Trading Emporia List
A viewset for viewing and editing Trading Emporias.
GET /api/sc/trading-emporia/?format=api&page=2
{ "count": 95, "next": null, "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/trading-emporia/?format=api", "results": [ { "id": 51, "polity": { "id": 567, "name": "at_habsburg_2", "long_name": "Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II", "start_year": 1649, "end_year": 1918 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Fairs; markets. “In the 1840s, the Pest market fairs attracted some 30,000 participants.”§REF§(Judson 2016: 112) Judson, Pieter M. 2016. The Habsburg Empire: A New History. Cambridge, USA; London, England: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/BN5TQZBW§REF§" }, { "id": 52, "polity": { "id": 797, "name": "de_empire_1", "long_name": "Holy Roman Empire - Ottonian-Salian Dynasty", "start_year": 919, "end_year": 1125 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": "There were likely many trading emporiums given the changing overland routes during this period, such as Truso in Prussia. §REF§Curta 2005: 67. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/RIISSF6A§REF§" }, { "id": 53, "polity": { "id": 573, "name": "ru_golden_horde", "long_name": "Golden Horde", "start_year": 1240, "end_year": 1440 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Towns and marketplaces grew along the trading routes that ran through the territory. §REF§Schamiloglu 2018: 21. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4DIB5VCX§REF§" }, { "id": 54, "polity": { "id": 587, "name": "gb_british_emp_1", "long_name": "British Empire I", "start_year": 1690, "end_year": 1849 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": " British trading posts such as Gibraltar became famous for their emporiums and immense amounts of imports and exports that it traded across the Empire.§REF§( Colquhoun 1811: 306) Colquhoun, Patrik. 1814. Treatise on the Wealth, Power and Resources of the British Empire in Every Quarter of the World Etc. Jos. Mawman. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/3SNZA6FJ§REF§" }, { "id": 55, "polity": { "id": 574, "name": "gb_anglo_saxon_1", "long_name": "Anglo-Saxon England I", "start_year": 410, "end_year": 926 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Ports such as London and Dover housed trading emporiums for imports and exports to Europe. Ipswich in East Anglia was a significant trading emporium from the early seventh century. §REF§(Yorke 1990: 50, 65) York, Barbara. 1990. Kings and Kingdoms of Early Anglo-Saxon England. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203447307. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/YXTNCWJN§REF§" }, { "id": 56, "polity": { "id": 566, "name": "fr_france_napoleonic", "long_name": "Napoleonic France", "start_year": 1816, "end_year": 1870 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": " Trading emporiums were present, especially along the coastal trading ports in West Africa where France held territories.§REF§Crook 2002: 191. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/29D9EQQE§REF§" }, { "id": 57, "polity": { "id": 561, "name": "us_hohokam_culture", "long_name": "Hohokam Culture", "start_year": 300, "end_year": 1500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": " The Sonoran Desert people traded with their neighbours and over time their region became a cross road in the trade system. On route ran from northern Mexico, to the Tucson area and to the Gila River Valley. Therefore it could be inferred that emporium were established during trading seasons.§REF§“The Ancestral Sonoran Desert People - Casa Grande Ruins National Monument (U.S. National Park Service),”. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HZ95455H§REF§" }, { "id": 58, "polity": { "id": 351, "name": "am_artaxiad_dyn", "long_name": "Armenian Kingdom", "start_year": -188, "end_year": 6 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": " There was a lot of international trade in Armenia and as it was a major gateway of trade between east and west it is likely that there were trading emporiums.§REF§Panossian 2206: 37. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/GZLDRKAY§REF§" }, { "id": 59, "polity": { "id": 305, "name": "it_lombard_k", "long_name": "Lombard Kingdom", "start_year": 568, "end_year": 774 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": " Trading emporiums have not been mentioned in the sources consulted" }, { "id": 60, "polity": { "id": 786, "name": "gb_british_emp_2", "long_name": "British Empire II", "start_year": 1850, "end_year": 1968 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": " British trading posts such as Gibraltar became famous for their emporiums and immense amounts of imports and exports that it traded across the Empire.§REF§( Colquhoun 1811: 306) Colquhoun, Patrik. 1814. Treatise on the Wealth, Power and Resources of the British Empire in Every Quarter of the World Etc. Jos. Mawman. https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/3SNZA6FJ§REF§" }, { "id": 61, "polity": { "id": 571, "name": "ru_romanov_dyn_2", "long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty II", "start_year": 1776, "end_year": 1917 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Astrakhan: Located near the Caspian Sea, Astrakhan was a significant trading emporium, especially for trade with Persia and Central Asia. It was a key center for the exchange of goods like silk, furs, and grains.\r\n\r\nArkhangelsk (Archangel): Situated in the north on the White Sea, Arkhangelsk was one of the earliest and most important trading ports in Russia before the establishment of Saint Petersburg. It was crucial for trade with Western Europe, particularly England and the Netherlands.\r\n\r\nNizhny Novgorod: Located at the confluence of the Volga and Oka rivers, Nizhny Novgorod was famous for its fairs and served as a major trading hub connecting the vast regions of Siberia and Central Asia with the European part of Russia.\r\n\r\nOdessa: On the Black Sea coast, Odessa emerged as a vital trading port in the late 18th century. It became a major gateway for the export of grains and other agricultural products from the fertile regions of Ukraine and southern Russia.\r\n\r\nRiga and Tallinn: In the Baltic region, these cities were significant trading emporia, facilitating trade with Northern and Western Europe.§REF§Nancy Shields Kollmann, The Russian Empire 1450-1801 (Oxford University Press, 2017)<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XQKZ97AS\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: XQKZ97AS</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 62, "polity": { "id": 600, "name": "ru_romanov_dyn_1", "long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I", "start_year": 1614, "end_year": 1775 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Astrakhan: Located near the Caspian Sea, Astrakhan was a significant trading emporium, especially for trade with Persia and Central Asia. It was a key center for the exchange of goods like silk, furs, and grains.\r\n\r\nArkhangelsk (Archangel): Situated in the north on the White Sea, Arkhangelsk was one of the earliest and most important trading ports in Russia before the establishment of Saint Petersburg. It was crucial for trade with Western Europe, particularly England and the Netherlands.\r\n\r\nNizhny Novgorod: Located at the confluence of the Volga and Oka rivers, Nizhny Novgorod was famous for its fairs and served as a major trading hub connecting the vast regions of Siberia and Central Asia with the European part of Russia.\r\n\r\nOdessa: On the Black Sea coast, Odessa emerged as a vital trading port in the late 18th century. It became a major gateway for the export of grains and other agricultural products from the fertile regions of Ukraine and southern Russia.\r\n\r\nRiga and Tallinn: In the Baltic region, these cities were significant trading emporia, facilitating trade with Northern and Western Europe.§REF§Nancy Shields Kollmann, The Russian Empire 1450-1801 (Oxford University Press, 2017)<a href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/XQKZ97AS\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"fw-bolder\"> <b> Zotero link: XQKZ97AS</b></a>§REF§" }, { "id": 63, "polity": { "id": 782, "name": "bd_twelve_bhuyans", "long_name": "Twelve Bhuyans", "start_year": 1538, "end_year": 1612 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": "“Dhaka saw the Portuguese establish a textile trading post in the 1580s, the Dutch (who referred to prolific Bengal as ‘the fat meadow’) followed in the 1650s, the English in the 1660s and the French in the 1680s. There were many smaller settlements (‘factories’).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JJDGEDFZ\">[van_Schendel 2009]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 64, "polity": { "id": 778, "name": "in_east_india_co", "long_name": "British East India Company", "start_year": 1757, "end_year": 1858 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "uncoded", "comment": null, "description": null }, { "id": 65, "polity": { "id": 426, "name": "cn_southern_song_dyn", "long_name": "Southern Song", "start_year": 1127, "end_year": 1279 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": "\"Big markets had grown up along [the Yangtze's] banks where the roads leading from north to south crossed the river. One of them was situated to the north of Lake Tung-t'ing, another near present-day Wu-han, yet another south of Nanking. The products of the entire empire, from Canton to the Han valley, from Szechwan to the region of the lower Yangtze, could be found there.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WN3JCFXA\">[Gernet 1962, p. 82]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 66, "polity": { "id": 223, "name": "ma_almoravid_dyn", "long_name": "Almoravids", "start_year": 1035, "end_year": 1150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 67, "polity": { "id": 210, "name": "et_aksum_emp_2", "long_name": "Axum II", "start_year": 350, "end_year": 599 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 68, "polity": { "id": 213, "name": "et_aksum_emp_3", "long_name": "Axum III", "start_year": 600, "end_year": 800 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 69, "polity": { "id": 321, "name": "es_castile_k", "long_name": "Castile Kingdom", "start_year": 1065, "end_year": 1230 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"the Crónica tells how Alfonso VI decided to establish a town at Sahagún, and to carry this out he invited burghers from all parts of Western Europe to settle in Sahagún. He also granted to the burghers a fuero, or town charter, which set out the legal conditions under which they would settle and take up their trades.\"§REF§R.E. Schwarzrock 2012 Conflict and Chronicle in Twelfth-Century León-Castile: a literary study of the first Crónica anónima of Sahagún p.234§REF§" }, { "id": 70, "polity": { "id": 533, "name": "ug_early_nyoro", "long_name": "Early Nyoro", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1449 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "unknown", "comment": "\"Whether or not markets existed in this period is too speculative to warrant further attention.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DBEPG6WE\">[Uzoigwe 1972, p. 425]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 71, "polity": { "id": 218, "name": "ma_idrisid_dyn", "long_name": "Idrisids", "start_year": 789, "end_year": 917 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"'Ville..grandeur moyenne (madina muktasida)... ses produits les plus serieux consistent en colon, exporte vers I'lfrikiya et autres lieux...' (Ibn Hawkal 1938-39:76); Trading with Barghwata (1967:83)\"§REF§Said Ennahid. 2001. POLITICAL ECONOMY AND SETTLEMENT SYSTEMS OF MEDIEVAL NORTHERN MOROCCO: AN ARCHAEOLOGICAL-HISTORICAL APPROACH. pg. 237§REF§§REF§Ibn Hawkal 1967 Kitab surat al-ard (Opus Geographicum). Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum II, edited by J. H. Kramers. E. J. Brill, Leiden.§REF§§REF§Ibn Hawkal 1938-39 Surat al-ard. Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum II, edited by J. K. Kramers. 2nd ed. 2 vols, Leiden.§REF§" }, { "id": 72, "polity": { "id": 369, "name": "ir_jayarid_khanate", "long_name": "Jayarid Khanate", "start_year": 1336, "end_year": 1393 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Ana: Tabriz is considered the most important trading site, part of the silk route, and place of one of the biggest bazaars, unfortunately destroyed. \"During the rule of the Ilkhans, the city of Tabriz became the centre of imperial government and international trade, and a site for monumental architecture. Because of its administrative, economic and symbolic importance as the centre of Ilkhanid political authority, Tabriz remained the most important city in western Iran until the transfer of the Safavid capital to Qazvin in 955/1548. At the time of the conquests of Hülegü in Iran in the 650s/1250s, Tabriz was already an important city in the Mongol imperial administration. It became the site of the new central mint in 650 /1252–53, making it the financial centre of the entire Mongol empire. \" §REF§Wing, Patrick (2016) The Jalayirids: Dynastic State Formation in the Mongol Middle East. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh. p.79§REF§ \"One of the major reasons for the urban growth during Ghazan’s reign was probably the economic prosperity of the city as a centre of long-distance trade. The location of Tabriz on the east-west route that passed from Khurasan, through Qazvin, and into Anatolia to the Black Sea and Mediterranean ensured its importance as a centre for commercial traffic.\" §REF§Wing, Patrick (2016) The Jalayirids: Dynastic State Formation in the Mongol Middle East. Edinburgh University Press: Edinburgh. p.80§REF§" }, { "id": 73, "polity": { "id": 273, "name": "uz_kangju", "long_name": "Kangju", "start_year": -150, "end_year": 350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "unknown", "comment": "No data.", "description": null }, { "id": 74, "polity": { "id": 56, "name": "pa_cocle_3", "long_name": "Late Greater Coclé", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1515 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "absent", "comment": "Most trade appears to have taken place at chiefly centres such as Natá, under the control of the chief, rather than at peripheral or short-lived emporia. 'Sixteenth century accounts of Natá state that it served as an exchange center, where coastal inhabitants would trade fish and crabs for maize (Espinosa 1994a:49; Linares 1977:73) and cotton mantles were traded across the cordillera for gold ores (Oviedo 1944:VII:7). Oviedo (1944:VIII:23 in Linares 1977:73) remarked that the main items traded at Natá were salt, maize, salted fish, spun and unspun cotton, blankets, hammocks, and gold. Based on Espinosa's descriptions of extensive salt production facilities, abundant fisheries, and hunting grounds in Natá's territory, Linares (1977:73) proposes that Chief Natá \"controlled or had access to several micro-environments yielding products,\" which would be exploited by traders who then would exchange these products at Natá — a redistributive center (Espinosa 1994a:49). Trading outside of the chiefly territory might have been regulated through the chief himself (Linares 1977:73).' <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/555ASTE9\">[Haller 2004, p. 14]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 75, "polity": { "id": 530, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_a", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Early Postclassic", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "absent", "comment": "Sources only describe residential sites. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 76, "polity": { "id": 531, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_b", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Late Postclassic", "start_year": 1101, "end_year": 1520 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "absent", "comment": "Sources only describe residential sites. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 77, "polity": { "id": 206, "name": "dz_numidia", "long_name": "Numidia", "start_year": -220, "end_year": -46 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 78, "polity": { "id": 542, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4_copy", "long_name": "Yemen - Ottoman period", "start_year": 1873, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 79, "polity": { "id": 237, "name": "ml_songhai_1", "long_name": "Songhai Empire", "start_year": 1376, "end_year": 1493 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 80, "polity": { "id": 217, "name": "dz_tahert", "long_name": "Tahert", "start_year": 761, "end_year": 909 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"Al-Bakr I, drawing on the lost work of Mohammad b. YGsuf b.al-Warraq (d.973/4), described Tahart in the second half of the tenth century as possessing several busy markets, a great number of baths and surrounded by a wall pierced with several gates.\"§REF§Savage, E., 1990, Early medieval Ifriqiya, a reassessment of the Ibadiyya, pg.313§REF§§REF§Al-BakrI, Description de l'Afrioue septentrionale. trans. de Slane (Algiers, 1911):137-41.§REF§" }, { "id": 81, "polity": { "id": 271, "name": "ua_skythian_k_3", "long_name": "Third Scythian Kingdom", "start_year": -429, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "unknown", "comment": "No data.", "description": null }, { "id": 82, "polity": { "id": 516, "name": "eg_old_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2650, "end_year": -2350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": "\"Buhen was probably a major trading center with\r\nregions to the south, and seals of 4th- and 5th-Dynasty kings have been found there.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/LAA3TH5R\">[Bard 2015, p. 175]</a> There were also likely more ephemeral trading settlements in desert areas. \"Dakhla Oasis in the Western Desert was connected to major trade routes along desert\r\ntracks – east and north to the Nile Valley through Kharga Oasis, and south to Sudan. From\r\nthe 4th Dynasty there is evidence that Khufu and Djedefra both sent expeditions to the west\r\nof Dakhla, and at the eastern end of the oasis at Ayn Asil an administrative center for the Governor of the Oasis was established.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/LAA3TH5R\">[Bard 2015, pp. 174-175]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 83, "polity": { "id": 586, "name": "gb_england_norman", "long_name": "Norman England", "start_year": 1066, "end_year": 1153 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "P~A", "comment": "Earlier emporia like Hamwic and Lundenwic existed before the Norman period, reflecting short-lived and peripheral trade centers. Norman England’s trade infrastructure focused on established towns and marketplaces located within politically significant regions. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JLVS5BKW\">[Chibnall 1996]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JISXN2HM\">[Carpenter 2003]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 84, "polity": { "id": 798, "name": "de_east_francia", "long_name": "East Francia", "start_year": 842, "end_year": 919 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "present", "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 85, "polity": { "id": 510, "name": "eg_badarian", "long_name": "Badarian", "start_year": -4400, "end_year": -3800 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "uncoded", "comment": null, "description": "Unknown. Transportation by boats was very important in the Badarian culture, and there is also evidence for trade exchange§REF§Trigger, B. G. 1983. Ancient Egypt: A Social History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pg. 29.§REF§" }, { "id": 86, "polity": { "id": 424, "name": "cn_wei_dyn_warring_states", "long_name": "Early Wei Dynasty", "start_year": -445, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "uncoded", "comment": "Previously coded as present, but given lack of references and occasional confusion regarding these variables (now clearly defined as \"sites not associated with residential areas\"), safer to \"un-code\" them. EC", "description": null }, { "id": 87, "polity": { "id": 450, "name": "fr_hallstatt_b2_3", "long_name": "Hallstatt B2-3", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown AD: Hallstatt polities traded widely, but most settlements were relatively small. We could infer that trading took place in specific areas where people from several villages would converge (considering that 'town markets' as such wouldn't exist in the absence of towns)? However there does not seem to be archaeological evidence for such places yet.", "description": null }, { "id": 88, "polity": { "id": 451, "name": "fr_hallstatt_c", "long_name": "Hallstatt C", "start_year": -700, "end_year": -600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "uncoded", "comment": "AD: Hallstatt polities traded widely, but most settlements were relatively small. We could infer that trading took place in specific areas where people from several villages would converge (considering that 'town markets' as such wouldn't exist in the absence of towns)? However there does not seem to be archaeological evidence for such places yet.", "description": null }, { "id": 89, "polity": { "id": 511, "name": "eg_naqada_1", "long_name": "Naqada I", "start_year": -3800, "end_year": -3550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 90, "polity": { "id": 512, "name": "eg_naqada_2", "long_name": "Naqada II", "start_year": -3550, "end_year": -3300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 91, "polity": { "id": 166, "name": "tr_phrygian_k", "long_name": "Phrygian Kingdom", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -695 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 92, "polity": { "id": 440, "name": "mn_turk_khaganate_2", "long_name": "Second Turk Khaganate", "start_year": 682, "end_year": 744 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 93, "polity": { "id": 477, "name": "iq_ur_dyn_3", "long_name": "Ur - Dynasty III", "start_year": -2112, "end_year": -2004 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 94, "polity": { "id": 517, "name": "eg_old_k_2", "long_name": "Egypt - Late Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2350, "end_year": -2150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 95, "polity": { "id": 89, "name": "in_satavahana_emp", "long_name": "Satavahana Empire", "start_year": -100, "end_year": 200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Trading_emporia", "trading_emporia": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null } ] }