Enclosure List
A viewset for viewing and editing Enclosures.
GET /api/sc/enclosures/?format=api&page=2
{ "count": 67, "next": null, "previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/sc/enclosures/?format=api", "results": [ { "id": 52, "polity": { "id": 531, "name": "mx_monte_alban_5_b", "long_name": "Monte Alban V Late Postclassic", "start_year": 1101, "end_year": 1520 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "absent", "comment": "Sources only describe residential sites. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/SHF4S8D7\">[Flannery_Marcus 1996]</a>", "description": null }, { "id": 53, "polity": { "id": 542, "name": "tr_ottoman_emp_4_copy", "long_name": "Yemen - Ottoman period", "start_year": 1873, "end_year": 1920 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "absent", "comment": null, "description": "Rural families kept livestock in family stalls rather than communal enclosures: 'Despite the imposition of modernity, Yemenis remain proud of their architectural and oral-poetry traditions. Houses and mosques found in different regions of the country reflect unique stylistic and functional variations. Highlanders construct multistoried buildings from smooth, layered mud, mud brick, or cut stone. Dwellings in San\\??\\a are particularly impressive with their decorative colored-glass windows. In the rural highlands, houses constructed atop terraced embankments were fortresses against enemy tribes. In cities along the coastal plain, the former elegance of houses and mosques can be seen in their elaborate doors and facades. Rural towns in the Tihama usually include a walled compound that contains mud and thatched-roof huts identical to those found in Africa, on the other side of the Red Sea. The interiors of Tihama houses may be highly ornamented. Buildings constructed of cinder blocks are routinely replacing the huts. Competitive poetry duels performed at weddings by men of tribal status are highly valued. In the past, celebrations for circumcision (required of all Muslim males) were particularly elaborate, but now government officials discourage postinfancy circumcisions, thereby undermining the importance of ceremonial specialists.' §REF§Walters, Delores M.: eHRAF Cultural Summary for the Yemenis§REF§ 'Animals are also in women's care and are often their property. Households do not keep large herds of animals: a donkey (usually men's property), sometimes a cow, a few sheep or goats, and chickens. In the summer women may take sheep to pasture under the vines but most of the year the few animals go with one of two herders in the community, who gather them in the early morning and return them in the late afternoon. Since powdered milk has entered the market, fewer families keep a cow. The cow is an intimate of the house, with a stall on the ground floor. An older woman often owns and cares for the cow, which she feeds by hand, wrapping each stalk of sorghum round with alfalfa. Poorer women who own a cow may sell some of the milk, but other households keep a cow only for domestic consumption. When the cow bears a calf, the first milk is prepared as a delicacy known as al-hariwah, the bride.' §REF§Mundy, Martha 1995. \"Domestic Government: Kinship, Community and Polity in North Yemen\", 79§REF§ According to Mundy et al, the same was true for urban areas until the 1970s: 'As late as the mid-1970s, even in the capital city Sanaa, many houses kept a cow for home milk production. The cow lived in a stable-room on the ground floor of the tower house where it was patiently tended to and fed stalks of sorghum wrapped round with lucerne (a green fodder plant). The cow would be collected along with others of the quarter to drink at communal water sources in the city. Under the pressure of urbanisation, this house grain-livestock complex has disappeared in the city. So, too, following the fall in the water table, has vegetable production in the city’s gardens that relied on irrigation from wells and supplementary grey-water from mosque ablutions. Even in the countryside the grainlivestock production complex has become much reduced depending as it did on a combination of sorghum and leguminous green-fodder production.' §REF§Mundy, Martha, Al-Hakimi, Amin and Pelat, Frédéric 2014. \"Neither Security nor Sovereignty. The political economy of food in Yemen\", 143§REF§" }, { "id": 54, "polity": { "id": 237, "name": "ml_songhai_1", "long_name": "Songhai Empire", "start_year": 1376, "end_year": 1493 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "present", "comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT", "description": null }, { "id": 55, "polity": { "id": 271, "name": "ua_skythian_k_3", "long_name": "Third Scythian Kingdom", "start_year": -429, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "SSP", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "unknown", "comment": "No data.", "description": null }, { "id": 57, "polity": { "id": 516, "name": "eg_old_k_1", "long_name": "Egypt - Classic Old Kingdom", "start_year": -2650, "end_year": -2350 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "TRS", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "present", "comment": "E.g. royal funerary enclosures. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/6AME4SP6\">[Malek_Shaw 2000, pp. 91-93]</a>", "description": "" }, { "id": 58, "polity": { "id": 424, "name": "cn_wei_dyn_warring_states", "long_name": "Early Wei Dynasty", "start_year": -445, "end_year": -225 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "uncoded", "comment": "Previously coded as present, but given lack of references and occasional confusion regarding these variables (now clearly defined as \"sites not associated with residential areas\"), safer to \"un-code\" them. EC", "description": null }, { "id": 59, "polity": { "id": 497, "name": "ir_elam_3", "long_name": "Elam - Early Sukkalmah", "start_year": -1900, "end_year": -1701 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "uncoded", "comment": "Probably unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 60, "polity": { "id": 140, "name": "jp_jomon_3", "long_name": "Japan - Early Jomon", "start_year": -5300, "end_year": -3500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "uncoded", "comment": "(special buildings or sites surrounded by enclosures)", "description": null }, { "id": 61, "polity": { "id": 141, "name": "jp_jomon_4", "long_name": "Japan - Middle Jomon", "start_year": -3500, "end_year": -2500 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "uncoded", "comment": "(i.e. special place encircled by an enclosure)", "description": null }, { "id": 62, "polity": { "id": 427, "name": "ml_jenne_jeno_1", "long_name": "Jenne-jeno I", "start_year": -250, "end_year": 49 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 63, "polity": { "id": 428, "name": "ml_jenne_jeno_2", "long_name": "Jenne-jeno II", "start_year": 50, "end_year": 399 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 64, "polity": { "id": 430, "name": "ml_jenne_jeno_3", "long_name": "Jenne-jeno III", "start_year": 400, "end_year": 899 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 65, "polity": { "id": 431, "name": "ml_jenne_jeno_4", "long_name": "Jenne-jeno IV", "start_year": 900, "end_year": 1300 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "uncoded", "comment": "unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 66, "polity": { "id": 179, "name": "it_latium_ba", "long_name": "Latium - Bronze Age", "start_year": -1800, "end_year": -900 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "uncoded", "comment": "probably unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 67, "polity": { "id": 178, "name": "it_latium_ca", "long_name": "Latium - Copper Age", "start_year": -3600, "end_year": -1800 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "uncoded", "comment": "probably unknown", "description": null }, { "id": 68, "polity": { "id": 477, "name": "iq_ur_dyn_3", "long_name": "Ur - Dynasty III", "start_year": -2112, "end_year": -2004 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null }, { "id": 69, "polity": { "id": 266, "name": "cn_later_great_jin", "long_name": "Jin Dynasty", "start_year": 1115, "end_year": 1234 }, "year_from": null, "year_to": null, "tag": "UND", "is_disputed": false, "is_uncertain": false, "name": "Enclosure", "enclosure": "uncoded", "comment": "Unknown.", "description": null } ] }