Precious Metal List
A viewset for viewing and editing Precious Metals.
GET /api/sc/precious-metals/?format=api&page=8
{ "count": 398, "next": null, "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/precious-metals/?format=api&page=7", "results": [ { "id": 352, "polity": { "id": 717, "name": "tz_early_tana_2", "long_name": "Early Tana 2", "start_year": 750, "end_year": 999 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "absent", "comment": "Not mentioned in Karin Pallaver's <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/C62TFXBJ\">[Pallaver_Wynne-Jones_LaViolette 2017]</a> comprehensive account of currency used along the Swahili coast between the eighth and nineteenth centuries CE.", "description": null }, { "id": 353, "polity": { "id": 429, "name": "mr_wagadu_1", "long_name": "Early Wagadu Empire", "start_year": 250, "end_year": 700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": null, "description": "At Koumbi Saleh \"occupied from the sixth to the eighteenth century\": \"Artifacts recovered from the site included many fragments of Mediterranean pottery, stones inscribed with Koranic verses and a number of glass weights so small in size they must have been used for weighing gold.\"§REF§(Reader 1998, 280)§REF§ \"Ancient Ghana was the first source of West African gold to be exploited by the trans-Saharan trade.\"§REF§(Reader 1998, 279)§REF§ \"D. Robert thinks that Awdaghurst may have been the source of the copper wire used as 'currency' in Ghana.\"§REF§(Devisse 1988, 422)§REF§" }, { "id": 354, "polity": { "id": 218, "name": "ma_idrisid_dyn", "long_name": "Idrisids", "start_year": 789, "end_year": 917 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": "Silver and gold.", "description": null }, { "id": 355, "polity": { "id": 273, "name": "uz_kangju", "long_name": "Kangju", "start_year": -150, "end_year": 350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "\"The Kangju traded goods with their C Asian neighbors, with China and Rome; thus they fully participated in SR trade; they even minted their own coins (Roudik 2007, 18). \"§REF§(Barisitz 2017, 37) Stephan Barisitz. 2017. Central Asia and the Silk Road: Economic Rise and Decline over Several Millennia. Springer International Publishing.§REF§ Quite possible" }, { "id": 356, "polity": { "id": 298, "name": "ru_kazan_khanate", "long_name": "Kazan Khanate", "start_year": 1438, "end_year": 1552 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "\"Kazan, the sizeable capital, which had a population of about 20,000, was the centre of the Volga trade, and was inhabited by Tatar merchants, craftsmen, clergymen and scholars.\"§REF§(Kappeler 2014, 25) Andreas Kappeler. Alfred Clayton trans. 2014. The Russian Empire: A Multi-ethnic History. Routledge. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 357, "polity": { "id": 241, "name": "ao_kongo_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Congo", "start_year": 1491, "end_year": 1568 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": null, "description": "nzimbu shells were stored at the capital. \"royal officers closely monitored this precious currency, which could even buy gold and silver.\"§REF§(Gondola 2002, 30) Ch Didier Gondola. 2002. The History of Congo. Greenwood Publishing Group. Westport.§REF§" }, { "id": 358, "polity": { "id": 290, "name": "ge_georgia_k_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Georgia II", "start_year": 975, "end_year": 1243 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 359, "polity": { "id": 56, "name": "pa_cocle_3", "long_name": "Late Greater Coclé", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1515 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "Precious metals (gold and tumbaga, an alloy of copper and gold) were used to create elaborate ornaments, but did these objects serve as a medium of exchange? <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/FCM2EVGT\">[Hoopes_Peregrine_Ember 2001, p. 242]</a> I have left this variable uncoded for now.", "description": null }, { "id": 360, "polity": { "id": 815, "name": "es_castile_crown", "long_name": "Crown of Castile", "start_year": 1231, "end_year": 1515 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": null, "description": "“A few charters between 1113 and 1120 mention moneda de medietate or coins of half silver and moneda de tercia, that is coins of only one-third silver.” §REF§Todesca, James, “The Crown Renewed: The Administrative Coinage of Leon-Castille\", The Emergence of Leon Castille c 1065-1500, pg. 22§REF§" }, { "id": 361, "polity": { "id": 212, "name": "sd_makuria_k_1", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom I", "start_year": 568, "end_year": 618 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 362, "polity": { "id": 215, "name": "sd_makuria_k_2", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom II", "start_year": 619, "end_year": 849 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Makurian traders \"sold ivory to Byzantium and copper and gold to Ethiopia.\"§REF§(Michalowski 1990, 189) K Michalowski. The Spreading of Christianity in Nubia. Muḥammad Jamal al-Din Mokhtar. ed. 1990. UNESCO General History of Africa. Vol. II. Abridged Edition. James Currey. UNESCO. California.§REF§ \"In Upper Nubia throughout the medieval period, as in most other periods of its history, there was no currency and, therefore, all trade was achieved by barter.\"§REF§(Welsby 2002, 203) Derek A Welsby. 2002. The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia. Pagans, Christians and Muslims along the Middle Nile. The British Museum Press. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 363, "polity": { "id": 219, "name": "sd_makuria_k_3", "long_name": "Makuria Kingdom III", "start_year": 850, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Makurian traders \"sold ivory to Byzantium and copper and gold to Ethiopia.\"§REF§(Michalowski 1990, 189) K Michalowski. The Spreading of Christianity in Nubia. Muḥammad Jamal al-Din Mokhtar. ed. 1990. UNESCO General History of Africa. Vol. II. Abridged Edition. James Currey. UNESCO. California.§REF§ \"In Upper Nubia throughout the medieval period, as in most other periods of its history, there was no currency and, therefore, all trade was achieved by barter.\"§REF§(Welsby 2002, 203) Derek A Welsby. 2002. The Medieval Kingdoms of Nubia. Pagans, Christians and Muslims along the Middle Nile. The British Museum Press. London.§REF§" }, { "id": 364, "polity": { "id": 383, "name": "my_malacca_sultanate", "long_name": "Malacca Sultanate", "start_year": 1396, "end_year": 1511 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"In all trading-transactions tin was the currency or standard of value.\".§REF§(Wilkinson 1935, 26) R J Wilkinson. 1935. The Malacca Sultanate. Malacca Papers. Journal Malayan Branch. Vol. XIII. Part II.§REF§ Tin was smelted \"into small blocks weighing one catty eight taels or one catty four taels official weight\".§REF§(Wilkinson 1935, 26) R J Wilkinson. 1935. The Malacca Sultanate. Malacca Papers. Journal Malayan Branch. Vol. XIII. Part II.§REF§" }, { "id": 365, "polity": { "id": 209, "name": "ma_mauretania", "long_name": "Mauretania", "start_year": -125, "end_year": 44 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": "Gold trade with West African states?", "description": null }, { "id": 366, "polity": { "id": 55, "name": "pa_cocle_2", "long_name": "Middle Greater Coclé", "start_year": 700, "end_year": 1000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "Precious metals (gold and tumbaga, an alloy of copper and gold) were used to create elaborate ornaments, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6ERS93SR\">[Hoopes_Peregrine_Ember 2001, p. 103]</a> but did these objects serve as a medium of exchange? I have left this variable uncoded for now.", "description": null }, { "id": 367, "polity": { "id": 530, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_a", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Early Postclassic", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "absent", "comment": "Sources do not suggest that monetary items have been found dating to this period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 368, "polity": { "id": 531, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_b", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Late Postclassic", "start_year": 1101, "end_year": 1520 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "absent", "comment": "Sources do not suggest that monetary items have been found dating to this period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 369, "polity": { "id": 313, "name": "ru_novgorod_land", "long_name": "Novgorod Land", "start_year": 880, "end_year": 1240 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"In the pre-Kievan era cattle and furs had served as mediums of exchange and foreign coins had also been used. In the Kievan centuries metallic money came into general use. Coins were minted from the first half of the eleventh century on into the first quarter of the next century. Small silver bars were also used, and foreign coins had wide circulation.\"§REF§(Blum 1971, 15) Jerome Blum. 1971. Lord and Peasant in Russia. From the Ninth to the Nineteenth Century. Princeton. Princeton University Press.§REF§" }, { "id": 370, "polity": { "id": 206, "name": "dz_numidia", "long_name": "Numidia", "start_year": -220, "end_year": -46 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": null, "description": "The Numidian king was wealthy in gold and silver.§REF§(Mommsen 1863, 150, 156) Theodore Mommsen. William P Dickson trans. 2009 (1863). The History of Rome. Volume 3. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§" }, { "id": 371, "polity": { "id": 542, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4_copy", "long_name": "Yemen - Ottoman period", "start_year": 1873, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "absent", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 372, "polity": { "id": 237, "name": "ml_songhai_1", "long_name": "Songhai Empire", "start_year": 1376, "end_year": 1493 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": "Gold.", "description": null }, { "id": 373, "polity": { "id": 380, "name": "th_sukhotai", "long_name": "Sukhotai", "start_year": 1238, "end_year": 1419 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": null, "description": "1292 CE inscription reads 'they lead their cattle to trade or ride their horses to sell; whoever wants to trade in elephants, does so; whoever wants to trade in horses, does so; whoever wants to trade in silver and gold, does so.'§REF§(Wicks 1992, 172) Robert S Wicks. Money, Markets, And Trade In Early Southeast Asia. The Development of Indigenous Monetary Systems To AD 1400. Cornell Southeast Asia Program Publications.§REF§" }, { "id": 374, "polity": { "id": 217, "name": "dz_tahert", "long_name": "Tahert", "start_year": 761, "end_year": 909 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Taxes could be paid in gold: \"Yablb b. Zalghln al-Mazatl was a contemporary of the second Rustumid imam, cAbd al-Wahhab ibn Rustam and was a very wealthy man. According to al-Shammakhl, he owned 12,000 donkeys, 30,000 camels, and three million sheep. The imam is quoted as saying that had it not been for the tax paid in gold by himself, the agricultural products paid in by another wealthy Ibadi and the tax in cattle paid by Yablb b.Zalghln, the treasury of Tahart would have crashed.\"§REF§T.Lewicki, \"The Ibadites in North Africa and the Sudan to the fourteenth century,\" JWH 13 (1) (1971):107. al-Shammakhl citation pgs.204-5.§REF§§REF§Savage, E., 1990, Early medieval Ifriqiya, a reassessment of the Ibadiyya, pp.230§REF§" }, { "id": 375, "polity": { "id": 271, "name": "ua_skythian_k_3", "long_name": "Third Scythian Kingdom", "start_year": -429, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "unknown", "comment": "No data.", "description": null }, { "id": 376, "polity": { "id": 230, "name": "dz_tlemcen", "long_name": "Tlemcen", "start_year": 1235, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"Its main asset was the city of Tlemcen, which had replaced Tahart as the main commerical entrepot of the central Maghrib. It was located where the important north-south route, running from Oran (Wahran) to the Saharan oases and further south to the Sudan, crossed the west-east axis between Fez and Ifrikiya\".§REF§(Hrbek 1984, 94) I Hrbek. The disintegration of political unity in the Maghrib. Djibril Tamsir Niane. ed. 1984. Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. UNESCO. Heinemann. California.§REF§ This was the gold route." }, { "id": 377, "polity": { "id": 279, "name": "kz_yueban", "long_name": "Yueban", "start_year": 350, "end_year": 450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "The Yueban were part of northern Xiongnu, who inhabited in the upper Hi River during the fourth and fifth centuries.\"§REF§(Li and Hansen 2003, 63) Jian Li. Valerie Hansen. 2003. The glory of the silk road: art from ancient China. The Dayton Art Institute.§REF§ \"From limited references in the Beishi (Northern histories) and the Weishu (History of the Wei), we know that the Yueban had a well-developed kingdom, with a population of two hundred thousand that spanned thousands of kilometers, in the area north of Kucha.\"§REF§(Li and Hansen 2003, 63) Jian Li. Valerie Hansen. 2003. The glory of the silk road: art from ancient China. The Dayton Art Institute.§REF§" }, { "id": 378, "polity": { "id": 227, "name": "et_zagwe", "long_name": "Zagwe", "start_year": 1137, "end_year": 1269 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 379, "polity": { "id": 222, "name": "tn_zirid_dyn", "long_name": "Zirids", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1148 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": "Gold from Sudan.", "description": null }, { "id": 380, "polity": { "id": 586, "name": "gb_england_norman", "long_name": "Norman England", "start_year": 1066, "end_year": 1153 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": "While coins were the dominant form of money, non-coined silver and gold were also used as forms of wealth and exchange in Norman England. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/MXKV3EU2\">[webpage_Home | Domesday Book]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JISXN2HM\">[Carpenter 2003]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 381, "polity": { "id": 798, "name": "de_east_francia", "long_name": "East Francia", "start_year": 842, "end_year": 919 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": "Silver and gold were used as mediums of exchange and stores of value. These were often weighed and traded directly in transactions, particularly when coinage was scarce or unavailable. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NMB5X3WI\">[McCormick 2001]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 382, "polity": { "id": 177, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire IV", "start_year": 1839, "end_year": 1922 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "present", "comment": "Uncoined gold and silver were frequently used in long-distance trade or to settle debts, especially in international transactions where local coins were not accepted. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/V4URRFJX\">[Pamuk 2003]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 383, "polity": { "id": 21, "name": "us_hawaii_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period", "start_year": 1820, "end_year": 1898 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "absent", "comment": "Pre-contact Hawaiian society operated on a barter and redistribution system without a tradition of using precious metals for exchange. After Western contact, the Hawaiian economy transitioned directly to the use of coined money <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ST8ANNS2\">[Kuykendall 1997]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 384, "polity": { "id": 92, "name": "in_badami_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Badami", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 753 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 385, "polity": { "id": 86, "name": "in_deccan_ia", "long_name": "Deccan - Iron Age", "start_year": -1200, "end_year": -300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown. Gold and silver mining?", "description": null }, { "id": 386, "polity": { "id": 421, "name": "cn_erlitou", "long_name": "Erlitou", "start_year": -1850, "end_year": -1600 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 387, "polity": { "id": 91, "name": "in_kadamba_emp", "long_name": "Kadamba Empire", "start_year": 345, "end_year": 550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 388, "polity": { "id": 49, "name": "id_kediri_k", "long_name": "Kediri Kingdom", "start_year": 1049, "end_year": 1222 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 389, "polity": { "id": 288, "name": "mn_khitan_1", "long_name": "Khitan I", "start_year": 907, "end_year": 1125 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": null, "description": "unknown §REF§(Kradin 2015, personal communication)§REF§" }, { "id": 390, "polity": { "id": 179, "name": "it_latium_ba", "long_name": "Latium - Bronze Age", "start_year": -1800, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "probably unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 391, "polity": { "id": 180, "name": "it_latium_ia", "long_name": "Latium - Iron Age", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -580 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "probably unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 392, "polity": { "id": 169, "name": "tr_lysimachus_k", "long_name": "Lysimachus Kingdom", "start_year": -323, "end_year": -281 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 393, "polity": { "id": 166, "name": "tr_phrygian_k", "long_name": "Phrygian Kingdom", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -695 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 394, "polity": { "id": 51, "name": "id_mataram_k", "long_name": "Mataram Sultanate", "start_year": 1568, "end_year": 1755 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 395, "polity": { "id": 48, "name": "id_medang_k", "long_name": "Medang Kingdom", "start_year": 732, "end_year": 1019 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 396, "polity": { "id": 188, "name": "it_st_peter_rep_1", "long_name": "Republic of St Peter I", "start_year": 752, "end_year": 904 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 397, "polity": { "id": 181, "name": "it_roman_k", "long_name": "Roman Kingdom", "start_year": -716, "end_year": -509 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 398, "polity": { "id": 130, "name": "ir_sassanid_emp_2", "long_name": "Sasanid Empire II", "start_year": 488, "end_year": 642 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 399, "polity": { "id": 89, "name": "in_satavahana_emp", "long_name": "Satavahana Empire", "start_year": -100, "end_year": 200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Precious_metal", "precious_metal": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null } ] }