Elephant List
A viewset for viewing and editing Elephants.
GET /api/wf/elephants/?format=api&page=2
{ "count": 344, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/elephants/?format=api&page=3", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/elephants/?format=api", "results": [ { "id": 51, "polity": { "id": 456, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_3", "long_name": "Proto-Carolingian", "start_year": 687, "end_year": 751 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "Not discussed in consulted literature RA." }, { "id": 52, "polity": { "id": 306, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Middle Merovingian", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 687 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "Not discussed in consulted literature RA." }, { "id": 53, "polity": { "id": 453, "name": "fr_la_tene_a_b1", "long_name": "La Tene A-B1", "start_year": -475, "end_year": -325 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "Not mentioned in the literature." }, { "id": 54, "polity": { "id": 454, "name": "fr_la_tene_b2_c1", "long_name": "La Tene B2-C1", "start_year": -325, "end_year": -175 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned in the literature." }, { "id": 55, "polity": { "id": 455, "name": "fr_la_tene_c2_d", "long_name": "La Tene C2-D", "start_year": -175, "end_year": -27 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "Not mentioned in the literature RA." }, { "id": 56, "polity": { "id": 333, "name": "fr_valois_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Valois", "start_year": 1328, "end_year": 1450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 57, "polity": { "id": 459, "name": "fr_valois_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Valois", "start_year": 1450, "end_year": 1589 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 58, "polity": { "id": 786, "name": "gb_british_emp_2", "long_name": "British Empire II", "start_year": 1850, "end_year": 1968 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"As these campaigns placed a premium upon careful logistical preparations, Victorian commanders and their staffs became adept at calculating their supply, transport, and support arrangements. They repeatedly had to cope with difficulties of transportation, especially the variable quality of animals procured and the poor standards of animal husbandry in the field. They often had to procure vast numbers of animals (in Zululand, Lord Chelmsford ultimately employed 27,000 oxen and 5,000 mules to haul over 2,5000 vehicles), and had to adapt their transport to local circumstances. They employed bullock carts, elephants, and camels in India, waggons drawn by oxen and mules in southern Africa, bearers in west Africa, boats in Perak, and pack-animals in mountains and across roadless country.\"§REF§(Spiers 1996, 198) Edward Spiers. The Late Victorian Army 1868-1914. David G Chandler. Ian Beckett. eds. 1996. The Oxford History of the British Army. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§ Rifled-breech loaders \"were soon transferred to elephants ... to form an improvised, and the first RA mountain battery\".§REF§(Barthorp 1988, 12) Michael Barthorp. 1988. The British Army on Campaign. 1856-1881. Osprey Publishing Ltd.§REF§" }, { "id": 59, "polity": { "id": 114, "name": "gh_ashanti_emp", "long_name": "Ashanti Empire", "start_year": 1701, "end_year": 1895 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The sources establish no connection between domesticated animals and warfare logistics." }, { "id": 60, "polity": { "id": 67, "name": "gr_crete_archaic", "long_name": "Archaic Crete", "start_year": -710, "end_year": -500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 61, "polity": { "id": 68, "name": "gr_crete_classical", "long_name": "Classical Crete", "start_year": -500, "end_year": -323 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 62, "polity": { "id": 74, "name": "gr_crete_emirate", "long_name": "The Emirate of Crete", "start_year": 824, "end_year": 961 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 63, "polity": { "id": 65, "name": "gr_crete_post_palace_2", "long_name": "Final Postpalatial Crete", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 64, "polity": { "id": 66, "name": "gr_crete_geometric", "long_name": "Geometric Crete", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -710 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 65, "polity": { "id": 69, "name": "gr_crete_hellenistic", "long_name": "Hellenistic Crete", "start_year": -323, "end_year": -69 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 66, "polity": { "id": 63, "name": "gr_crete_mono_palace", "long_name": "Monopalatial Crete", "start_year": -1450, "end_year": -1300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 67, "polity": { "id": 59, "name": "gr_crete_nl", "long_name": "Neolithic Crete", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 68, "polity": { "id": 62, "name": "gr_crete_new_palace", "long_name": "New Palace Crete", "start_year": -1700, "end_year": -1450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 69, "polity": { "id": 61, "name": "gr_crete_old_palace", "long_name": "Old Palace Crete", "start_year": -1900, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 70, "polity": { "id": 64, "name": "gr_crete_post_palace_1", "long_name": "Postpalatial Crete", "start_year": -1300, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 71, "polity": { "id": 60, "name": "gr_crete_pre_palace", "long_name": "Prepalatial Crete", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 72, "polity": { "id": 17, "name": "us_hawaii_1", "long_name": "Hawaii I", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " No elephants in Hawaii at this time." }, { "id": 73, "polity": { "id": 18, "name": "us_hawaii_2", "long_name": "Hawaii II", "start_year": 1200, "end_year": 1580 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " No elephants in Hawaii at this time." }, { "id": 74, "polity": { "id": 19, "name": "us_hawaii_3", "long_name": "Hawaii III", "start_year": 1580, "end_year": 1778 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " No elephants in Hawaii at this time." }, { "id": 75, "polity": { "id": 153, "name": "id_iban_1", "long_name": "Iban - Pre-Brooke", "start_year": 1650, "end_year": 1841 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 76, "polity": { "id": 154, "name": "id_iban_2", "long_name": "Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial", "start_year": 1841, "end_year": 1987 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 77, "polity": { "id": 46, "name": "id_buni", "long_name": "Java - Buni Culture", "start_year": -400, "end_year": 500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Java has a native species of elephant." }, { "id": 78, "polity": { "id": 47, "name": "id_kalingga_k", "long_name": "Kalingga Kingdom", "start_year": 500, "end_year": 732 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Java has a native species of elephant." }, { "id": 79, "polity": { "id": 49, "name": "id_kediri_k", "long_name": "Kediri Kingdom", "start_year": 1049, "end_year": 1222 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§(Sedwayati in Ooi 2004 (b), 707)§REF§" }, { "id": 80, "polity": { "id": 50, "name": "id_majapahit_k", "long_name": "Majapahit Kingdom", "start_year": 1292, "end_year": 1518 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Elephants were used in warfare. §REF§(Gaukroger and Scott 2009, 134)§REF§ Their riders were called maliman. §REF§(Hall 2000, 65)§REF§" }, { "id": 81, "polity": { "id": 51, "name": "id_mataram_k", "long_name": "Mataram Sultanate", "start_year": 1568, "end_year": 1755 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Over the course of the Mataram era, elephants were increasingly used to meet the increasing transportation demands of gunpowder. §REF§(Charney 2004, 132)§REF§" }, { "id": 82, "polity": { "id": 48, "name": "id_medang_k", "long_name": "Medang Kingdom", "start_year": 732, "end_year": 1019 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Elephants were used in warfare. §REF§(Gaukroger and Scott 2009, 134)§REF§ Their riders were called maliman. §REF§(Hall 2000, 65)§REF§" }, { "id": 83, "polity": { "id": 103, "name": "il_canaan", "long_name": "Canaan", "start_year": -2000, "end_year": -1175 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 84, "polity": { "id": 110, "name": "il_judea", "long_name": "Yehuda", "start_year": -141, "end_year": -63 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 85, "polity": { "id": 105, "name": "il_yisrael", "long_name": "Yisrael", "start_year": -1030, "end_year": -722 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 86, "polity": { "id": 416, "name": "in_ayodhya_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Ayodhya", "start_year": -64, "end_year": 34 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"On a pillar of the Amravati Tope, 300 years later than that at Sanchi, is portrayed the scene thus described. ... part of the army is seen defending the walls of the citadel, and armed with straight and scythed-shaped swords, long spears, and long bows. In front the infantry is advancing, and the rear is brought up by horsemen and elephants. There are no chariots at Sanchi, but this is probably owing to some local peculiarity.\"§REF§(Egerton 2002, 13) Wilbraham Egerton. 2002 (1880). Indian and Oriental Arms and Armour. Dover Publications, Inc. Mineola.§REF§ <i>300 years later than the Bhilsa Tope monuments so possibly referring to 200 CE.</i>" }, { "id": 87, "polity": { "id": 92, "name": "in_badami_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Badami", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 753 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "present", "comment": null, "description": "§REF§H.V. Sreenivasa Murthy and R. Ramakrishnan, A History of Karnataka (1978), p. 75§REF§ \"The Chalukyan army no doubt consisted of infantry, cavalry, chariots and elephants, besides the naval unit.\"§REF§(Dikshit 1980, 263) Durga Prasad Dikshit. 1980. Political History of the Chalukyas of Badami. Abhinav Publications. New Delhi.§REF§ \"In the classical age, Indian armies were still organized, as they had been a thousand years earlier, into four divisions: infantry, cavalry, chariots and elephants.\"§REF§(Eraly 2011, 163) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§" }, { "id": 88, "polity": { "id": 94, "name": "in_kalyani_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Kalyani", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1189 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "present", "comment": null, "description": " There was an officer in charge of cavalry and elephants, the <i>kari-turaga (patta-)sahini</i>. §REF§K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, The Chalukyas of Kalyani, in G. Yazdan (ed), The Early History of the Deccan (1960), p. 391§REF§ \"In the classical age, Indian armies were still organized, as they had been a thousand years earlier, into four divisions: infantry, cavalry, chariots and elephants.\"§REF§(Eraly 2011, 163) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§ \"But there can be little doubt that war-elephants were not used in the same numbers under the Islamic dynasties of India as they were in the early medieval period and before. We have seen that the Arabic sources described the most important ninth- and tenth-century Hindu dynasties as equipped with tens of thousands or more elephants of various kinds. Although it is unlikely that these numbers indicated war-elephants in a state of readiness - they probably included the guessed number of untamed and half-tamed ones -, and although some of the figures are contradictory, they are larger than those of later times.\"§REF§(Wink 1997, 102-103) Andre Wink. 1997. Al-Hind. The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Volume II. The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest 11th-13th Centuries. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§" }, { "id": 89, "polity": { "id": 86, "name": "in_deccan_ia", "long_name": "Deccan - Iron Age", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -300 }, "year_from": -1200, "year_to": -1000, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " According to Pliny the Elder, the Satavahana army, in the early first millennium CE, included 1,000 elephants. §REF§U. Singh, A History of Ancient and Medieval India (2008), p. 382§REF§ Buddhist texts suggest \"Indians had become skilled in taming and training elephants\" by the early first millennium BCE.\"§REF§(Eraly 2011, 165) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§ Potent force by the fourth century BCE.§REF§(Eraly 2011, 165) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§" }, { "id": 90, "polity": { "id": 86, "name": "in_deccan_ia", "long_name": "Deccan - Iron Age", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -300 }, "year_from": -999, "year_to": -700, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": true, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "present", "comment": null, "description": " According to Pliny the Elder, the Satavahana army, in the early first millennium CE, included 1,000 elephants. §REF§U. Singh, A History of Ancient and Medieval India (2008), p. 382§REF§ Buddhist texts suggest \"Indians had become skilled in taming and training elephants\" by the early first millennium BCE.\"§REF§(Eraly 2011, 165) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§ Potent force by the fourth century BCE.§REF§(Eraly 2011, 165) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§" }, { "id": 91, "polity": { "id": 86, "name": "in_deccan_ia", "long_name": "Deccan - Iron Age", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -300 }, "year_from": -999, "year_to": -700, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": true, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " According to Pliny the Elder, the Satavahana army, in the early first millennium CE, included 1,000 elephants. §REF§U. Singh, A History of Ancient and Medieval India (2008), p. 382§REF§ Buddhist texts suggest \"Indians had become skilled in taming and training elephants\" by the early first millennium BCE.\"§REF§(Eraly 2011, 165) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§ Potent force by the fourth century BCE.§REF§(Eraly 2011, 165) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§" }, { "id": 92, "polity": { "id": 86, "name": "in_deccan_ia", "long_name": "Deccan - Iron Age", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -300 }, "year_from": -699, "year_to": -300, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "present", "comment": null, "description": " According to Pliny the Elder, the Satavahana army, in the early first millennium CE, included 1,000 elephants. §REF§U. Singh, A History of Ancient and Medieval India (2008), p. 382§REF§ Buddhist texts suggest \"Indians had become skilled in taming and training elephants\" by the early first millennium BCE.\"§REF§(Eraly 2011, 165) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§ Potent force by the fourth century BCE.§REF§(Eraly 2011, 165) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§" }, { "id": 93, "polity": { "id": 88, "name": "in_post_mauryan_k", "long_name": "Post-Mauryan Kingdoms", "start_year": -205, "end_year": -101 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "present", "comment": null, "description": " According to Pliny the Elder, the Satavahana army, in the period following this one, included 1,000 elephants. §REF§U. Singh, A History of Ancient and Medieval India (2008), p. 382§REF§ \"In the classical age, Indian armies were still organized, as they had been a thousand years earlier, into four divisions: infantry, cavalry, chariots and elephants.\"§REF§(Eraly 2011, 163) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§ <i>1000 years earlier than the classical age would have included this period.</i> Buddhist texts suggest \"Indians had become skilled in taming and training elephants\" by the early first millennium BCE.\"§REF§(Eraly 2011, 165) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§ Potent force by the fourth century BCE.§REF§(Eraly 2011, 165) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§" }, { "id": 94, "polity": { "id": 85, "name": "in_deccan_nl", "long_name": "Deccan - Neolithic", "start_year": -2700, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Buddhist texts suggest \"Indians had become skilled in taming and training elephants\" by the early first millennium BCE.\"§REF§(Eraly 2011, 165) Abraham Eraly. 2011. The First Spring: The Golden Age of India. Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi.§REF§" }, { "id": 95, "polity": { "id": 135, "name": "in_delhi_sultanate", "long_name": "Delhi Sultanate", "start_year": 1206, "end_year": 1526 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Elephants were the preferred animal of war in India, partly because of a lack of success in breeding horses.§REF§Asher, C.B and Talbot, C. 2006. India before Europe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p28.§REF§ The importance of elephants is shown when, for example, in 1309 the ruler Ala-ud-din went on campaign to Southern India 'in order to seize elephants and treasures from the rulers of the south' (as written in the chronicle Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi).§REF§Kulke, H., & Rothermund, D. (2010). A History of India (Revised, Updated Edition, pp. 120.§REF§ \"But there can be little doubt that war-elephants were not used in the same numbers under the Islamic dynasties of India as they were in the early medieval period and before. We have seen that the Arabic sources described the most important ninth- and tenth-century Hindu dynasties as equipped with tens of thousands or more elephants of various kinds. Although it is unlikely that these numbers indicated war-elephants in a state of readiness - they probably included the guessed number of untamed and half-tamed ones -, and although some of the figures are contradictory, they are larger than those of later times.\"§REF§(Wink 1997, 102-103) Andre Wink. 1997. Al-Hind. The Making of the Indo-Islamic World. Volume II. The Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest 11th-13th Centuries. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§" }, { "id": 96, "polity": { "id": 415, "name": "in_ganga_ca", "long_name": "Chalcolithic Middle Ganga", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -601 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Sources do not mention elephant remains in descriptions of relevant archaeological contexts." }, { "id": 97, "polity": { "id": 414, "name": "in_ganga_nl", "long_name": "Neolithic Middle Ganga", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -3001 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Sources do not mention elephant remains in descriptions of relevant archaeological contexts." }, { "id": 98, "polity": { "id": 111, "name": "in_achik_1", "long_name": "Early A'chik", "start_year": 1775, "end_year": 1867 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 99, "polity": { "id": 112, "name": "in_achik_2", "long_name": "Late A'chik", "start_year": 1867, "end_year": 1956 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 100, "polity": { "id": 405, "name": "in_gahadavala_dyn", "long_name": "Gahadavala Dynasty", "start_year": 1085, "end_year": 1193 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Elephant", "elephant": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"Moreover, the villages were also impotant as the feed the elephants and the horses, which were an integral part of the military warfare machinery, used to come from them.\"§REF§(Yadav 2011: 360-361) Yadav, D. 2011. ASPECTS OF RURAL SETTLEMENT UNDER THE GAHAAVALA DYNASTY: C. 11 TH CENTURY CE TO 13 TH CENTURY CE (AN INSCRIPTIONAL ANALYSIS). Proceedings of the Indian History Congress , 2011, Vol. 72, PART-I (2011), pp. 360-367. Seshat URL: https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F8STV588/library§REF§" } ] }