Gunpowder Siege Artillery List
A viewset for viewing and editing Gunpowder Siege Artilleries.
GET /api/wf/gunpowder-siege-artilleries/?format=api&page=3
{ "count": 362, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/gunpowder-siege-artilleries/?format=api&page=4", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/gunpowder-siege-artilleries/?format=api&page=2", "results": [ { "id": 101, "polity": { "id": 153, "name": "id_iban_1", "long_name": "Iban - Pre-Brooke", "start_year": 1650, "end_year": 1841 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " In the colonial period, war leaders occasionally captured cannons from European troops: \"Dana specialized in raids along the coast toward Pontianak, and was probably the leader of the 1834 attack on “Slaku” described by Earl. It was on one of his voyages into Dutch territory that he captured the one-trunnioned iron cannon which became famous during the Sadok campaign of 1861.\" §REF§Pringle 1968, 84§REF§ \"This time the Sarawak force dragged a small mortar up the mountain with them, but despite the high expectations of the friendly Ibans this weapon had little effect on Rentap's well protected position. “Bring all your fire guns from Europe,” the rebels jeered, “we are not afraid of you.” They added injury to insult by replying effectively with a cannon of their own, probably one captured in 1853 at the time of Alan Lee's death.\" §REF§Pringle 1968, 179§REF§ \"It was on one of these expeditions that he captured the famous one-trunnioned iron cannon, ‘Bujang Timpang Berang’ which can still be seen in the old fort at Betong, Saribas.\" §REF§Sandin 1967, 76§REF§ \"On August 7, 1844, boats from the Dido and the East India Company Steamer Phlegethon stormed Sahap's stronghold, located a few miles below the later Second Division headquarters at Simanggang. The English forces captured fifty-six brass guns and over a ton of gunpowder.\" §REF§Pringle 1968, 123§REF§ Cannons were absent prior to colonial incursions." }, { "id": 102, "polity": { "id": 154, "name": "id_iban_2", "long_name": "Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial", "start_year": 1841, "end_year": 1987 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Dana specialized in raids along the coast toward Pontianak, and was probably the leader of the 1834 attack on “Slaku” described by Earl. It was on one of his voyages into Dutch territory that he captured the one-trunnioned iron cannon which became famous during the Sadok campaign of 1861.§REF§Pringle 1968, 84§REF§ This time the Sarawak force dragged a small mortar up the mountain with them, but despite the high expectations of the friendly Ibans this weapon had little effect on Rentap's well protected position. “Bring all your fire guns from Europe,” the rebels jeered, “we are not afraid of you.” They added injury to insult by replying effectively with a cannon of their own, probably one captured in 1853 at the time of Alan Lee's death. §REF§Pringle 1968, 179§REF§. It was on one of these expeditions that he captured the famous one-trunnioned iron cannon, ‘Bujang Timpang Berang’ which can still be seen in the old fort at Betong, Saribas. §REF§Sandin 1967, 76§REF§ On August 7, 1844, boats from the Dido and the East India Company Steamer Phlegethon stormed Sahap's stronghold, located a few miles below the later Second Division headquarters at Simanggang. The English forces captured fifty-six brass guns and over a ton of gunpowder §REF§Pringle 1968, 123§REF§" }, { "id": 103, "polity": { "id": 46, "name": "id_buni", "long_name": "Java - Buni Culture", "start_year": -400, "end_year": 500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 104, "polity": { "id": 47, "name": "id_kalingga_k", "long_name": "Kalingga Kingdom", "start_year": 500, "end_year": 732 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 105, "polity": { "id": 49, "name": "id_kediri_k", "long_name": "Kediri Kingdom", "start_year": 1049, "end_year": 1222 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Cannon was not used in siege warfare until the seventeenth century. §REF§(Charney 2004, 93)§REF§" }, { "id": 106, "polity": { "id": 50, "name": "id_majapahit_k", "long_name": "Majapahit Kingdom", "start_year": 1292, "end_year": 1518 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Cannon was not used in siege warfare until the seventeenth century. §REF§(Charney 2004, 93)§REF§" }, { "id": 107, "polity": { "id": 51, "name": "id_mataram_k", "long_name": "Mataram Sultanate", "start_year": 1568, "end_year": 1755 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Cannon are present, but were not specifically used in siege warfare until the Mataram laid siege to Batavia. §REF§(Charney 2004, 93)§REF§ At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the Javanese began to cast their own muskets, bases, and cannons, though according to Dutch observers in 1622, they were extremely bad at handling cannon and muskets.§REF§(Schrieke 1957, 122)§REF§" }, { "id": 108, "polity": { "id": 48, "name": "id_medang_k", "long_name": "Medang Kingdom", "start_year": 732, "end_year": 1019 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Cannon was not used in siege warfare until the seventeenth century. §REF§(Charney 2004, 93)§REF§" }, { "id": 109, "polity": { "id": 103, "name": "il_canaan", "long_name": "Canaan", "start_year": -2000, "end_year": -1175 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 110, "polity": { "id": 110, "name": "il_judea", "long_name": "Yehuda", "start_year": -141, "end_year": -63 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 111, "polity": { "id": 105, "name": "il_yisrael", "long_name": "Yisrael", "start_year": -1030, "end_year": -722 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 112, "polity": { "id": 416, "name": "in_ayodhya_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Ayodhya", "start_year": -64, "end_year": 34 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 113, "polity": { "id": 92, "name": "in_badami_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Badami", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 753 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 114, "polity": { "id": 94, "name": "in_kalyani_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Kalyani", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1189 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"The age of Turkish rule in India can be divided into two periods, the Afghan period from the 1200s to the 1500s and the Mughal period from the 1500s to the 1800s. Firearms arrived in India during the Afghan period and began to change the conduct of warfare in the Mughal period.\" §REF§(Chase 2003, p. 129)§REF§" }, { "id": 115, "polity": { "id": 86, "name": "in_deccan_ia", "long_name": "Deccan - Iron Age", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 116, "polity": { "id": 88, "name": "in_post_mauryan_k", "long_name": "Post-Mauryan Kingdoms", "start_year": -205, "end_year": -101 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 117, "polity": { "id": 85, "name": "in_deccan_nl", "long_name": "Deccan - Neolithic", "start_year": -2700, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 118, "polity": { "id": 135, "name": "in_delhi_sultanate", "long_name": "Delhi Sultanate", "start_year": 1206, "end_year": 1526 }, "year_from": 1206, "year_to": 1399, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " From second half of 15th century §REF§Iqtidar Alam Khan, Early Use of Cannon and Musket in India: A.D. 1442-1526, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 24, No. 2, May, 1981: 146-164.§REF§ <i>Does the 'From the second half of 15th century' reference refer to both artillery and handguns, or does it contradict the first use of gunpowder? What did the source say, specifically?</i> \"it was only in the mid-fourteenth century that gunpowder ... was introduced into India, presumably by Mongols or Turks. This was then used in various explosive devices by the army.\"§REF§(Eraly 2015) Abraham Eraly. 2015. The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate. Penguin.§REF§" }, { "id": 119, "polity": { "id": 135, "name": "in_delhi_sultanate", "long_name": "Delhi Sultanate", "start_year": 1206, "end_year": 1526 }, "year_from": 1400, "year_to": 1449, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " From second half of 15th century §REF§Iqtidar Alam Khan, Early Use of Cannon and Musket in India: A.D. 1442-1526, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 24, No. 2, May, 1981: 146-164.§REF§ <i>Does the 'From the second half of 15th century' reference refer to both artillery and handguns, or does it contradict the first use of gunpowder? What did the source say, specifically?</i> \"it was only in the mid-fourteenth century that gunpowder ... was introduced into India, presumably by Mongols or Turks. This was then used in various explosive devices by the army.\"§REF§(Eraly 2015) Abraham Eraly. 2015. The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate. Penguin.§REF§" }, { "id": 120, "polity": { "id": 135, "name": "in_delhi_sultanate", "long_name": "Delhi Sultanate", "start_year": 1206, "end_year": 1526 }, "year_from": 1450, "year_to": 1526, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " From second half of 15th century §REF§Iqtidar Alam Khan, Early Use of Cannon and Musket in India: A.D. 1442-1526, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient, Vol. 24, No. 2, May, 1981: 146-164.§REF§ <i>Does the 'From the second half of 15th century' reference refer to both artillery and handguns, or does it contradict the first use of gunpowder? What did the source say, specifically?</i> \"it was only in the mid-fourteenth century that gunpowder ... was introduced into India, presumably by Mongols or Turks. This was then used in various explosive devices by the army.\"§REF§(Eraly 2015) Abraham Eraly. 2015. The Age of Wrath: A History of the Delhi Sultanate. Penguin.§REF§" }, { "id": 121, "polity": { "id": 111, "name": "in_achik_1", "long_name": "Early A'chik", "start_year": 1775, "end_year": 1867 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 122, "polity": { "id": 112, "name": "in_achik_2", "long_name": "Late A'chik", "start_year": 1867, "end_year": 1956 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 123, "polity": { "id": 405, "name": "in_gahadavala_dyn", "long_name": "Gahadavala Dynasty", "start_year": 1085, "end_year": 1193 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 124, "polity": { "id": 388, "name": "in_gupta_emp", "long_name": "Gupta Empire", "start_year": 320, "end_year": 550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 125, "polity": { "id": 418, "name": "in_gurjara_pratihara_dyn", "long_name": "Gurjar-Pratihara Dynasty", "start_year": 730, "end_year": 1030 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 126, "polity": { "id": 95, "name": "in_hoysala_k", "long_name": "Hoysala Kingdom", "start_year": 1108, "end_year": 1346 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Unknown: temple reliefs, the main source for information on Hoysala warfare, \"provide no information, however, on how forts were attacked.\" §REF§(Sardar 2007, p. 32§REF§" }, { "id": 127, "polity": { "id": 91, "name": "in_kadamba_emp", "long_name": "Kadamba Empire", "start_year": 345, "end_year": 550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 128, "polity": { "id": 96, "name": "in_kampili_k", "long_name": "Kampili Kingdom", "start_year": 1280, "end_year": 1327 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 129, "polity": { "id": 390, "name": "in_magadha_k", "long_name": "Magadha", "start_year": 450, "end_year": 605 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 130, "polity": { "id": 384, "name": "in_mahajanapada", "long_name": "Mahajanapada era", "start_year": -600, "end_year": -324 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Introduced later. §REF§DeVries, Kelly. \"cannon\" In The Oxford Companion to Military History. : Oxford University Press, 2001.§REF§" }, { "id": 131, "polity": { "id": 87, "name": "in_mauryan_emp", "long_name": "Magadha - Maurya Empire", "start_year": -324, "end_year": -187 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred as came later in history. §REF§DeVries, Kelly. \"cannon\" In The Oxford Companion to Military History. : Oxford University Press, 2001.§REF§" }, { "id": 132, "polity": { "id": 98, "name": "in_mughal_emp", "long_name": "Mughal Empire", "start_year": 1526, "end_year": 1858 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " e.g. used by Akbar during siege of Chittor. §REF§J.J.L. Gommans, Mughal Warfare: Indian Frontiers and Highroads to Empire 1500 1700. London: Routledge, 2002, p.158.§REF§" }, { "id": 133, "polity": { "id": 93, "name": "in_rashtrakuta_emp", "long_name": "Rashtrakuta Empire", "start_year": 753, "end_year": 973 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"The age of Turkish rule in India can be divided into two periods, the Afghan period from the 1200s to the 1500s and the Mughal period from the 1500s to the 1800s. Firearms arrived in India during the Afghan period and began to change the conduct of warfare in the Mughal period.\" §REF§(Chase 2003, p. 129)§REF§" }, { "id": 134, "polity": { "id": 89, "name": "in_satavahana_emp", "long_name": "Satavahana Empire", "start_year": -100, "end_year": 200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 135, "polity": { "id": 90, "name": "in_vakataka_k", "long_name": "Vakataka Kingdom", "start_year": 255, "end_year": 550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 136, "polity": { "id": 97, "name": "in_vijayanagara_emp", "long_name": "Vijayanagara Empire", "start_year": 1336, "end_year": 1646 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Although the Raya had a corps of musqueteers in his army, and several cannon which he employed in his wars, the artillery did not play an important part in the battles.\" §REF§(Ramayanna 1986, p. 129)§REF§" }, { "id": 137, "polity": { "id": 132, "name": "iq_abbasid_cal_1", "long_name": "Abbasid Caliphate I", "start_year": 750, "end_year": 946 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not in use until the 14th century. §REF§(Bailey, Jonathan B. A. \"cannon.\" In The Oxford Companion to Military History. : Oxford University Press, 2001.§REF§" }, { "id": 138, "polity": { "id": 484, "name": "iq_abbasid_cal_2", "long_name": "Abbasid Caliphate II", "start_year": 1191, "end_year": 1258 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 139, "polity": { "id": 476, "name": "iq_akkad_emp", "long_name": "Akkadian Empire", "start_year": -2270, "end_year": -2083 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The gunpowder was invented around 9th century AD, but the gunpowder artillery was in use since Middle Age. §REF§Needham 1987, 266.§REF§" }, { "id": 140, "polity": { "id": 479, "name": "iq_babylonia_1", "long_name": "Amorite Babylonia", "start_year": -2000, "end_year": -1600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The gunpower was invented around 9th century AD, but the gunpowder artillery was in use since Middle Age. §REF§Needham, J. 1987. <i>Science & Civilisation in China, volume 7: The Gunpowder Epic</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 266.§REF§" }, { "id": 141, "polity": { "id": 481, "name": "iq_bazi_dyn", "long_name": "Bazi Dynasty", "start_year": -1005, "end_year": -986 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 142, "polity": { "id": 482, "name": "iq_dynasty_e", "long_name": "Dynasty of E", "start_year": -979, "end_year": -732 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 143, "polity": { "id": 475, "name": "iq_early_dynastic", "long_name": "Early Dynastic", "start_year": -2900, "end_year": -2500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The gunpowder was invented around 9th century AD, but the gunpowder artillery was in use since Middle Age. §REF§Needham 1987, 266.§REF§" }, { "id": 144, "polity": { "id": 480, "name": "iq_isin_dynasty2", "long_name": "Second Dynasty of Isin", "start_year": -1153, "end_year": -1027 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 145, "polity": { "id": 478, "name": "iq_isin_larsa", "long_name": "Isin-Larsa", "start_year": -2004, "end_year": -1763 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 146, "polity": { "id": 106, "name": "iq_neo_assyrian_emp", "long_name": "Neo-Assyrian Empire", "start_year": -911, "end_year": -612 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 147, "polity": { "id": 346, "name": "iq_neo_babylonian_emp", "long_name": "Neo-Babylonian Empire", "start_year": -626, "end_year": -539 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 148, "polity": { "id": 473, "name": "iq_ubaid", "long_name": "Ubaid", "start_year": -5500, "end_year": -4000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The gunpowder was invented around 9th century AD, but the gunpowder artillery was in use since Middle Age. §REF§Needham 1987, 266.§REF§" }, { "id": 149, "polity": { "id": 477, "name": "iq_ur_dyn_3", "long_name": "Ur - Dynasty III", "start_year": -2112, "end_year": -2004 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The gunpowder was invented around 9th century AD, but the gunpowder artillery was in use since Middle Age. §REF§Needham 1987, 266.§REF§" }, { "id": 150, "polity": { "id": 474, "name": "iq_uruk", "long_name": "Uruk", "start_year": -4000, "end_year": -2900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Gunpowder_siege_artillery", "gunpowder_siege_artillery": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The gunpowder was invented around 9th century AD, but the gunpowder artillery was in use since Middle Age. §REF§Needham 1987, 266.§REF§" } ] }