Weight Measurement System List
A viewset for viewing and editing Weight Measurement Systems.
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{ "count": 139, "next": null, "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/weight-measurement-systems/?format=api&page=2", "results": [ { "id": 102, "polity": { "id": 235, "name": "my_malacca_sultanate_22222", "long_name": "Malacca Sultanate", "start_year": 1270, "end_year": 1415 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"Islam was unifying element in much of the Indian Ocean, especially on both sides—the east African coast and the Malay world. The east African societies relied on Islam to help create their world since their identity derived not only from commercial links with co-religionists but on specific modes of social and commercial behavior. The Muslim religion gave prescriptions as to everyday conduct. The Koran had specific admonitions on fair practice in the market place. The Koranic injunction to have balance scales led to the appearance of a market inspector called the muhtash whose specific job was to oversee local transactions and check weights and measures among other duties.” §REF§(Rothman 2002: 80) Rothman, Norman C. 2002. “Indian Ocean Trading Links: The Swahili Experience,” Comparative Civilizations Review. Vol. 46:6.§REF§ Mogadishu is a city that is not in this polity but is in some ways comparable as a Muslim trading city: \"Ibn Battuta's description of Mogadishu indicates that the city was highly advanced as a center of trade and Islamic learning.\"§REF§(Abdullahi 2017, 53) Abdurahman Abdullahi. 2017 Making Sense of Somali History: Volume 1. Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd. London.§REF§ \"The three Muslim States of Ifat, Hadya and Fatajar occupied the strategic positions that provided footholds for further penetration of Islamic commerce and learning into the Christian kingdom of Ethiopia.\"§REF§(Teferra 1990) Daniel Teferra. 1990. Social history and theoretical analyses of the economy of Ethiopia. Edwin Mellen Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 103, "polity": { "id": 209, "name": "ma_mauretania", "long_name": "Mauretania", "start_year": -125, "end_year": 44 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"In general, the period of the independent Numidian and Mauretanian kingdoms saw the evolution and entrenchment of a culture of mixed Libyan and Phoenician character, the latter element being culturally dominant though naturally representing only a minority of the population as a whole.\"§REF§(Mahjoubi and Salama 1981, 462-463) A Mahjoubi and P Salama. The Roman and post-Roman period in North Africa. G Mokhtar. ed. 1981. General History of Africa II. Ancient Civilizations of Africa. Heinemann. California.§REF§ \"By the late second century BC, Roman interests were so strong that portions of Mauretania could even be described as Roman territory, although this was clearly a cultural, not a legal, definition.\"§REF§(Roller 2003, 47) Duane W Roller. 2003. The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier. Routledge. New York.§REF§ Juba II (educated in Italy) \"became a very learned scholar and was granted Roman citizenship.\"§REF§(Sayles 1998, 114-115) Wayne G Sayles. 1998. Ancient Coin Collecting IV. Roman Provincial Coins. Krause Publications. Iola.§REF§" }, { "id": 104, "polity": { "id": 55, "name": "pa_cocle_2", "long_name": "Middle Greater Coclé", "start_year": 700, "end_year": 1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "The 16th-century Spanish historian Francisco López de Gómara (who did not visit the Americas personally) 'mentioned that among the Chibcha on the coast of Cartagena some system of weighing was employed'. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A7ANPNRN\">[Guerra 1960, p. 343]</a> Cartagena is in Colombia but Chibcha-speaking populations were very likely also present in Central Panama in this period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9BTQQ8AX\">[Hoopes_et_al 2003, p. 56]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6ERS93SR\">[Hoopes_Peregrine_Ember 2001, p. 100]</a> Besides this statement, I have been unable to find examples in the literature of good evidence for standardized weights in Precolumbian Panama. More information is needed to be able to code this variable.", "description": null }, { "id": 105, "polity": { "id": 530, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_a", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Early Postclassic", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "unknown", "comment": "Sources do not suggest that any evidence has been found for units of measurement besides the yaguen for length. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996, p. 1]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 106, "polity": { "id": 531, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_b", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Late Postclassic", "start_year": 1101, "end_year": 1520 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "unknown", "comment": "Sources do not suggest that any evidence has been found for units of measurement besides the yaguen for length. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996, p. 1]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 107, "polity": { "id": 206, "name": "dz_numidia", "long_name": "Numidia", "start_year": -220, "end_year": -46 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Numidia was \"something of a centre of Punic literary culture.\"§REF§(Law 1978, 184) R C C Law. North Africa in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, 323 BC to AD 305. J D Fage. Roland Anthony Oliver. eds. 1978. The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 2. c. 500 B.C. - A.D. 1050. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ King Micipsa encouraged \"learned Greeks to come to settle at Cirta.\"§REF§(Law 1978, 184) R C C Law. North Africa in the Hellenistic and Roman periods, 323 BC to AD 305. J D Fage. Roland Anthony Oliver. eds. 1978. The Cambridge History of Africa, Volume 2. c. 500 B.C. - A.D. 1050. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ There was an Italian merchant community at Cirta§REF§(Mommsen 1863) Theodore Mommsen. William P Dickson trans. 2009 (1863). The History of Rome. Volume 3. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§ and Numidian grain was exported to Rome.§REF§(Burgan 2005, 25) Michael Burgan. 2005. Empire of Ancient Rome. Facts On File, Inc. New York.§REF§" }, { "id": 108, "polity": { "id": 542, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4_copy", "long_name": "Yemen - Ottoman period", "start_year": 1873, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": "Information on Yemeni measurement systems is still needed. Given the long tradition of permanent agriculture and Islamic scholarship in the area, all specified variables are assumed present.", "description": null }, { "id": 109, "polity": { "id": 293, "name": "ua_russian_principate", "long_name": "Russian Principate", "start_year": 1133, "end_year": 1240 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Known from the 1229 CE Smolensk Pravda that the Church controlled weights and measures for a time from the end of the 12th century, before this time \"presumably a responsibility of the secular powers\" because \"the Charter of Rostislav Mstislavich of 1136 which regulated the bishop's income in great detail, did not mention any ecclesiastical involvement in weights and measures.\"§REF§(Feldbrugge 2017, 461-462) Ferdinand J M Feldbrugge. 2017. A History of Russian Law: From Ancient Times to the Council Code (Ulozhenie) of Tsar Aleksei Mikhailovich of 1649. BRILL. Leiden.§REF§" }, { "id": 110, "polity": { "id": 237, "name": "ml_songhai_1", "long_name": "Songhai Empire", "start_year": 1376, "end_year": 1493 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Cowrie shells \"can be accurately traded by weight, by volume, and by counting\"§REF§(Reader 1998, 387)§REF§" }, { "id": 111, "polity": { "id": 259, "name": "cn_southern_qi_dyn", "long_name": "Southern Qi State", "start_year": 479, "end_year": 502 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": "The Chinese civilization culture at this time possessed this metric.", "description": null }, { "id": 112, "polity": { "id": 217, "name": "dz_tahert", "long_name": "Tahert", "start_year": 761, "end_year": 909 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": null, "description": "The Tahert Immamate was the a large and stable state in the highlands of central Algeria that possessed \"something of an administrative hierarchy\".§REF§(Fage and Tordoff 2002, 159) J D Fage. William Tordoff. 2002. A History of Africa. Fourth Edition. Routledge. London.§REF§ Islamic administrators working with Arabic for a significant trading principality would very likely have had a measurement system." }, { "id": 113, "polity": { "id": 271, "name": "ua_skythian_k_3", "long_name": "Third Scythian Kingdom", "start_year": -429, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": null, "description": "The Greek city of Olbia was run directly by Scythian administrators who had access to the Greek culture measurement system to use if they did not already possess their own.§REF§(Burstein 2010, 142) Stanley H Burstein. The Greek Cities of the Black Sea. Konrad H Kinzi. 2010. A Companion to the Classical Greek World. Wiley-Blackwell.§REF§" }, { "id": 114, "polity": { "id": 230, "name": "dz_tlemcen", "long_name": "Tlemcen", "start_year": 1235, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Well-developed bureaucracy.§REF§(Bourn and Park 2016, 20) Aomar Bourn. Thomas K Park. 2016. Historical Dictionary of Morocco. Rowman & Littlefield. Lantham.§REF§" }, { "id": 115, "polity": { "id": 276, "name": "cn_tuyuhun", "long_name": "Tuyuhun", "start_year": 300, "end_year": 663 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"Their administration was based on the Chinese model and made use of Chinese writing.\"§REF§(Pan 1997, 45) Yihong Pan. 1997. Son of Heaven and Heavenly Qaghan: Sui-Tang China and Its Neighbors. Western Washington University.§REF§" }, { "id": 116, "polity": { "id": 240, "name": "ma_wattasid_dyn", "long_name": "Wattasid", "start_year": 1465, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"According to the hisba, a manual for marketplace supervision complied for the Almoravid regime by the Andalusian secretary Ibn Abdun, the head judge appointed the muhtasib, the supervisor of the market place. ... The muhtasib and his appointee the amin ensured the accuracy of the merchants' weights and measures. The amin's job was to calibrate scales, check the weights and counterweights, and mark with his seal those that were within the margin of tolerance.\"§REF§(Messier and Miller 2015) Ronald A Messier. James A Miller. 2015. The Last Civilized Place. Sijilmasa and Its Saharan Destiny. University of Texas Press. Austin.§REF§ Continuity with earlier periods? \"Like the Marinids, the Wattasids also encouraged education and culture.\"§REF§(Boum and Park 2016, 489) Aomar Boum. Thomas K Park. 2016. Historical Dictionary of Morocco. Rowman & Littlefield.§REF§" }, { "id": 117, "polity": { "id": 291, "name": "cn_xixia", "long_name": "Xixia", "start_year": 1032, "end_year": 1227 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"Xixia was prosperous ... and rich in culture and education.\"§REF§(? 2006, 178) ? 2006. China Tibetology. Issues 6-11. Office for the Journal China Tibetology.§REF§" }, { "id": 118, "polity": { "id": 279, "name": "kz_yueban", "long_name": "Yueban", "start_year": 350, "end_year": 450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "The Yueban were part of northern Xiongnu, who inhabited in the upper Hi River during the fourth and fifth centuries.\"§REF§(Li and Hansen 2003, 63) Jian Li. Valerie Hansen. 2003. The glory of the silk road: art from ancient China. The Dayton Art Institute.§REF§ \"From limited references in the Beishi (Northern histories) and the Weishu (History of the Wei), we know that the Yueban had a well-developed kingdom, with a population of two hundred thousand that spanned thousands of kilometers, in the area north of Kucha.\"§REF§(Li and Hansen 2003, 63) Jian Li. Valerie Hansen. 2003. The glory of the silk road: art from ancient China. The Dayton Art Institute.§REF§" }, { "id": 119, "polity": { "id": 227, "name": "et_zagwe", "long_name": "Zagwe", "start_year": 1137, "end_year": 1269 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": null, "description": "King Lalibela is said to be responsible for the \"vast complex of rock-cut churches\".§REF§(Munro-Hay 2002, 23) Stuart Munro-Hay. 2002. Ethiopia, the Unknown Land: A Cultural and Historical Guide. I B Tauris. London.§REF§ How would this be possible without a measurement system? \"The Zagwe rulers gave continuity to Aksumite state structure, Christianity, and the use of the Geez language.\"§REF§(Getahun and Kassu 2014, 9) Solomon Addis Getahun. Wudu Tafete Kassu. 2014. Culture and Customs of Ethiopia. ABC-CLIO. Santa Barbara.§REF§" }, { "id": 120, "polity": { "id": 222, "name": "tn_zirid_dyn", "long_name": "Zirids", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1148 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Centralized government bureaucracy with a wazir§REF§(Knapp 1977, 406) Wilfrid Knapp. 1977. North West Africa: A Political and Economic Survey. Oxford University Press.§REF§ while the court and the coastal city of Mahdia became \"one of the great cultural centers of medieval North Africa.\"§REF§(? 2012, 503) ? . Tamim Ibn Al-Mu'izz Ibn Badis. Emmanuel K Akyeampong. Henry Louis Gates Jr. eds. 2012. Dictionary of African Biography: Abach - Brand, Volume 1. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§ For example, \"Ibn Rashiq arrived at the Zirid court in Kairouan during the reign of the Caliph al-Mu'izz b. Badis, and soon became one of the leading men of science, letters, and religion in the court circle.\"§REF§(Knapp 1977, 406) Wilfrid Knapp. 1977. North West Africa: A Political and Economic Survey. Oxford University Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 121, "polity": { "id": 586, "name": "gb_england_norman", "long_name": "Norman England", "start_year": 1066, "end_year": 1153 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": "Norman England inherited and adapted the Anglo-Saxon system of weights and measures, which were further standardized under Norman rule.<br>\r\nPound (libra): The primary unit of weight, based on the Roman system, equivalent to 12 ounces (troy weight).\r\nMark: A unit often used for weighing precious metals (typically two-thirds of a pound).\r\nOunce (uncia): A smaller unit derived from the Roman system.\r\nStone (stán): Used for heavier goods, particularly in trade contexts. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/MXKV3EU2\">[webpage_Home | Domesday Book]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HBVV8PDK\">[Clanchy 1993]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 122, "polity": { "id": 798, "name": "de_east_francia", "long_name": "East Francia", "start_year": 842, "end_year": 919 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": "East Francia inherited and adapted weight measurement systems from the Carolingian Empire, which were themselves influenced by Roman and early medieval practices.\r\nCommonly used weight units included:\r\nLibra (Pound): Derived from the Roman weight system, equivalent to approximately 327 grams.\r\nSolidus and Denarius: Used for weighing precious metals and coins in monetary transactions.\r\nMarc: A unit often used for weighing silver. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/GI5MI52S\">[Riché 1993]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 123, "polity": { "id": 177, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire IV", "start_year": 1839, "end_year": 1922 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "present", "comment": "The Ottoman Empire employed a variety of traditional weight units, which varied regionally. These units were widely used in marketplaces and taxation.<br>\r\nExamples:\r\nOkka: The most commonly used unit, approximately 1.282 kilograms.<br>\r\nDirhem: A smaller unit, approximately 3.2 grams, often used for spices, precious metals, and medicines.<br> <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4PIUWZWW\">[Faroqhi_Faroqhi 2013]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 124, "polity": { "id": 450, "name": "fr_hallstatt_b2_3", "long_name": "Hallstatt B2-3", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 125, "polity": { "id": 101, "name": "us_haudenosaunee_1", "long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Early", "start_year": 1566, "end_year": 1713 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "The sources reviewed are not coded for weights and measures.", "description": null }, { "id": 126, "polity": { "id": 102, "name": "us_haudenosaunee_2", "long_name": "Haudenosaunee Confederacy - Late", "start_year": 1714, "end_year": 1848 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "The sources reviewed are not coded for any weights and measures.", "description": null }, { "id": 127, "polity": { "id": 430, "name": "ml_jenne_jeno_3", "long_name": "Jenne-jeno III", "start_year": 400, "end_year": 899 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown. Had markets, transport of goods via ports, and significant urbanism.", "description": null }, { "id": 128, "polity": { "id": 47, "name": "id_kalingga_k", "long_name": "Kalingga Kingdom", "start_year": 500, "end_year": 732 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 129, "polity": { "id": 160, "name": "tr_konya_eba", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 130, "polity": { "id": 159, "name": "tr_konya_lca", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic", "start_year": -5500, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 131, "polity": { "id": 420, "name": "cn_longshan", "long_name": "Longshan", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 132, "polity": { "id": 532, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5", "long_name": "Monte Alban V", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1520 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown. Evidence for consistent measurements other than the yaguen length has not been found. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996, p. 1]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 133, "polity": { "id": 29, "name": "us_oneota", "long_name": "Oneota", "start_year": 1400, "end_year": 1650 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "probably unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 134, "polity": { "id": 445, "name": "pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial", "long_name": "Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial", "start_year": 1734, "end_year": 1883 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "The sources were not coded for any lengths or measures.", "description": null }, { "id": 135, "polity": { "id": 196, "name": "ec_shuar_1", "long_name": "Shuar - Colonial", "start_year": 1534, "end_year": 1830 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "The sources are not coded for any weights or measures.", "description": null }, { "id": 136, "polity": { "id": 197, "name": "ec_shuar_2", "long_name": "Shuar - Ecuadorian", "start_year": 1831, "end_year": 1931 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "The sources are not coded for any lengths or measures.", "description": null }, { "id": 137, "polity": { "id": 286, "name": "mn_uygur_khaganate", "long_name": "Uigur Khaganate", "start_year": 745, "end_year": 840 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "Probably unknown. Mentioned for Uighur populations in the 13th-14th century CE. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZPAFEI4V\">[Matsui_et_al 2004]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 138, "polity": { "id": 419, "name": "cn_yangshao", "long_name": "Yangshao", "start_year": -5000, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 139, "polity": { "id": 144, "name": "jp_yayoi", "long_name": "Kansai - Yayoi Period", "start_year": -300, "end_year": 250 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 140, "polity": { "id": 50, "name": "id_majapahit_k", "long_name": "Majapahit Kingdom", "start_year": 1292, "end_year": 1518 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Weight_measurement_system", "weight_measurement_system": "uncoded", "comment": "Literate culture, monumental architecture, shipbuilding.", "description": null } ] }