Breastplate List
A viewset for viewing and editing Breastplates.
GET /api/wf/breastplates/?format=api&page=2
{ "count": 362, "next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/breastplates/?format=api&page=3", "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/wf/breastplates/?format=api", "results": [ { "id": 51, "polity": { "id": 517, "name": "eg_old_k_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Late Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2350, "end_year": -2150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"The soldiers of the Old and Middle Kingdom wore no armour. In the Old Kingdom they are usually depicted wearing only a belt and a small triangular loincloth, and by the Middle Kingdom their costume was invariably the same short linen kilt as that worn by civilian workmen. [...] From the late Predynastic Period to the Middle Kingdom, Egyptian soldiers' only bodily protection (apart from the occasional use of a band of webbing across the shoulders and chest) was supplied by long, roughly rectangular shields made of cowhide stretched over a wooden frame.\"§REF§(Shaw 1991: 32) Shaw, Ian. 1991. <i>Egyptian Warfare and Weapons</i>. Princes Risborough: Shire. Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7J8H86XF\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7J8H86XF</a>.§REF§ Armour not worn during 3rd millennium BCE. §REF§(Spalinger 2013, 472)§REF§" }, { "id": 52, "polity": { "id": 109, "name": "eg_ptolemaic_k_1", "long_name": "Ptolemaic Kingdom I", "start_year": -305, "end_year": -217 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " 3rd century BCE cavalrymen equipped with breastplate (thorax) and cuirass-belt (zone thorakitis) §REF§(Fischer-Bovet 2014, 128-131)§REF§ hoplites of the phalanx could wear a cuirass; bronze, iron or linen or leather thorax §REF§(Fischer-Bovet 2014, 135-138)§REF§" }, { "id": 53, "polity": { "id": 207, "name": "eg_ptolemaic_k_2", "long_name": "Ptolemaic Kingdom II", "start_year": -217, "end_year": -30 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " 3rd century BCE cavalrymen equipped with breastplate (thorax) and cuirass-belt (zone thorakitis) §REF§(Fischer-Bovet 2014, 128-131)§REF§ hoplites of the phalanx could wear a cuirass; bronze, iron or linen or leather thorax §REF§(Fischer-Bovet 2014, 135-138)§REF§" }, { "id": 54, "polity": { "id": 518, "name": "eg_regions", "long_name": "Egypt - Period of the Regions", "start_year": -2150, "end_year": -2016 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " \"The soldiers of the Old and Middle Kingdom wore no armour. In the Old Kingdom they are usually depicted wearing only a belt and a small triangular loincloth, and by the Middle Kingdom their costume was invariably the same short linen kilt as that worn by civilian workmen. [...] From the late Predynastic Period to the Middle Kingdom, Egyptian soldiers' only bodily protection (apart from the occasional use of a band of webbing across the shoulders and chest) was supplied by long, roughly rectangular shields made of cowhide stretched over a wooden frame.\"§REF§(Shaw 1991: 32) Shaw, Ian. 1991. <i>Egyptian Warfare and Weapons</i>. Princes Risborough: Shire. Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7J8H86XF\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7J8H86XF</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 55, "polity": { "id": 203, "name": "eg_saite", "long_name": "Egypt - Saite Period", "start_year": -664, "end_year": -525 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " <i>based on Cairan armour, which was probably the most advanced at the time§REF§(Manning 2015, Personal Communication)§REF§</i> Greek armor used by Cairan and Ionians \"covered much more of the body\" §REF§(Fischer-Bovet 2014, 20)§REF§ Under Persian rule Egyptian naval forces described by Herodotus had breastplates. §REF§(Fischer-Bovet 2014, 39)§REF§" }, { "id": 56, "polity": { "id": 520, "name": "eg_thebes_hyksos", "long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Hyksos Period", "start_year": -1720, "end_year": -1567 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 57, "polity": { "id": 200, "name": "eg_thebes_libyan", "long_name": "Egypt - Thebes-Libyan Period", "start_year": -1069, "end_year": -747 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " In the New Kingdom: \"Body armour, in the form of small bronze plates riveted to linen or leather jerkins, with a a tapered lower half, began to be used.\"§REF§(Shaw 1991: 42) Seshat URL: <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7J8H86XF\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/7J8H86XF</a>.§REF§" }, { "id": 58, "polity": { "id": 361, "name": "eg_thulunid_ikhshidid", "long_name": "Egypt - Tulunid-Ikhshidid Period", "start_year": 868, "end_year": 969 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " For Abbasid Caliphate: Some evidence of breastplates in the sources. §REF§Kennedy, the Armies of the Caliphs pp. 168-178§REF§" }, { "id": 59, "polity": { "id": 84, "name": "es_spanish_emp_1", "long_name": "Spanish Empire I", "start_year": 1516, "end_year": 1715 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"The widespread use of firearms and waning popularity of jousting tournaments caused a steep decline in the production of armor in the seventeenth century. Because the symbolic value of armor outlived its effectiveness in battle, sumptuous examples were still made as diplomatic gifts and appeared in portraits of members of the royal family.\" §REF§“The Art of Power: Royal Armor and Portraits from Imperial Spain. National Gallery of Art. Web. Accessed May 5, 2017. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/WHH6KD3N\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/WHH6KD3N</a>)§REF§ “The armour used by soldiers of the Tercio diminished over the years. The 16th century heavy coslete who fought exposed in the front several ranks of the squadron wore a full cuirass, a gorget tasset hanging down the thights, armour covering the upper and lower arms, and metal plated gauntlets.” §REF§(López 2012, 91-2) López, Ignacio J.N. 2012. <i>The Spanish Tercios 1536-1704</i>. Osprey Publishing. <a class=\"external free\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/4EWFWHCQ\" rel=\"nofollow\">https://www.zotero.org/groups/seshat_databank/items/itemKey/4EWFWHCQ</a>§REF§" }, { "id": 60, "polity": { "id": 57, "name": "fm_truk_1", "long_name": "Chuuk - Early Truk", "start_year": 1775, "end_year": 1886 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 61, "polity": { "id": 58, "name": "fm_truk_2", "long_name": "Chuuk - Late Truk", "start_year": 1886, "end_year": 1948 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 62, "polity": { "id": 448, "name": "fr_atlantic_complex", "long_name": "Atlantic Complex", "start_year": -2200, "end_year": -1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred from previous quasi-polity." }, { "id": 63, "polity": { "id": 447, "name": "fr_beaker_eba", "long_name": "Beaker Culture", "start_year": -3200, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Inferred from absence of breastplates in previous and subsequent (quasi)polities in Paris Basin." }, { "id": 64, "polity": { "id": 460, "name": "fr_bourbon_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Bourbon", "start_year": 1589, "end_year": 1660 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Mercenary professionals: \"By the 17th century most had discarded all armor other than a helmet and cuirass\".§REF§(Nolan 2006, 26) Cathal J Nolan. 2006. The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000-1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization. Volume 1 A - K. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§ \"By the mid-17th century even cavalry units, which were still predominantly aristocratic in origin, discarded most armor other than the helm and breastplate.\"§REF§(Nolan 2006, 26) Cathal J Nolan. 2006. The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000-1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization. Volume 1 A - K. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§ Infantry armor became heavier as cavalry armor was discarded. e.g. pikeman who faced lancers. Breastplates and steel leggings were available but most wore stiff leather coats.§REF§(Nolan 2006, 26) Cathal J Nolan. 2006. The Age of Wars of Religion, 1000-1650: An Encyclopedia of Global Warfare and Civilization. Volume 1 A - K. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 65, "polity": { "id": 461, "name": "fr_bourbon_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Bourbon", "start_year": 1660, "end_year": 1815 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Steel breast-plate (cavalry - often not worn). Cuirasses (cavalry, Cuirassiers du Roi). Breastplate (Gardes du Corps)." }, { "id": 66, "polity": { "id": 457, "name": "fr_capetian_k_1", "long_name": "Proto-French Kingdom", "start_year": 987, "end_year": 1150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Breastplate late 13th century.§REF§(Nicolle 2000, 19)§REF§ c1250-1330 CE: \"development of weapons capable of piercing mail: the gradual introduction of pieces of plate (at first of whalebone, horn, and boiled leather, as well as of the iron and steel that ultimately prevailed) to cover an ever larger part of the mail). By 1330, every part of the body of a knight was nomally protected by one or several plates... By 1410, the various pieces of plate, including a breastplate and backplate instead of the earlier coat of plates, were all connected by straps and rivets in an articulated suit, or 'harness,' of polished steel.\"§REF§(Boulton 1995 67-68) Jonathan D Boulton. Armor And Weapons. William W Kibler. Grover A Zinn. Lawrence Earp. John Bell Henneman Jr. 1995. Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia. Routledge. Abingdon.§REF§" }, { "id": 67, "polity": { "id": 458, "name": "fr_capetian_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Capetian", "start_year": 1150, "end_year": 1328 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Breastplate late 13th century.§REF§(Nicolle 2000, 19)§REF§ c1250-1330 CE: \"development of weapons capable of piercing mail: the gradual introduction of pieces of plate (at first of whalebone, horn, and boiled leather, as well as of the iron and steel that ultimately prevailed) to cover an ever larger part of the mail). By 1330, every part of the body of a knight was nomally protected by one or several plates... By 1410, the various pieces of plate, including a breastplate and backplate instead of the earlier coat of plates, were all connected by straps and rivets in an articulated suit, or 'harness,' of polished steel.\"§REF§(Boulton 1995 67-68) Jonathan D Boulton. Armor And Weapons. William W Kibler. Grover A Zinn. Lawrence Earp. John Bell Henneman Jr. 1995. Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia. Routledge. Abingdon.§REF§" }, { "id": 68, "polity": { "id": 309, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_1", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire I", "start_year": 752, "end_year": 840 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " The few who could afford it used body armour.§REF§(Hooper and Bennett 1996, 12) Nicholas Hooper. Matthew Bennett. 1996. The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: The Middle Ages, 768-1487. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ The military retinue of kings and magnates (including clergy) \"had the most complete equipment and were virtually professional warriors.\"§REF§(Hooper and Bennett 1996, 14) Nicholas Hooper. Matthew Bennett. 1996. The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: The Middle Ages, 768-1487. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ c1250-1330 CE: \"development of weapons capable of piercing mail: the gradual introduction of pieces of plate (at first of whalebone, horn, and boiled leather, as well as of the iron and steel that ultimately prevailed) to cover an ever larger part of the mail). By 1330, every part of the body of a knight was normally protected by one or several plates... By 1410, the various pieces of plate, including a breastplate and backplate instead of the earlier coat of plates, were all connected by straps and rivets in an articulated suit, or 'harness,' of polished steel.\"§REF§(Boulton 1995 67-68) Jonathan D Boulton. Armor And Weapons. William W Kibler. Grover A Zinn. Lawrence Earp. John Bell Henneman Jr. 1995. Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia. Routledge. Abingdon.§REF§ David Baker says present.§REF§David Baker. Personal communication to Seshat Databank.§REF§" }, { "id": 69, "polity": { "id": 311, "name": "fr_carolingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Carolingian Empire II", "start_year": 840, "end_year": 987 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " The few who could afford it used body armour.§REF§(Hooper and Bennett 1996, 12) Nicholas Hooper. Matthew Bennett. 1996. The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: The Middle Ages, 768-1487. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ The military retinue of kings and magnates (including clergy) \"had the most complete equipment and were virtually professional warriors.\"§REF§(Hooper and Bennett 1996, 14) Nicholas Hooper. Matthew Bennett. 1996. The Cambridge Illustrated Atlas of Warfare: The Middle Ages, 768-1487. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ c1250-1330 CE: \"development of weapons capable of piercing mail: the gradual introduction of pieces of plate (at first of whalebone, horn, and boiled leather, as well as of the iron and steel that ultimately prevailed) to cover an ever larger part of the mail). By 1330, every part of the body of a knight was normally protected by one or several plates... By 1410, the various pieces of plate, including a breastplate and backplate instead of the earlier coat of plates, were all connected by straps and rivets in an articulated suit, or 'harness,' of polished steel.\"§REF§(Boulton 1995 67-68) Jonathan D Boulton. Armor And Weapons. William W Kibler. Grover A Zinn. Lawrence Earp. John Bell Henneman Jr. 1995. Routledge Revivals: Medieval France (1995): An Encyclopedia. Routledge. Abingdon.§REF§ David Baker says present.§REF§David Baker. Personal communication to Seshat Databank.§REF§" }, { "id": 70, "polity": { "id": 449, "name": "fr_hallstatt_a_b1", "long_name": "Hallstatt A-B1", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " Not mentioned in the literature." }, { "id": 71, "polity": { "id": 450, "name": "fr_hallstatt_b2_3", "long_name": "Hallstatt B2-3", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Early Halstatt bronze cuirass from Marmesse, northern France, dated to the 8th century BC. The style is reminiscent of the early Greek 'bell' cuirass.\" §REF§(Allen 2007, 19)§REF§" }, { "id": 72, "polity": { "id": 451, "name": "fr_hallstatt_c", "long_name": "Hallstatt C", "start_year": -700, "end_year": -600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Early Halstatt bronze cuirass from Marmesse, northern France, dated to the 8th century BC. The style is reminiscent of the early Greek 'bell' cuirass.\" §REF§(Allen 2007, 19)§REF§" }, { "id": 73, "polity": { "id": 452, "name": "fr_hallstatt_d", "long_name": "Hallstatt D", "start_year": -600, "end_year": -475 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " \"Early Halstatt bronze cuirass from Marmesse, northern France, dated to the 8th century BC. The style is reminiscent of the early Greek 'bell' cuirass.\" §REF§(Allen 2007, 19)§REF§" }, { "id": 74, "polity": { "id": 304, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_1", "long_name": "Early Merovingian", "start_year": 481, "end_year": 543 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "Not discussed in consulted literature RA." }, { "id": 75, "polity": { "id": 456, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_3", "long_name": "Proto-Carolingian", "start_year": 687, "end_year": 751 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "Not discussed in consulted literature RA." }, { "id": 76, "polity": { "id": 306, "name": "fr_merovingian_emp_2", "long_name": "Middle Merovingian", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 687 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "Not discussed in consulted literature RA." }, { "id": 77, "polity": { "id": 453, "name": "fr_la_tene_a_b1", "long_name": "La Tene A-B1", "start_year": -475, "end_year": -325 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Glauberg, Germany c400 BCE. §REF§(Kruta 2004, 60)§REF§ \"Bronze statuette of a warrior from Liechtenstein dated to the 5th century BC. Note the Greek/Etruscan-style cuirass.\" §REF§(Allen 2007, 24)§REF§ Diodorus Siculus mentions iron breastplates. §REF§(Allen 2007, 115)§REF§" }, { "id": 78, "polity": { "id": 454, "name": "fr_la_tene_b2_c1", "long_name": "La Tene B2-C1", "start_year": -325, "end_year": -175 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Light breastplate c100 BCE or before. §REF§(Kruta 2004, 110)§REF§ \"Bronze statuette of a warrior from Liechtenstein dated to the 5th century BC. Note the Greek/Etruscan-style cuirass.\" §REF§(Allen 2007, 24)§REF§ Diodorus Siculus mentions iron breastplates. §REF§(Allen 2007, 115)§REF§<br>Glauberg, Germany c400 BCE. §REF§(Kruta 2004, 60)§REF§" }, { "id": 79, "polity": { "id": 455, "name": "fr_la_tene_c2_d", "long_name": "La Tene C2-D", "start_year": -175, "end_year": -27 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Light breastplate c100 BCE or before. §REF§(Kruta 2004, 110)§REF§ \"Bronze statuette of a warrior from Liechtenstein dated to the 5th century BC. Note the Greek/Etruscan-style cuirass.\" §REF§(Allen 2007, 24)§REF§ Diodorus Siculus mentions iron breastplates. §REF§(Allen 2007, 115)§REF§" }, { "id": 80, "polity": { "id": 333, "name": "fr_valois_k_1", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Valois", "start_year": 1328, "end_year": 1450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Breastplate late 13th century. §REF§(Nicolle 2000, 19) David Nicolle. 2000. French Armies Of The Hundred Years War. Osprey Publishing. Oxford.§REF§ Hundred Years' War (1337-1453 CE) reference: upper and lower breastplates.§REF§(Wagner 2006, 27-29) John A Wagner. 2006. Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 81, "polity": { "id": 459, "name": "fr_valois_k_2", "long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Valois", "start_year": 1450, "end_year": 1589 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Cuirasses.§REF§(Carroll 2006, 113)§REF§ Hundred Years' War (1337-1453 CE) reference: typical French knight wore \"plate armor for shoulders and limbs topped by a bascinet, a metal helmet with projecting hinged visors and air holes. Instead of the surcoat, they wore a shorter leather jupon, and their warhorses were also armored, with plate covering their heads and mail or leather their flanks.\"§REF§(Wagner 2006, 27-29) John A Wagner. 2006. Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§ Hundred Years' War (1337-1453 CE) reference: upper and lower breastplates.§REF§(Wagner 2006, 27-29) John A Wagner. 2006. Encyclopedia of the Hundred Years War. Greenwood Press. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 82, "polity": { "id": 786, "name": "gb_british_emp_2", "long_name": "British Empire II", "start_year": 1850, "end_year": 1968 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 83, "polity": { "id": 113, "name": "gh_akan", "long_name": "Akan - Pre-Ashanti", "start_year": 1501, "end_year": 1701 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 84, "polity": { "id": 114, "name": "gh_ashanti_emp", "long_name": "Ashanti Empire", "start_year": 1701, "end_year": 1895 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The sources refer to smocks decorated with sheet gold and silver worn by military commanders, but their characterisation as armor is questionable and of a 'mystical' nature: 'The most elaborate of these smocks, the Batakari [...], were possessed only by the Asantehene and major chiefs. The number of talismans on them showed the great sums expended upon them, and some were encased in sheet gold or silver with repoussé decoration by court goldsmiths. These smocks were usually worn with a talisman-covered cap, and sometimes with additional protective asuma[unknown] hung around the neck. These costumes were worn during wars, and at least one in the British Museum's collection was obtained on the battlefield. [...] Possibly such heavy costumes offered some protection against arrows or slugs cut from bars of lead and fired from poorly maintained muzzle loaders.' §REF§McLeod, M. D. (Malcolm D.) 1981. “Asante”, 148§REF§ Commoner infantrymen seem to have worn no specialized gear apart from shields and weaponry." }, { "id": 85, "polity": { "id": 67, "name": "gr_crete_archaic", "long_name": "Archaic Crete", "start_year": -710, "end_year": -500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§Everson, T. 2004. <i>Warfare in Ancient Greece: Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great</i>, Sutton.§REF§" }, { "id": 86, "polity": { "id": 68, "name": "gr_crete_classical", "long_name": "Classical Crete", "start_year": -500, "end_year": -323 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§Everson, T. 2004. <i>Warfare in Ancient Greece: Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great</i>, Sutton.§REF§" }, { "id": 87, "polity": { "id": 74, "name": "gr_crete_emirate", "long_name": "The Emirate of Crete", "start_year": 824, "end_year": 961 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": "§REF§Κόλλιας, Τ., <i>Τεχνολογία και Πόλεμος στο Βυζάντιο</i>, 2005§REF§ §REF§Mc Geer, E., <i>Sowing the Dragon</i>s Teeth: Byzantine Warfare in the Tenth Century<i>, Washington D.C., 1995.</i>§REF§" }, { "id": 88, "polity": { "id": 65, "name": "gr_crete_post_palace_2", "long_name": "Final Postpalatial Crete", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 89, "polity": { "id": 66, "name": "gr_crete_geometric", "long_name": "Geometric Crete", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -710 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 90, "polity": { "id": 69, "name": "gr_crete_hellenistic", "long_name": "Hellenistic Crete", "start_year": -323, "end_year": -69 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " §REF§Everson, T. 2004. <i>Warfare in Ancient Greece: Arms and Armour from the Heroes of Homer to Alexander the Great</i>, Sutton.§REF§" }, { "id": 91, "polity": { "id": 63, "name": "gr_crete_mono_palace", "long_name": "Monopalatial Crete", "start_year": -1450, "end_year": -1300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 92, "polity": { "id": 59, "name": "gr_crete_nl", "long_name": "Neolithic Crete", "start_year": -7000, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 93, "polity": { "id": 62, "name": "gr_crete_new_palace", "long_name": "New Palace Crete", "start_year": -1700, "end_year": -1450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 94, "polity": { "id": 64, "name": "gr_crete_post_palace_1", "long_name": "Postpalatial Crete", "start_year": -1300, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 95, "polity": { "id": 60, "name": "gr_crete_pre_palace", "long_name": "Prepalatial Crete", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 96, "polity": { "id": 17, "name": "us_hawaii_1", "long_name": "Hawaii I", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " No mention of any armor in a \"weapons and armor\" section on Hawaiian warfare at contact. §REF§Hommon, Robert, J. 2013. The Ancient Hawaiian State: Origins of a Political Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.§REF§ Probably true of earlier period, but more evidence is probably needed." }, { "id": 97, "polity": { "id": 18, "name": "us_hawaii_2", "long_name": "Hawaii II", "start_year": 1200, "end_year": 1580 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " No mention of any armor in a \"weapons and armor\" section on Hawaiian warfare at contact. §REF§Hommon, Robert, J. 2013. The Ancient Hawaiian State: Origins of a Political Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.§REF§ Probably true of earlier period, but more evidence is probably needed." }, { "id": 98, "polity": { "id": 19, "name": "us_hawaii_3", "long_name": "Hawaii III", "start_year": 1580, "end_year": 1778 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " No mention of any armor in a \"weapons and armor\" section on Hawaiian warfare. §REF§Hommon, Robert, J. 2013. The Ancient Hawaiian State: Origins of a Political Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 99, "polity": { "id": 153, "name": "id_iban_1", "long_name": "Iban - Pre-Brooke", "start_year": 1650, "end_year": 1841 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "absent", "comment": null, "description": " The war-jacket does not seem to constitute a breastplate: \"The gagong or war-jacket is a skin with a hole and slit in the neck of it to admit of the insertion of the warrior's head, the animal's face falling on his stomach, and its back hanging over his shoulders and reaching below the waist.\" §REF§Howell 1908, 92§REF§ \"...the woven jacket and waistband was an important part of the Iban warrior's ritual paraphernalia, safeguarding him from attack whilst on the war-path.\" §REF§Davison & Sutlive 1991, 208§REF§" }, { "id": 100, "polity": { "id": 154, "name": "id_iban_2", "long_name": "Iban - Brooke Raj and Colonial", "start_year": 1841, "end_year": 1987 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Breastplate", "breastplate": "present", "comment": null, "description": " The gagong or war-jacket is a skin with a hole and slit in the neck of it to admit of the insertion of the warrior's head, the animal's face falling on his stomach, and its back hanging over his shoulders and reaching below the waist. §REF§Howell 1908, 92§REF§ ...the woven jacket and waistband was an important part of the Iban warrior's ritual paraphernalia, safeguarding him from attack whilst on the war-path. §REF§Davison & Sutlive 1991, 208§REF§" } ] }