, No. 2, May, 1981: 146-164.§REF§ <i>Does the 'From the second half of 15th century' reference which I found on the Delhi Sultanate sheet refer to both artillery and handguns, or does it contradict the first use of gunpowder? What did the source say, specifically?</i>" }, { "id": 295, "polity": { "id": 121, "name": "pk_kachi_urban_1", "long_name": "Kachi Plain - Urban Period I", "start_year": -2500, "end_year": -2100 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Nausharo was a pre-modern settlement." }, { "id": 296, "polity": { "id": 122, "name": "pk_kachi_urban_2", "long_name": "Kachi Plain - Urban Period II", "start_year": -2100, "end_year": -1800 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Nausharo was a pre-modern settlement." }, { "id": 297, "polity": { "id": 194, "name": "ru_sakha_early", "long_name": "Sakha - Early", "start_year": 1400, "end_year": 1632 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " not mentioned in any of the sources that deal with weapons and armor" }, { "id": 298, "polity": { "id": 195, "name": "ru_sakha_late", "long_name": "Sakha - Late", "start_year": 1632, "end_year": 1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " not mentioned in any of the sources that deal with weapons and armor" }, { "id": 299, "polity": { "id": 521, "name": "eg_kushite", "long_name": "Egypt - Kushite Period", "start_year": -747, "end_year": -656 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " not yet developed" }, { "id": 300, "polity": { "id": 131, "name": "sy_umayyad_cal", "long_name": "Umayyad Caliphate", "start_year": 661, "end_year": 750 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not in use untill the 14th century. §REF§( Bailey, Jonathan B. A. \"cannon.\" In The Oxford Companion to Military History. : Oxford University Press, 2001.§REF§" } ] }