Donkey List
A viewset for viewing and editing Donkeys.
GET /api/wf/donkeys/?format=api&page=2
{ "count": 354, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/donkeys/?format=api&page=3", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/donkeys/?format=api", "results": [ { "id": 51, "polity": { "id": 200, "name": "eg_thebes_libyan", "long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period", "start_year": -1069, "end_year": -747 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 52, "polity": { "id": 361, "name": "eg_thulunid_ikhshidid", "long_name": "Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period", "start_year": 868, "end_year": 969 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Donkeys were used in a logistical capacity. §REF§(Kennedy, Hugh. The Armies of the Caliphs: Military and Society in the Early Islamic State. London; New York: Routledge, 2001. Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/SGPPFNAZ/q/kennedy\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/SGPPFNAZ/q/kennedy</a>)§REF§" }, { "id": 53, "polity": { "id": 84, "name": "es_spanish_emp_1", "long_name": "Spanish Empire I", "start_year": 1516, "end_year": 1715 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Used for military transportation §REF§(Bradley 2009, 56) Bradley, Peter T. 2009. <i>Spain and the Defense of Peru: Royal Reluctance and Colonial Self-Reliance.</i> Lulu.com. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/VFMNE6JR\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/VFMNE6JR</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 54, "polity": { "id": 57, "name": "fm_truk_1", "long_name": "Chuuk - Early Truk", "start_year": 1775, "end_year": 1886 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not native to region." }, { "id": 55, "polity": { "id": 58, "name": "fm_truk_2", "long_name": "Chuuk - Late Truk", "start_year": 1886, "end_year": 1948 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not native to region." }, { "id": 56, "polity": { "id": 448, "name": "fr_atlantic_complex", "long_name": "Atlantic Complex", "start_year": -2200, "end_year": -1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "Not mentioned in the literature." }, { "id": 57, "polity": { "id": 447, "name": "fr_beaker_eba", "long_name": "Beaker Culture", "start_year": -3200, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned in the literature." }, { "id": 58, "polity": { "id": 460, "name": "fr_bourbon_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Bourbon", "start_year": 1589, "end_year": 1660 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 59, "polity": { "id": 461, "name": "fr_bourbon_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Bourbon", "start_year": 1660, "end_year": 1815 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 60, "polity": { "id": 457, "name": "fr_capetian_k_1", "long_name": "Proto-French Kingdom", "start_year": 987, "end_year": 1150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 61, "polity": { "id": 458, "name": "fr_capetian_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Capetian", "start_year": 1150, "end_year": 1328 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 62, "polity": { "id": 309, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_1", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire I", "start_year": 752, "end_year": 840 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " David Baker says present.§REF§David Baker. Personal communication to Seshat Databank.§REF§" }, { "id": 63, "polity": { "id": 311, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire II", "start_year": 840, "end_year": 987 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " David Baker says present.§REF§David Baker. Personal communication to Seshat Databank.§REF§" }, { "id": 64, "polity": { "id": 449, "name": "fr_hallstatt_a_b1", "long_name": "Hallstatt A-B1", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned in the literature." }, { "id": 65, "polity": { "id": 450, "name": "fr_hallstatt_b2_3", "long_name": "Hallstatt B2-3", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned in the literature." }, { "id": 66, "polity": { "id": 451, "name": "fr_hallstatt_c", "long_name": "Hallstatt C", "start_year": -700, "end_year": -600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned in the literature.'" }, { "id": 67, "polity": { "id": 452, "name": "fr_hallstatt_d", "long_name": "Hallstatt D", "start_year": -600, "end_year": -475 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned in the literature.'" }, { "id": 68, "polity": { "id": 304, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_1", "long_name": "Early Merovingian", "start_year": 481, "end_year": 543 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " This source suggests donkeys were introduced sometime in the Celtic period: \"There seems no trace of the use of donkeys and mules before contact with the Italian peninsula.\"§REF§(Ellis 1998, 109) Peter Berresford Ellis. 1998. The ancient world of the Celts. Constable.§REF§" }, { "id": 69, "polity": { "id": 456, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_3", "long_name": "Proto-Carolingian", "start_year": 687, "end_year": 751 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " This source suggests donkeys were introduced sometime in the Celtic period: \"There seems no trace of the use of donkeys and mules before contact with the Italian peninsula.\"§REF§(Ellis 1998, 109) Peter Berresford Ellis. 1998. The ancient world of the Celts. Constable.§REF§" }, { "id": 70, "polity": { "id": 306, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Middle Merovingian", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 687 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " This source suggests donkeys were introduced sometime in the Celtic period: \"There seems no trace of the use of donkeys and mules before contact with the Italian peninsula.\"§REF§(Ellis 1998, 109) Peter Berresford Ellis. 1998. The ancient world of the Celts. Constable.§REF§" }, { "id": 71, "polity": { "id": 453, "name": "fr_la_tene_a_b1", "long_name": "La Tene A-B1", "start_year": -475, "end_year": -325 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " \"There seems no trace of the use of donkeys and mules before contact with the Italian peninsula.\"§REF§(Ellis 1998, 109) Peter Berresford Ellis. 1998. The ancient world of the Celts. Constable.§REF§ <i>Does this source say when this contact considered to have begun? My guess of the meaning is the Roman invasion but I don't know the context the sentence was written in.</i>" }, { "id": 72, "polity": { "id": 454, "name": "fr_la_tene_b2_c1", "long_name": "La Tene B2-C1", "start_year": -325, "end_year": -175 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"There seems no trace of the use of donkeys and mules before contact with the Italian peninsula.\"§REF§(Ellis 1998, 109) Peter Berresford Ellis. 1998. The ancient world of the Celts. Constable.§REF§" }, { "id": 73, "polity": { "id": 455, "name": "fr_la_tene_c2_d", "long_name": "La Tene C2-D", "start_year": -175, "end_year": -27 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " \"There seems no trace of the use of donkeys and mules before contact with the Italian peninsula.\"§REF§(Ellis 1998, 109) Peter Berresford Ellis. 1998. The ancient world of the Celts. Constable.§REF§ <i>Does this source say when this contact considered to have begun? My guess of the meaning is the Roman invasion but I don't know the context the sentence was written in.</i>" }, { "id": 74, "polity": { "id": 333, "name": "fr_valois_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Valois", "start_year": 1328, "end_year": 1450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 75, "polity": { "id": 459, "name": "fr_valois_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Valois", "start_year": 1450, "end_year": 1589 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 76, "polity": { "id": 786, "name": "gb_british_emp_2", "long_name": "British Empire II", "start_year": 1850, "end_year": 1968 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"As these campaigns placed a premium upon careful logistical preparations, Victorian commanders and their staffs became adept at calculating their supply, transport, and support arrangements. They repeatedly had to cope with difficulties of transportation, especially the variable quality of animals procured and the poor standards of animal husbandry in the field. They often had to procure vast numbers of animals (in Zululand, Lord Chelmsford ultimately employed 27,000 oxen and 5,000 mules to haul over 2,5000 vehicles), and had to adapt their transport to local circumstances. They employed bullock carts, elephants, and camels in India, waggons drawn by oxen and mules in southern Africa, bearers in west Africa, boats in Perak, and pack-animals in mountains and across roadless country.\"§REF§(Spiers 1996, 198) Edward Spiers. The Late Victorian Army 1868-1914. David G Chandler. Ian Beckett. eds. 1996. The Oxford History of the British Army. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§ At the Battle of Omdurman of the Second Sudan War 1898 CE General Kitchener had \"2,469 horses, 896 mules, 3,524 camels, and 229 donkeys.\"§REF§(Spiers 1996, 206) Edward Spiers. The Late Victorian Army 1868-1914. David G Chandler. Ian Beckett. eds. 1996. The Oxford History of the British Army. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 77, "polity": { "id": 114, "name": "gh_ashanti_emp", "long_name": "Ashanti Empire", "start_year": 1701, "end_year": 1895 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The sources establish no connection between domesticated animals and warfare logistics." }, { "id": 78, "polity": { "id": 67, "name": "gr_crete_archaic", "long_name": "Archaic Crete", "start_year": -710, "end_year": -500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§Everson, T. 2004. <i>Warfare in Ancient Greece: Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great</i>, Sutton.§REF§" }, { "id": 79, "polity": { "id": 68, "name": "gr_crete_classical", "long_name": "Classical Crete", "start_year": -500, "end_year": -323 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§Everson, T. 2004. <i>Warfare in Ancient Greece: Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great</i>, Sutton.§REF§" }, { "id": 80, "polity": { "id": 66, "name": "gr_crete_geometric", "long_name": "Geometric Crete", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -710 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 81, "polity": { "id": 69, "name": "gr_crete_hellenistic", "long_name": "Hellenistic Crete", "start_year": -323, "end_year": -69 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§Everson, T. 2004. <i>Warfare in Ancient Greece: Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great</i>, Sutton.§REF§" }, { "id": 82, "polity": { "id": 61, "name": "gr_crete_old_palace", "long_name": "Old Palace Crete", "start_year": -1900, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 83, "polity": { "id": 60, "name": "gr_crete_pre_palace", "long_name": "Prepalatial Crete", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 84, "polity": { "id": 17, "name": "us_hawaii_1", "long_name": "Hawaii I", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " No donkeys in Hawaii at this time." }, { "id": 85, "polity": { "id": 18, "name": "us_hawaii_2", "long_name": "Hawaii II", "start_year": 1200, "end_year": 1580 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " No donkeys in Hawaii at this time." }, { "id": 86, "polity": { "id": 19, "name": "us_hawaii_3", "long_name": "Hawaii III", "start_year": 1580, "end_year": 1778 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " No donkeys in Hawaii at this time." }, { "id": 87, "polity": { "id": 153, "name": "id_iban_1", "long_name": "Iban - Pre-Brooke", "start_year": 1650, "end_year": 1841 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 88, "polity": { "id": 154, "name": "id_iban_2", "long_name": "Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial", "start_year": 1841, "end_year": 1987 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 89, "polity": { "id": 46, "name": "id_buni", "long_name": "Java - Buni Culture", "start_year": -400, "end_year": 500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The donkey was probably domesticated from the African wild ass 'in more than one place' but for the Nubian subspecies 5500-4500 BCE in the Sudan.§REF§(Mitchell 2018, 39) Peter Mitchell 2018. The Donkey in Human History: An Archaeological Perspective. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§ It could only have reached the island of Java by sea. There is no evidence that this occurred at this time." }, { "id": 90, "polity": { "id": 47, "name": "id_kalingga_k", "long_name": "Kalingga Kingdom", "start_year": 500, "end_year": 732 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The donkey was probably domesticated from the African wild ass 'in more than one place' but for the Nubian subspecies 5500-4500 BCE in the Sudan.§REF§(Mitchell 2018, 39) Peter Mitchell 2018. The Donkey in Human History: An Archaeological Perspective. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§ It could only have reached the island of Java by sea. There is no evidence that this occurred at this time." }, { "id": 91, "polity": { "id": 49, "name": "id_kediri_k", "long_name": "Kediri Kingdom", "start_year": 1049, "end_year": 1222 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not specified in list of animals used in warfare. §REF§(Hall 2000, 65)§REF§" }, { "id": 92, "polity": { "id": 50, "name": "id_majapahit_k", "long_name": "Majapahit Kingdom", "start_year": 1292, "end_year": 1518 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not specified in list of animals used in warfare §REF§(Hall 2000, 65)§REF§" }, { "id": 93, "polity": { "id": 51, "name": "id_mataram_k", "long_name": "Mataram Sultanate", "start_year": 1568, "end_year": 1755 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not specified in list of animals used in warfare §REF§(Hall 2000, 65)§REF§" }, { "id": 94, "polity": { "id": 48, "name": "id_medang_k", "long_name": "Medang Kingdom", "start_year": 732, "end_year": 1019 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not specified in list of animals used in warfare. §REF§(Hall 2000, 65)§REF§" }, { "id": 95, "polity": { "id": 103, "name": "il_canaan", "long_name": "Canaan", "start_year": -2000, "end_year": -1175 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"We speak about <i>equids</i>, since often the bones do not offer precise identification of species.\"§REF§Kletter/Levi (2016:9).§REF§ However, donkeys had been common in the region for millennia, and at the very least would have been used to carry supplies. At an archaeological dig near Motza, near Jerusalem: \"In addition to signs of life, the archaeologists uncovered several graves. According to Davis, in the midst of a layer dating to 10,000 years ago, archaeologists found a tomb from 4,000 years ago. “In this tomb are two individuals - warriors - who were buried together with a dagger and a spear head,” she said. “There’s also an amazing find,” said Davis, “which is a whole donkey, domesticated, that was buried in front of the tomb probably when they sealed it.” Added Vardi, the donkey was apparently meant to serve the warriors in the world to come.\"§REF§Amanda Borschel-Dan. 16th July 2019. A ‘game changer’: Vast, developed 9,000-year-old settlement found near Jerusalem. Times of Israel. Site accessed: 20th August 2019. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.timesofisrael.com/vast-and-developed-9000-year-old-settlement-uncovered-near-jerusalem\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.timesofisrael.com/vast-and-developed-9000-year-old-settlement-uncovered-near-jerusalem</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 96, "polity": { "id": 110, "name": "il_judea", "long_name": "Yehuda", "start_year": -141, "end_year": -63 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " A typical pack animal of the region." }, { "id": 97, "polity": { "id": 105, "name": "il_yisrael", "long_name": "Yisrael", "start_year": -1030, "end_year": -722 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Donkeys had been common in the region for millennia, and at the very least would have been used to carry supplies." }, { "id": 98, "polity": { "id": 416, "name": "in_ayodhya_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Ayodhya", "start_year": -64, "end_year": 34 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " In ancient India the buffalo, bullock, yak, goat, camel, elephant, horse, ass and the mule were all used for transport§REF§(Mishra 1987, 83) Kamal Kishore Mishra. 1987. Police Administration in Ancient India. Mittal Publications. Delhi.§REF§§REF§Prakash Charan Prasad. 1977. Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. New Delhi.§REF§ in different regions according to local conditions.§REF§Prakash Charan Prasad. 1977. Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. New Delhi.§REF§" }, { "id": 99, "polity": { "id": 92, "name": "in_badami_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Badami", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 753 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " In ancient India the buffalo, bullock, yak, goat, camel, elephant, horse, ass and the mule were all used for transport§REF§(Mishra 1987, 83) Kamal Kishore Mishra. 1987. Police Administration in Ancient India. Mittal Publications. Delhi.§REF§§REF§Prakash Charan Prasad. 1977. Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. New Delhi.§REF§ in different regions according to local conditions.§REF§Prakash Charan Prasad. 1977. Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. New Delhi.§REF§" }, { "id": 100, "polity": { "id": 94, "name": "in_kalyani_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Kalyani", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1189 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Donkey", "donkey": "present", "comment": null, "description": " In ancient India the buffalo, bullock, yak, goat, camel, elephant, horse, ass and the mule were all used for transport§REF§(Mishra 1987, 83) Kamal Kishore Mishra. 1987. Police Administration in Ancient India. Mittal Publications. Delhi.§REF§§REF§Prakash Charan Prasad. 1977. Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. New Delhi.§REF§ in different regions according to local conditions.§REF§Prakash Charan Prasad. 1977. Foreign Trade and Commerce in Ancient India. Abhinav Publications. New Delhi.§REF§" } ] }