Mnemonic Device List
A viewset for viewing and editing Mnemonic Devices.
GET /api/sc/mnemonic-devices/?format=api&page=5
{ "count": 243, "next": null, "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/mnemonic-devices/?format=api&page=4", "results": [ { "id": 202, "polity": { "id": 600, "name": "ru_romanov_dyn_1", "long_name": "Russian Empire, Romanov Dynasty I", "start_year": 1614, "end_year": 1775 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "present", "comment": null, "description": "" }, { "id": 203, "polity": { "id": 250, "name": "cn_qin_emp", "long_name": "Qin Empire", "start_year": -338, "end_year": -207 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "present", "comment": "The earliest known written documentation of the Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BC <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TJJWBTE5\">[Ifrah 2001]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 204, "polity": { "id": 423, "name": "cn_eastern_zhou_warring_states", "long_name": "Eastern Zhou", "start_year": -475, "end_year": -256 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 205, "polity": { "id": 506, "name": "gr_macedonian_emp", "long_name": "Macedonian Empire", "start_year": -330, "end_year": -312 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "present", "comment": null, "description": "§REF§Tsamis, Vasileios. 2010. \"Layers of Memory: An Embodied Approach to the Late Bronze Age of Central Macedonia, Greece.\" Pp. 103-22 in Material mnemonics: everyday memory in prehistoric Europe: Oxbow Books.§REF§" }, { "id": 206, "polity": { "id": 710, "name": "tz_tana", "long_name": "Classic Tana", "start_year": 1000, "end_year": 1498 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "unknown", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 207, "polity": { "id": 223, "name": "ma_almoravid_dyn", "long_name": "Almoravids", "start_year": 1035, "end_year": 1150 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "present", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 208, "polity": { "id": 246, "name": "cn_chu_dyn_spring_autumn", "long_name": "Chu Kingdom - Spring and Autumn Period", "start_year": -740, "end_year": -489 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown. The earliest known written documentation of the Chinese abacus dates to the 2nd century BC <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TJJWBTE5\">[Ifrah 2001]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 209, "polity": { "id": 249, "name": "cn_chu_k_warring_states", "long_name": "Chu Kingdom - Warring States Period", "start_year": -488, "end_year": -223 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 210, "polity": { "id": 326, "name": "it_sicily_k_2", "long_name": "Kingdom of Sicily - Hohenstaufen and Angevin dynasties", "start_year": 1194, "end_year": 1281 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "present", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 211, "polity": { "id": 530, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_a", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Early Postclassic", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1099 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "absent", "comment": "Detailed documentation was written in Spanish after the Late Postclassic. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 212, "polity": { "id": 531, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_b", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Late Postclassic", "start_year": 1101, "end_year": 1520 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "absent", "comment": "Detailed documentation was written in Spanish after the end of this period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 213, "polity": { "id": 542, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4_copy", "long_name": "Yemen - Ottoman period", "start_year": 1873, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "absent", "comment": "No information on mnemonic devices as been found so far.", "description": null }, { "id": 214, "polity": { "id": 237, "name": "ml_songhai_1", "long_name": "Songhai Empire", "start_year": 1376, "end_year": 1493 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "present", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 215, "polity": { "id": 586, "name": "gb_england_norman", "long_name": "Norman England", "start_year": 1066, "end_year": 1153 }, "year_from": 1100, "year_to": 1153, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "present", "comment": "The earliest documented use of tally sticks in England dates to 1100, during the reign of Henry I. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JLVS5BKW\">[Chibnall 1996]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/HBVV8PDK\">[Clanchy 1993]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 216, "polity": { "id": 798, "name": "de_east_francia", "long_name": "East Francia", "start_year": 842, "end_year": 919 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "present", "comment": "Tallies were used as mnemonic devices in East Francia for recording transactions, taxes, and dues. These were typically simple wooden sticks with notches representing amounts owed or paid. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/KRMFMUJ6\">[Kuchenbuch 2002]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 217, "polity": { "id": 177, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire IV", "start_year": 1839, "end_year": 1922 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "present", "comment": "Trade and Taxation: Informal tallies and counters (e.g., notched sticks, stones, or abacuses) were used in marketplaces and by tax collectors. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4PIUWZWW\">[Faroqhi_Faroqhi 2013]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 218, "polity": { "id": 21, "name": "us_hawaii_k", "long_name": "Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period", "start_year": 1820, "end_year": 1898 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "present", "comment": "In Hawai‘i, string figures are known as hei. Hawaiians, both adults and children, created these\r\nfigures from images they observed in nature. The string figure was created using cordage\r\nas the player would oli, telling the story of each hei. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QT8DN5BS\">[Daws 1997]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 219, "polity": { "id": 92, "name": "in_badami_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Badami", "start_year": 543, "end_year": 753 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 220, "polity": { "id": 94, "name": "in_kalyani_chalukya_emp", "long_name": "Chalukyas of Kalyani", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1189 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 221, "polity": { "id": 85, "name": "in_deccan_nl", "long_name": "Deccan - Neolithic", "start_year": -2700, "end_year": -1200 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 222, "polity": { "id": 182, "name": "it_roman_rep_1", "long_name": "Early Roman Republic", "start_year": -509, "end_year": -264 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 223, "polity": { "id": 424, "name": "cn_wei_dyn_warring_states", "long_name": "Early Wei Dynasty", "start_year": -445, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 224, "polity": { "id": 422, "name": "cn_erligang", "long_name": "Erligang", "start_year": -1650, "end_year": -1250 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 225, "polity": { "id": 245, "name": "cn_jin_spring_and_autumn", "long_name": "Jin", "start_year": -780, "end_year": -404 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 226, "polity": { "id": 47, "name": "id_kalingga_k", "long_name": "Kalingga Kingdom", "start_year": 500, "end_year": 732 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 227, "polity": { "id": 179, "name": "it_latium_ba", "long_name": "Latium - Bronze Age", "start_year": -1800, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "probably unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 228, "polity": { "id": 178, "name": "it_latium_ca", "long_name": "Latium - Copper Age", "start_year": -3600, "end_year": -1800 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "probably unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 229, "polity": { "id": 180, "name": "it_latium_ia", "long_name": "Latium - Iron Age", "start_year": -1000, "end_year": -580 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "probably unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 230, "polity": { "id": 420, "name": "cn_longshan", "long_name": "Longshan", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -1900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 231, "polity": { "id": 169, "name": "tr_lysimachus_k", "long_name": "Lysimachus Kingdom", "start_year": -323, "end_year": -281 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 232, "polity": { "id": 384, "name": "in_mahajanapada", "long_name": "Mahajanapada era", "start_year": -600, "end_year": -324 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown. There is no evidence to suggest the presence or absence of mnemonic devices during this time.", "description": null }, { "id": 233, "polity": { "id": 161, "name": "tr_central_anatolia_mba", "long_name": "Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia", "start_year": -2000, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 234, "polity": { "id": 523, "name": "mx_san_jose", "long_name": "Oaxaca - San Jose", "start_year": -1150, "end_year": -700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown. The first written records in the Valley of Oaxaca are from the Rosario phase (700-500 BCE). <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZNCR3XRZ\">[Flannery_Marcus 1983]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/BILCH2TL\">[Marcus_Flannery 1996]</a> Written records are therefore coded as absent for this period.", "description": null }, { "id": 235, "polity": { "id": 166, "name": "tr_phrygian_k", "long_name": "Phrygian Kingdom", "start_year": -900, "end_year": -695 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 236, "polity": { "id": 171, "name": "tr_rum_sultanate", "long_name": "Rum Sultanate", "start_year": 1077, "end_year": 1307 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 237, "polity": { "id": 436, "name": "co_tairona", "long_name": "Tairona", "start_year": 1050, "end_year": 1524 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "Some archaeological and historical data seem to indicate that there were astronomical observations from temples or other fixed points. \"Algunos datos históricos y arqueológicos parecen indicar la observación astronómica desde templos u otros puntos fijos.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/2TKDVRGN\">[Reichel-Dolmatoff 2016]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 238, "polity": { "id": 244, "name": "cn_western_zhou_dyn", "long_name": "Western Zhou", "start_year": -1122, "end_year": -771 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 239, "polity": { "id": 419, "name": "cn_yangshao", "long_name": "Yangshao", "start_year": -5000, "end_year": -3000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 240, "polity": { "id": 137, "name": "af_durrani_emp", "long_name": "Durrani Empire", "start_year": 1747, "end_year": 1826 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "The Pashtun language was used, as well as Persian. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DDUUBUEV\">[Adle_Habib_Baipakov 2003, p. 711]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 241, "polity": { "id": 127, "name": "af_kushan_emp", "long_name": "Kushan Empire", "start_year": 35, "end_year": 319 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown. General reference for writing system: <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6NXVWHDK\">[Harmatta_Puri_Etemadi 1994, pp. 407-422]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 242, "polity": { "id": 93, "name": "in_rashtrakuta_emp", "long_name": "Rashtrakuta Empire", "start_year": 753, "end_year": 973 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 243, "polity": { "id": 188, "name": "it_st_peter_rep_1", "long_name": "Republic of St Peter I", "start_year": 752, "end_year": 904 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "use of mnemonic devices in Latin instruction in the late Middle Ages.", "description": null }, { "id": 244, "polity": { "id": 181, "name": "it_roman_k", "long_name": "Roman Kingdom", "start_year": -716, "end_year": -509 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Mnemonic_device", "mnemonic_device": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null } ] }