Composite Bow List
A viewset for viewing and editing Composite Bows.
GET /api/wf/composite-bows/?format=api&page=2
{ "count": 369, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/composite-bows/?format=api&page=3", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/composite-bows/?format=api", "results": [ { "id": 51, "polity": { "id": 517, "name": "eg_old_k_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Late Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2350, "end_year": -2150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"Composite bows are known from both Mesopotamia and the Great Steppe from the III millennium BCE.\"§REF§Sergey A Nefedov, RAN Institute of History and Archaeology, Yekaterinburg, Russia. Personal Communication to Peter Turchin. January 2018.§REF§ \"The composite bows spread into Palestine around 1800 BCE and were introduced into Egypt by the Hyksos in 1700 BCE.\"§REF§(Roy 2015, 20) Kaushik Roy. 2015. Warfare in Pre-British India - 1500 BCE to 1740 CE. Routledge. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 52, "polity": { "id": 109, "name": "eg_ptolemaic_k_1", "long_name": "Ptolemaic Kingdom I", "start_year": -305, "end_year": -217 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"In western Asia, [the self bow] was replaced by the composite bow. In Egypt, the self-bow continued to be widely used, especially by Nubian troops.\"§REF§(Morkot 2010: 50) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/AHFJE5Z2\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/AHFJE5Z2</a>.§REF§ Used to attack elephants and their drivers (bow type not specified).§REF§(Lloyd 2000, 395)§REF§ Cretan archers §REF§(Fischer-Bovet 2014, 135-138)§REF§" }, { "id": 53, "polity": { "id": 207, "name": "eg_ptolemaic_k_2", "long_name": "Ptolemaic Kingdom II", "start_year": -217, "end_year": -30 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"In western Asia, [the self bow] was replaced by the composite bow. In Egypt, the self-bow continued to be widely used, especially by Nubian troops.\"§REF§(Morkot 2010: 50) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/AHFJE5Z2\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/AHFJE5Z2</a>.§REF§ Used to attack elephants and their drivers (bow type not specified).§REF§(Lloyd 2000, 395)§REF§ Cretan archers §REF§(Fischer-Bovet 2014, 135-138)§REF§" }, { "id": 54, "polity": { "id": 518, "name": "eg_regions", "long_name": "Egypt - Period of the Regions", "start_year": -2150, "end_year": -2016 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"Composite bows are known from both Mesopotamia and the Great Steppe from the III millennium BCE.\"§REF§Sergey A Nefedov, RAN Institute of History and Archaeology, Yekaterinburg, Russia. Personal Communication to Peter Turchin. January 2018.§REF§ \"The composite bows spread into Palestine around 1800 BCE and were introduced into Egypt by the Hyksos in 1700 BCE.\"§REF§(Roy 2015, 20) Kaushik Roy. 2015. Warfare in Pre-British India - 1500 BCE to 1740 CE. Routledge. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 55, "polity": { "id": 203, "name": "eg_saite", "long_name": "Egypt - Saite Period", "start_year": -664, "end_year": -525 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"The composite bows spread into Palestine around 1800 BCE and were introduced into Egypt by the Hyksos in 1700 BCE.\"§REF§(Roy 2015: 20) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/UDN2ZHFD\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/UDN2ZHFD</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 56, "polity": { "id": 520, "name": "eg_thebes_hyksos", "long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period", "start_year": -1720, "end_year": -1567 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Composite bows are known from both Mesopotamia and the Great Steppe from the III millennium BCE.\"§REF§Sergey A Nefedov, RAN Institute of History and Archaeology, Yekaterinburg, Russia. Personal Communication to Peter Turchin. January 2018.§REF§ \"The composite bows spread into Palestine around 1800 BCE and were introduced into Egypt by the Hyksos in 1700 BCE.\"§REF§(Roy 2015, 20) Kaushik Roy. 2015. Warfare in Pre-British India - 1500 BCE to 1740 CE. Routledge. London.§REF§ Composite bows in the Old Akkadian style. §REF§(Booth 2005, 37)§REF§" }, { "id": 57, "polity": { "id": 200, "name": "eg_thebes_libyan", "long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period", "start_year": -1069, "end_year": -747 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 58, "polity": { "id": 361, "name": "eg_thulunid_ikhshidid", "long_name": "Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period", "start_year": 868, "end_year": 969 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Present for Abbasid Caliphate: present: 820 CE Inferred, compound bows being used in this period in the region.§REF§Kennedy, the Armies of the Caliphs pp. 178§REF§§REF§Kennedy, the Armies of the Caliphs pp. 178§REF§" }, { "id": 59, "polity": { "id": 84, "name": "es_spanish_emp_1", "long_name": "Spanish Empire I", "start_year": 1516, "end_year": 1715 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred from the absence of composite bows in previous and subsequent polities in Cuzco." }, { "id": 60, "polity": { "id": 57, "name": "fm_truk_1", "long_name": "Chuuk - Early Truk", "start_year": 1775, "end_year": 1886 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned in the literature." }, { "id": 61, "polity": { "id": 58, "name": "fm_truk_2", "long_name": "Chuuk - Late Truk", "start_year": 1886, "end_year": 1948 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned in the literature." }, { "id": 62, "polity": { "id": 448, "name": "fr_atlantic_complex", "long_name": "Atlantic Complex", "start_year": -2200, "end_year": -1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "Not mentioned in the literature." }, { "id": 63, "polity": { "id": 447, "name": "fr_beaker_eba", "long_name": "Beaker Culture", "start_year": -3200, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned in the literature." }, { "id": 64, "polity": { "id": 460, "name": "fr_bourbon_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Bourbon", "start_year": 1589, "end_year": 1660 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " <i>Lances, swords, crossbowmen, longbows, pikemen were of central importance on the battlefield for at least 200 years after the first guns until the Battle of Carignola (1503 CE) which was probably decided by guns and Marignano (1515 CE) when Swiss squares were beaten by cavalry shooting pistols and cannon artillery.§REF§(Nolan 2006, 367) Cathal J Nolan. 2006. The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000-1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization. Volume 1 A - K. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§ The first Bourbon era 1589-1660 CE is firmly after the transition to firearm dominance so at this time the old weapons must have played only a minor role in warfare or had been completely abandoned.</i>" }, { "id": 65, "polity": { "id": 461, "name": "fr_bourbon_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Bourbon", "start_year": 1660, "end_year": 1815 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "§REF§(Parrott 2012, 62) David Parrott. Armed Forces. William Doyle. ed. 2012. The Oxford Handbook of the Ancien Régime. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 66, "polity": { "id": 457, "name": "fr_capetian_k_1", "long_name": "Proto-French Kingdom", "start_year": 987, "end_year": 1150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Composite bows.§REF§(De Vries 1995, 114)§REF§ Designated unit in army from 11th century §REF§(De Vries 1995, 114)§REF§" }, { "id": 67, "polity": { "id": 458, "name": "fr_capetian_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Capetian", "start_year": 1150, "end_year": 1328 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Composite bows.§REF§(De Vries 1995, 114)§REF§ Designated unit in army from 11th century §REF§(De Vries 1995, 114)§REF§ Designated unit in army from 11th century §REF§(De Vries 1995, 114)§REF§" }, { "id": 68, "polity": { "id": 309, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_1", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire I", "start_year": 752, "end_year": 840 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"The bow was first used by the Franks in the 4th century but did not become a required arm of the Frankish infantry until the time of Charlemagne. These early archers generally were equipped with a short bow of simple wood construction. But in the following centuries bows were improved by the addition of horn, sinew, and glue in a composite construction complete with angled ears to give more pull to the bowstring.\" §REF§(De Vries in Kibler et al 1995, 114)§REF§" }, { "id": 69, "polity": { "id": 311, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire II", "start_year": 840, "end_year": 987 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"The bow was first used by the Franks in the 4th century but did not become a required arm of the Frankish infantry until the time of Charlemagne. These early archers generally were equipped with a short bow of simple wood construction. But in the following centuries bows were improved by the addition of horn, sinew, and glue in a composite construction complete with angled ears to give more pull to the bowstring.\" §REF§(De Vries in Kibler et al 1995, 114)§REF§" }, { "id": 70, "polity": { "id": 449, "name": "fr_hallstatt_a_b1", "long_name": "Hallstatt A-B1", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred from previous and succeeding (quasi)polities." }, { "id": 71, "polity": { "id": 450, "name": "fr_hallstatt_b2_3", "long_name": "Hallstatt B2-3", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "Inferred from the absence of composite bows in past and future polities in Paris Basin" }, { "id": 72, "polity": { "id": 451, "name": "fr_hallstatt_c", "long_name": "Hallstatt C", "start_year": -700, "end_year": -600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred from the absence of composite bows in past and future polities in Paris Basin" }, { "id": 73, "polity": { "id": 452, "name": "fr_hallstatt_d", "long_name": "Hallstatt D", "start_year": -600, "end_year": -475 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred from the absence of composite bows in past and future polities in Paris Basin" }, { "id": 74, "polity": { "id": 304, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_1", "long_name": "Early Merovingian", "start_year": 481, "end_year": 543 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "Not discussed in consulted literature RA." }, { "id": 75, "polity": { "id": 456, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_3", "long_name": "Proto-Carolingian", "start_year": 687, "end_year": 751 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Merovingians and Carolingians used a \"short, simple bow\" which was \"gradually replaced, beginning in the ninth century, by the composite bow.\" §REF§(Frassetto 2003, 366) Frassetto, M. 2003. Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation. ABC CLIO§REF§" }, { "id": 76, "polity": { "id": 306, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Middle Merovingian", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 687 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Merovingians and Carolingians used a \"short, simple bow\" which was \"gradually replaced, beginning in the ninth century, by the composite bow.\" §REF§(Frassetto 2003, 366) Frassetto, M. 2003. Encyclopedia of Barbarian Europe: Society in Transformation. ABC CLIO§REF§" }, { "id": 77, "polity": { "id": 453, "name": "fr_la_tene_a_b1", "long_name": "La Tene A-B1", "start_year": -475, "end_year": -325 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "Not mentioned in the literature." }, { "id": 78, "polity": { "id": 454, "name": "fr_la_tene_b2_c1", "long_name": "La Tene B2-C1", "start_year": -325, "end_year": -175 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned in the literature." }, { "id": 79, "polity": { "id": 455, "name": "fr_la_tene_c2_d", "long_name": "La Tene C2-D", "start_year": -175, "end_year": -27 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned in the literature RA." }, { "id": 80, "polity": { "id": 333, "name": "fr_valois_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Valois", "start_year": 1328, "end_year": 1450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"The rise of crossbows lead to the virtual disappearance of the simple bows as war weapons in France and no hand bows are recorded in surviving castle inventories from 1230 to the mid-14th century.\"§REF§(Nicolle 1991, 11-12) David Nicolle. 1991. French Medieval Armies 1000-1300. Osprey Publishing Ltd. London.§REF§ With the influx of crossbows, the use of short bows died out in French armies, and by the 13th century they were not considered a weapon of war§REF§(De Vries 1995, 114) W W Kibler. G A Zinn. 1995. Medieval France: An Encyclopedia. Routledge.§REF§ Longbowmen and mounted archers hired as mercenaries. §REF§(De Vries 1995, 114) W W Kibler. G A Zinn. 1995. Medieval France: An Encyclopedia. Routledge.§REF§" }, { "id": 81, "polity": { "id": 459, "name": "fr_valois_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Valois", "start_year": 1450, "end_year": 1589 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " \"With the influx of crossbows, the use of short bows died out in French armies, and by the 13th century they were not considered a weapon of war in most parts of Europe. However, they did persist as hunting weapons. During the late Middle Ages, the crossbow dominated the archery of the French army, although some French military leaders attempted to hire groups of short - and longbowmen from Scotland and mounted archers from Spain and Italy.\" §REF§(De Vries in Kibler 1995, 114)§REF§ Archers from Brittany - simple bow? §REF§(Potter 2008, 72)§REF§" }, { "id": 82, "polity": { "id": 786, "name": "gb_british_emp_2", "long_name": "British Empire II", "start_year": 1850, "end_year": 1968 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Present according to Donagh Davis (2019).§REF§Donagh Davis. 2019. Personal Communication to Seshat Databank§REF§" }, { "id": 83, "polity": { "id": 113, "name": "gh_akan", "long_name": "Akan - Pre-Ashanti", "start_year": 1501, "end_year": 1701 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " no mention in sources; does not make sense for time period" }, { "id": 84, "polity": { "id": 114, "name": "gh_ashanti_emp", "long_name": "Ashanti Empire", "start_year": 1701, "end_year": 1895 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " The sources indicate the use of bows and arrows prior and parallel to the use of firearms but do not indicate whether self bows or composite bows were used." }, { "id": 85, "polity": { "id": 67, "name": "gr_crete_archaic", "long_name": "Archaic Crete", "start_year": -710, "end_year": -500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§Everson, T. 2004. <i>Warfare in Ancient Greece: Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great</i>, Sutton.§REF§" }, { "id": 86, "polity": { "id": 68, "name": "gr_crete_classical", "long_name": "Classical Crete", "start_year": -500, "end_year": -323 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§Everson, T. 2004. <i>Warfare in Ancient Greece: Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great</i>, Sutton.§REF§ Cretans were famous archers.§REF§Fischer-Bovet. 2014, <i>Army and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt</i>, Cambridge 135-138.§REF§" }, { "id": 87, "polity": { "id": 74, "name": "gr_crete_emirate", "long_name": "The Emirate of Crete", "start_year": 824, "end_year": 961 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": "§REF§Κόλλιας, Τ., <i>Τεχνολογία και Πόλεμος στο Βυζάντιο</i>, 2005§REF§ §REF§Mc Geer, E., <i>Sowing the Dragon</i>s Teeth: Byzantine Warfare in the Tenth Century<i>, Washington D.C., 1995.</i>§REF§" }, { "id": 88, "polity": { "id": 65, "name": "gr_crete_post_palace_2", "long_name": "Final Postpalatial Crete", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 89, "polity": { "id": 66, "name": "gr_crete_geometric", "long_name": "Geometric Crete", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -710 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 90, "polity": { "id": 69, "name": "gr_crete_hellenistic", "long_name": "Hellenistic Crete", "start_year": -323, "end_year": -69 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§Everson, T. 2004. <i>Warfare in Ancient Greece: Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great</i>, Sutton.§REF§ Cretans were famous archers.§REF§Fischer-Bovet. 2014, <i>Army and Society in Ptolemaic Egypt</i>, Cambridge 135-138.§REF§" }, { "id": 91, "polity": { "id": 63, "name": "gr_crete_mono_palace", "long_name": "Monopalatial Crete", "start_year": -1450, "end_year": -1300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Although bows were not preserved, representational evidence and arrowheads suggest that this offensive weapon was widely used. The earliest arrowheads were made of flint band obsidian while bronze ones started appeared during the 15th century BCE.§REF§Georganas,I. \"Weapons and warfare,\" in Cline, E. (ed.), <i>The Oxford Handbook of the Bronze Age Aegean (ca. 3000-1000 BC)</i>, Oxford, 308§REF§ About 110 bronze arrowheads were found at Knossos while a single tablet from the Knossian archive records 8,640 arrowheads. §REF§Ventris, M. and Chawick, J. 1973. <i>Documents in Mycenaean Greek</i>, Cambridge, 361.§REF§ The charred remains of two wooden boxes containing carbonized arrow-shafts and arrow-heads were found in the \"Armoury\" of the palace at Knossos. §REF§Evans, A.1935. <i>The Palace of Minos at Knossos</i>, IV, 617, 836-40.§REF§" }, { "id": 92, "polity": { "id": 59, "name": "gr_crete_nl", "long_name": "Neolithic Crete", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 93, "polity": { "id": 61, "name": "gr_crete_old_palace", "long_name": "Old Palace Crete", "start_year": -1900, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 94, "polity": { "id": 64, "name": "gr_crete_post_palace_1", "long_name": "Postpalatial Crete", "start_year": -1300, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 95, "polity": { "id": 60, "name": "gr_crete_pre_palace", "long_name": "Prepalatial Crete", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 96, "polity": { "id": 17, "name": "us_hawaii_1", "long_name": "Hawaii I", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " It is unlikely these were used, as later in Hawaiian prehistory bows and arrows were used only for sport, not for war§REF§Kirch, P. V. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley: University of California Press. Pg. 70.§REF§. Moreover it is implausible that a weapon as complex as a compound bow would be invented but then abandoned, leaving no archaeological trace." }, { "id": 97, "polity": { "id": 18, "name": "us_hawaii_2", "long_name": "Hawaii II", "start_year": 1200, "end_year": 1580 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " It is unlikely these were used, as later in Hawaiian prehistory bows and arrows were used only for sport, not for war§REF§Kirch, P. V. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley: University of California Press. Pg. 70.§REF§. Moreover it is implausible that a weapon as complex as a compound bow would be invented but then abandoned, leaving no archaeological trace." }, { "id": 98, "polity": { "id": 19, "name": "us_hawaii_3", "long_name": "Hawaii III", "start_year": 1580, "end_year": 1778 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Bows and arrows were used only for sport, not for war§REF§Kirch, P. V. 2010. How Chiefs Became Kings: Divine Kingship and the Rise of Archaic States in Ancient Hawai’i. Berkeley: University of California Press. Pg. 70.§REF§." }, { "id": 99, "polity": { "id": 153, "name": "id_iban_1", "long_name": "Iban - Pre-Brooke", "start_year": 1650, "end_year": 1841 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"...neither bows nor arrows are known in the islands.\" §REF§Low 1848, 211§REF§" }, { "id": 100, "polity": { "id": 154, "name": "id_iban_2", "long_name": "Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial", "start_year": 1841, "end_year": 1987 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Composite_bow", "composite_bow": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " (ibid.)" } ] }