Knowledge Or Information Building List
A viewset for viewing and editing Knowledge or Information Buildings.
GET /api/sc/knowledge-or-information-buildings/?format=api&page=3
{ "count": 127, "next": null, "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/knowledge-or-information-buildings/?format=api&page=2", "results": [ { "id": 101, "polity": { "id": 301, "name": "uz_shaybanid_k", "long_name": "Shaybanid Kingdom", "start_year": 1500, "end_year": 1598 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": "Public schools.<br> Transport infrastructure", "description": null }, { "id": 102, "polity": { "id": 237, "name": "ml_songhai_1", "long_name": "Songhai Empire", "start_year": 1376, "end_year": 1493 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "absent", "comment": "Askia Daud (r.1549-1582 CE) \"was widely praised for memorizing the Quran and for supporting learning and religion. As part of this support, he is said to have established public libraries in his kingdom.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/4YF5GBBK\">[Conrad 2010, p. 69]</a> Transport infrastructure", "description": null }, { "id": 103, "polity": { "id": 259, "name": "cn_southern_qi_dyn", "long_name": "Southern Qi State", "start_year": 479, "end_year": 502 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"Ren Fang was an imperial librarian for the southern Qi # (479–502) and Liang # (502–557) dynasties and lived in Jiankang #F# (now Nanjing ##). Yin Jun was his assistant.\"§REF§(Fischer 2012, 182) Paul Fischer trans. ed. 2012. Shizi. China's First Syncretist. Columbia University Press. New York.§REF§<br>Southern Qi general Xiao Yan as Liang Wudi of the Southern Liang \"built five new Confucian schools for the training of young officials\", which suggests that some older ones already existed.§REF§(Bauer 2010, 166) Susan Wise Bauer. 2010. The History of the Medieval World: From the Conversion of Constantine to the First Crusade. W W Norton & Company. New York.§REF§" }, { "id": 104, "polity": { "id": 380, "name": "th_sukhotai", "long_name": "Sukhotai", "start_year": 1238, "end_year": 1419 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"That first millennium CE Southeast Asians were also literate is suggested by Chinese emissaries who describe libraries of texts.\"§REF§(Stark 2015, 76) Miriam T Stark. Southeast Asian urbanism: from early city to Classical state. Norman Yoffee. ed. 2015. he Cambridge World History, Volume 3. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.§REF§<br>\"in the 1300's Sukhothai kings petitioned for and received a delegation of Buddhist monks from Sri Lanka to rectify local practises and texts, thus strengthening the kingdom with merit and auspicious influences.\"§REF§(Hanks 1976, 1) L M Hanks. An Introduction to Land, Population and Structure: Three Guises of the Man-Land Ratio. James Brow ed. Contributions To Asian Studies. Volume 9. Population Land And Structural Change In Sri Lanka And Thailand. E J BRILL. Leiden.§REF§" }, { "id": 105, "polity": { "id": 217, "name": "dz_tahert", "long_name": "Tahert", "start_year": 761, "end_year": 909 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": "Archives buildings?", "description": null }, { "id": 106, "polity": { "id": 271, "name": "ua_skythian_k_3", "long_name": "Third Scythian Kingdom", "start_year": -429, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "In the Greek city of Olbia which was run directly by Scythian administrators the Scythians may have maintained an archive building.§REF§(Burstein 2010, 142) Stanley H Burstein. The Greek Cities of the Black Sea. Konrad H Kinzi. 2010. A Companion to the Classical Greek World. Wiley-Blackwell.§REF§<br>As far back as the 6th century BCE individuals within the Scythian urban agricultural population along the shores of the Black Sea who had mixed with the Greeks became literate and contributed works of literature within the Greek language. \"Anacharsis the Scythian had a Greek mother and spoke and wrote in Greek.\"§REF§(Beckwith 2009, 75) Christopher I Beckwith. 2009. Empires of the Silk Road. A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present. Princeton University Press. Princeton.§REF§ For individuals to reach this high level of education there presumably must have been storage rooms for works of literature." }, { "id": 107, "polity": { "id": 230, "name": "dz_tlemcen", "long_name": "Tlemcen", "start_year": 1235, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Ibn Khaldun wrote \"Here [in Tlemcen] science and arts developed with success; here were born scholars and outstanding men, whose glory penetrated into other countries.\"§REF§(Hrbek 1984, 95) I Hrbek. The disintegration of political unity in the Maghrib. Djibril Tamsir Niane. ed. 1984. Africa from the Twelfth to the Sixteenth Century. UNESCO. Heinemann. California.§REF§" }, { "id": 108, "polity": { "id": 240, "name": "ma_wattasid_dyn", "long_name": "Wattasid", "start_year": 1465, "end_year": 1554 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "The preceding polity, the Merenids, endowed colleges called medersas.§REF§(Ellingham et al 2010, 570) Mark Ellingham. Daniel Jacobs. Hamish Brown. Shaun McVeigh. 2010. The Rough Guide to Morocco. Dorling Kindersley Ltd.§REF§ Madrassas?<br>\"Like the Marinids, the Wattasids also encouraged education and culture.\"§REF§(Boum and Park 2016, 489) Aomar Boum. Thomas K Park. 2016. Historical Dictionary of Morocco. Rowman & Littlefield.§REF§" }, { "id": 109, "polity": { "id": 291, "name": "cn_xixia", "long_name": "Xixia", "start_year": 1032, "end_year": 1227 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"Xixia was prosperous ... and rich in culture and education.\"§REF§(? 2006, 178) ? 2006. China Tibetology. Issues 6-11. Office for the Journal China Tibetology.§REF§" }, { "id": 110, "polity": { "id": 408, "name": "in_yadava_dyn", "long_name": "Yadava Dynasty", "start_year": 1190, "end_year": 1318 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": "Most notably, the astronomy college founded by Changaladeva at Patana, in Khandesh <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/C9KNTRET\">[Sreenivasa_Murthy_Ramakrishnan 1978, p. 111]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 111, "polity": { "id": 279, "name": "kz_yueban", "long_name": "Yueban", "start_year": 350, "end_year": 450 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "unknown", "comment": null, "description": "The Yueban were part of northern Xiongnu, who inhabited in the upper Hi River during the fourth and fifth centuries.\"§REF§(Li and Hansen 2003, 63) Jian Li. Valerie Hansen. 2003. The glory of the silk road: art from ancient China. The Dayton Art Institute.§REF§ \"From limited references in the Beishi (Northern histories) and the Weishu (History of the Wei), we know that the Yueban had a well-developed kingdom, with a population of two hundred thousand that spanned thousands of kilometers, in the area north of Kucha.\"§REF§(Li and Hansen 2003, 63) Jian Li. Valerie Hansen. 2003. The glory of the silk road: art from ancient China. The Dayton Art Institute.§REF§" }, { "id": 112, "polity": { "id": 227, "name": "et_zagwe", "long_name": "Zagwe", "start_year": 1137, "end_year": 1269 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "\"The Zagwe dynasty produced no coinage, inscriptions, or apparently even chronicles.\"§REF§(Shinn and Ofcansky 2013, 433) David H Shinn. Thomas P Ofcansky. 2013. Historical Dictionary of Ethiopia. 2nd Edition. Scarecrow Press. Lanham.§REF§ However the churches used a script - this refers only to government records? \"The Zagwe rulers gave continuity to Aksumite state structure, Christianity, and the use of the Geez language.\"§REF§(Getahun and Kassu 2014, 9) Solomon Addis Getahun. Wudu Tafete Kassu. 2014. Culture and Customs of Ethiopia. ABC-CLIO. Santa Barbara.§REF§ \"The Amharic language developed as a court language during the Zagwe period. Several books were also translated into the Geez language. There are also Geez engravings in the walls of the churches of Lalibela.\"§REF§(Getahun and Kassu 2014, 9) Solomon Addis Getahun. Wudu Tafete Kassu. 2014. Culture and Customs of Ethiopia. ABC-CLIO. Santa Barbara.§REF§ A few documents attributed to the dynasty include those of King Lalibala (c. 1185-1225 CE) and his sucessor Naakkweto Laab (d. c.1250 CE).§REF§(Bausi 2017, 108) Alessandro Bausi. The Zagwe. Siegbert Uhlig. David L Appleyard. Steven Kaplan. Alessandro Bausi. Wolfgang Hahn. eds. 2017. Ethiopia: History, Culture and Challenges. Michigan State University Press. East Lansing.§REF§" }, { "id": 113, "polity": { "id": 222, "name": "tn_zirid_dyn", "long_name": "Zirids", "start_year": 973, "end_year": 1148 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": null, "description": "Under fifth ruler Tamim the coastal city of Mahdia became \"one of the great cultural centers of medieval North Africa.\"§REF§(? 2012, 503) ? . Tamim Ibn Al-Mu'izz Ibn Badis. Emmanuel K Akyeampong. Henry Louis Gates Jr. eds. 2012. Dictionary of African Biography: Abach - Brand, Volume 1. Oxford University Press. Oxford.§REF§" }, { "id": 114, "polity": { "id": 516, "name": "eg_old_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2650, "end_year": -2350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "IFR", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": "It appears that no buildings identifiable as libraries, archives or other public information buildings survive from this period. However, indirect evidence points to their existence. Webb writes: \"Redford (1986, 96) traces the evolution of annals,\r\nprobably written on papyrus, from the Old Kingdom\r\n(2686−2160 B.C.) − where they existed as a means of recording the significant events of Pharaoh’s reign – through to the New Kingdom (1550−1069 B.C.) when the term begins to be used more generally as a reference to either mythological texts relating events in primordial times, or to any inscription aiming to record events for prosperity.\r\nThe fact that these annals were recorded at all undoubtedly implies that they were written with the intention of being preserved for later consultation. By definition, then, some means of storage facility was required for these important documents, a 'library' or 'archive.'\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/PBUCVK2Z\">[Webb 2013, p. 22]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 116, "polity": { "id": 586, "name": "gb_england_norman", "long_name": "Norman England", "start_year": 1066, "end_year": 1153 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "absent", "comment": "Norman England lacked dedicated institutions such as libraries, museums, or observatories specifically constructed for the purpose of knowledge preservation, education, or scientific research. While monasteries served as repositories of knowledge, these were not standalone buildings constructed for knowledge purposes. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/EJGRUCQQ\">[Brooke_Swaan 1974]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JLVS5BKW\">[Chibnall 1996]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 117, "polity": { "id": 798, "name": "de_east_francia", "long_name": "East Francia", "start_year": 842, "end_year": 919 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": "Monasteries, such as St. Gall and Fulda, housed significant libraries. These libraries contained religious texts, classical works, and administrative records. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/GI5MI52S\">[Riché 1993]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 118, "polity": { "id": 177, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4", "long_name": "Ottoman Empire IV", "start_year": 1839, "end_year": 1922 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "present", "comment": "Köprülü Library: \r\n\r\nfounded by Ottoman Grand Vizier Köprülü Mehmed Pasha in 1678. It was the first public library in the Middle East <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/QMZIEDDG\">[Oswald 2017]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/YU4JWA9B\">[İnalcık 2002]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 119, "polity": { "id": 49, "name": "id_kediri_k", "long_name": "Kediri Kingdom", "start_year": 1049, "end_year": 1222 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "uncoded", "comment": "associated with government and temples", "description": null }, { "id": 120, "polity": { "id": 466, "name": "uz_koktepe_2", "long_name": "Koktepe II", "start_year": -750, "end_year": -550 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "uncoded", "comment": "A possibility since administrative institutions use and store documents: \"Reflecting the major social and political development of the region, this monumental architecture is evidence of a strong local state organization. The inner buildings of these courtyards are at present difficult to reconstruct. Although this question has still to be resolved, it would seem that the courtyards of Koktepe housed earlier religious and administrative institutions.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/5PR5E7DS\">[Rapin_Cribb_Herrmann 2007, p. 35]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 121, "polity": { "id": 160, "name": "tr_konya_eba", "long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age", "start_year": -3000, "end_year": -2000 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 122, "polity": { "id": 229, "name": "ml_mali_emp", "long_name": "Mali Empire", "start_year": 1230, "end_year": 1410 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown. Government archives?", "description": null }, { "id": 123, "polity": { "id": 161, "name": "tr_central_anatolia_mba", "long_name": "Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia", "start_year": -2000, "end_year": -1700 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown bureaucrats present. can we infer they had an archival building?", "description": null }, { "id": 124, "polity": { "id": 532, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5", "long_name": "Monte Alban V", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1520 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown. There is no evidence for specific knowledge or information buildings during this period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 125, "polity": { "id": 359, "name": "ye_ziyad_dyn", "long_name": "Yemen Ziyadid Dynasty", "start_year": 822, "end_year": 1037 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "uncoded", "comment": "Unclear whether the following refers to this period. Ibn Zayad brought at-Taghlabi from Baghdad to found an Islamic university that had over 5,000 students in the Rasulid era (1229-1454), but it declined under Tahirid rule (1454-1526). <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/JIS8RRND\">[Starkey_Netton 2013, p. 655]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 126, "polity": { "id": 266, "name": "cn_later_great_jin", "long_name": "Jin Dynasty", "start_year": 1115, "end_year": 1234 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 127, "polity": { "id": 50, "name": "id_majapahit_k", "long_name": "Majapahit Kingdom", "start_year": 1292, "end_year": 1518 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "uncoded", "comment": "Literature culture used books for government, religious and law purposes.", "description": null }, { "id": 128, "polity": { "id": 254, "name": "cn_western_jin_dyn", "long_name": "Western Jin", "start_year": 265, "end_year": 317 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Knowledge_or_information_building", "knowledge_or_information_building": "uncoded", "comment": null, "description": "The following quotes don't make direct references to actual physical buildings, and are therefore not sufficient to code this variable as present.<br>Jijiu \"president of the National Academy (guozi xue). §REF§(Xiong 2009, 254)§REF§<br>Lushi canjun: \"supervising administrator, in charge of official documents in a generalissimo's headquarters, princely administration, prefectural or commandery government, etc.\"§REF§(Xiong 2009, 349)§REF§" } ] }