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"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
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"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
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"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
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"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
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"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
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"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
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"tag": "TRS",
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"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
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"tag": "TRS",
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"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"MSP is suggested from texts from the third millennium BC onward dealing with keeping oaths, respecting the gods, and practicing good behavior.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9UA3R688\">[Altaweel_et_al 2025, p. 126]</a>",
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"tag": "TRS",
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"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"MSP is suggested from texts from the third millennium BC onward dealing with keeping oaths, respecting the gods, and practicing good behavior.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9UA3R688\">[Altaweel_et_al 2025, p. 126]</a>",
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"tag": "TRS",
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"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"MSP is suggested from texts from the third millennium BC onward dealing with keeping oaths, respecting the gods, and practicing good behavior.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9UA3R688\">[Altaweel_et_al 2025, p. 126]</a>",
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"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"MSP is suggested from texts from the third millennium BC onward dealing with keeping oaths, respecting the gods, and practicing good behavior.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9UA3R688\">[Altaweel_et_al 2025, p. 126]</a>",
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"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
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"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"MSP is suggested from texts from the third millennium BC onward dealing with keeping oaths, respecting the gods, and practicing good behavior.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9UA3R688\">[Altaweel_et_al 2025, p. 126]</a>",
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"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"MSP is suggested from texts from the third millennium BC onward dealing with keeping oaths, respecting the gods, and practicing good behavior.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9UA3R688\">[Altaweel_et_al 2025, p. 126]</a>",
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"long_name": "Elam I",
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"end_year": -744
},
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"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"MSP is suggested from texts from the third millennium BC onward dealing with keeping oaths, respecting the gods, and practicing good behavior.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9UA3R688\">[Altaweel_et_al 2025, p. 126]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 222,
"polity": {
"id": 505,
"name": "ir_neo_elam_3",
"long_name": "Elam III",
"start_year": -612,
"end_year": -539
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"MSP is suggested from texts from the third millennium BC onward dealing with keeping oaths, respecting the gods, and practicing good behavior.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9UA3R688\">[Altaweel_et_al 2025, p. 126]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 223,
"polity": {
"id": 501,
"name": "ir_elam_7",
"long_name": "Elam - Shutrukid Period",
"start_year": -1199,
"end_year": -1100
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"MSP is suggested from texts from the third millennium BC onward dealing with keeping oaths, respecting the gods, and practicing good behavior.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9UA3R688\">[Altaweel_et_al 2025, p. 126]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 224,
"polity": {
"id": 445,
"name": "pg_orokaiva_pre_colonial",
"long_name": "Orokaiva - Pre-Colonial",
"start_year": 1734,
"end_year": 1883
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "“The Orokaiva interacted with demigods and ancestor spirits through ritual exchanges and an elaborate system of initiation (Iteanu 1990; Schwimmer 1973), and it may have been these reciprocal exchanges that formed the primary dimension of the ritual system. Indigenous explanations for misfortune in Melanesia typically invoke sorcery or offences against nonhuman agents, such as failure to perform appropriate rituals (Whitehouse 1996a). […] [T]he available evidence suggests that moralistic elements were present in the indigenous system, but broad-scope moralizing punishment by a supreme being, as a primary feature of the religious system, was introduced and then elaborated on in the colonial period.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/97J9GDE3\">[Brandl_et_al 2024, p. 305]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 225,
"polity": {
"id": 147,
"name": "jp_heian",
"long_name": "Heian",
"start_year": 794,
"end_year": 1185
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"[W]e find ninth-century sources enjoining people to give to the poor, the elderly, and the infirm because they are a “field of merit,” that is, a source of karmic benefits (Deal and Ruppert 2015: 88). Around this time, possibly as a result of Buddhist teachings, criminal punishments became milder, while the state sponsored ponds where fish and other aquatic animals could be set free in order to gain merit. That is, it seems karmic benefits could be derived from charity and other moral behavior, not only from ritual performance. Nevertheless, the emphasis remained on immediate karmic effects within this lifetime rather than benefits in future lifetimes (Morris 2013: 136–40).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/KPNFBIVN\">[Stanford_et_al 2024, p. 237]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 226,
"polity": {
"id": 150,
"name": "jp_sengoku_jidai",
"long_name": "Warring States Japan",
"start_year": 1467,
"end_year": 1568
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"Throughout this history, Japanese notions of [moralistic supernatural enforcement] seem to have followed a path distinctive in several ways from those of other Buddhist societies. In general, the focus of [moralistic supernatural enforcement] tended to be mechanisms leading to fortune and misfortune in this lifetime rather than in the afterlife. Over time, actions deemed liable to bring about [moralistic supernatural enforcement] expanded from a set largely focused on proper propitiation to encompass increasing numbers of interpersonal transgressions.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/KPNFBIVN\">[Stanford_et_al 2024, p. 243]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
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"polity": {
"id": 59,
"name": "gr_crete_nl",
"long_name": "Neolithic Crete",
"start_year": -7000,
"end_year": -3000
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": null,
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 229,
"polity": {
"id": 60,
"name": "gr_crete_pre_palace",
"long_name": "Prepalatial Crete",
"start_year": -3000,
"end_year": -1900
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "\"Some aspects of Early Minoan burials, such as the inclusion of food offerings, model houses, and amulets in tombs, reflect Egyptian practices (Watrous 2021: 45–8). It is probable that these burial customs point to some form of afterlife belief, but they provide no clear evidence of moralizing supernatural punishment and reward (MSP).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DIRZ999P\">[Larson_et_al 2024, p. 19]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 230,
"polity": {
"id": 68,
"name": "gr_crete_classical",
"long_name": "Classical Crete",
"start_year": -500,
"end_year": -323
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"Despite these examples, Greek tragedy mainly reinforces [moralistic supernatural enforcement] beliefs within the moral domains traditionally subject to divine supervision: oaths, xenia, suppliants, and burial rites. Violators in these areas are always punished (Mikalson 1991: 129–30), whether the playwright is Aeschylus, Sophocles, or Euripides. As in the Archaic period, the concept of impiety included various forms of sacrilege or blasphemy, such as insulting the gods, as well as a canonical list of interpersonal offenses that had not changed much since the Early Iron Age.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DIRZ999P\">[Larson_et_al 2024, p. 28]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 231,
"polity": {
"id": 447,
"name": "fr_beaker_eba",
"long_name": "Beaker Culture",
"start_year": -3200,
"end_year": -2000
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Based on current knowledge, broad moralizing enforcement is absent from most pre-Christian polytheistic cultures, especially in Europe. We are inferring this absence backwards to the Bell Beaker period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DYW2LWKS\">[Johnston 2004]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WCMV3GFJ\">[Watts 2013]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 232,
"polity": {
"id": 449,
"name": "fr_hallstatt_a_b1",
"long_name": "Hallstatt A-B1",
"start_year": -1000,
"end_year": -900
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Based on current knowledge, broad moralizing enforcement is absent from most pre-Christian polytheistic cultures, especially in Europe. We are inferring this absence backwards to the Bell Beaker period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DYW2LWKS\">[Johnston 2004]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WCMV3GFJ\">[Watts 2013]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 233,
"polity": {
"id": 452,
"name": "fr_hallstatt_d",
"long_name": "Hallstatt D",
"start_year": -600,
"end_year": -475
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Based on current knowledge, broad moralizing enforcement is absent from most pre-Christian polytheistic cultures, especially in Europe. We are inferring this absence backwards to the Bell Beaker period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DYW2LWKS\">[Johnston 2004]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WCMV3GFJ\">[Watts 2013]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 234,
"polity": {
"id": 450,
"name": "fr_hallstatt_b2_3",
"long_name": "Hallstatt B2-3",
"start_year": -900,
"end_year": -700
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Based on current knowledge, broad moralizing enforcement is absent from most pre-Christian polytheistic cultures, especially in Europe. We are inferring this absence backwards to the Bell Beaker period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DYW2LWKS\">[Johnston 2004]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WCMV3GFJ\">[Watts 2013]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 235,
"polity": {
"id": 448,
"name": "fr_atlantic_complex",
"long_name": "Atlantic Complex",
"start_year": -2200,
"end_year": -1000
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Based on current knowledge, broad moralizing enforcement is absent from most pre-Christian polytheistic cultures, especially in Europe. We are inferring this absence backwards to the Bell Beaker period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DYW2LWKS\">[Johnston 2004]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WCMV3GFJ\">[Watts 2013]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 236,
"polity": {
"id": 451,
"name": "fr_hallstatt_c",
"long_name": "Hallstatt C",
"start_year": -700,
"end_year": -600
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Based on current knowledge, broad moralizing enforcement is absent from most pre-Christian polytheistic cultures, especially in Europe. We are inferring this absence backwards to the Bell Beaker period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DYW2LWKS\">[Johnston 2004]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WCMV3GFJ\">[Watts 2013]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 237,
"polity": {
"id": 453,
"name": "fr_la_tene_a_b1",
"long_name": "La Tene A-B1",
"start_year": -475,
"end_year": -325
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Based on current knowledge, broad moralizing enforcement is absent from most pre-Christian polytheistic cultures, especially in Europe. We are inferring this absence backwards to the Bell Beaker period. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/DYW2LWKS\">[Johnston 2004]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WCMV3GFJ\">[Watts 2013]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 238,
"polity": {
"id": 439,
"name": "mn_shiwei",
"long_name": "Shiwei",
"start_year": 600,
"end_year": 1000
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "The literature consulted does not include the concept of moralizing enforcement in descriptions or reconstructions of religious beliefs in this region at this time. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/823Z6QEK\">[Baldick 2012]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 239,
"polity": {
"id": 274,
"name": "mn_hunnu_late",
"long_name": "Late Xiongnu",
"start_year": -60,
"end_year": 100
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "The literature consulted does not include the concept of moralizing enforcement in descriptions or reconstructions of religious beliefs in this region at this time. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/823Z6QEK\">[Baldick 2012]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 240,
"polity": {
"id": 438,
"name": "mn_xianbei",
"long_name": "Xianbei Confederation",
"start_year": 100,
"end_year": 250
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "The literature consulted does not include the concept of moralizing enforcement in descriptions or reconstructions of religious beliefs in this region at this time. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/823Z6QEK\">[Baldick 2012]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 241,
"polity": {
"id": 437,
"name": "mn_hunnu_early",
"long_name": "Early Xiongnu",
"start_year": -1400,
"end_year": -300
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "The literature consulted does not include the concept of moralizing enforcement in descriptions or reconstructions of religious beliefs in this region at this time. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/823Z6QEK\">[Baldick 2012]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 242,
"polity": {
"id": 278,
"name": "mn_rouran_khaganate",
"long_name": "Rouran Khaganate",
"start_year": 300,
"end_year": 555
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "The literature consulted does not include the concept of moralizing enforcement in descriptions or reconstructions of religious beliefs in this region at this time. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/823Z6QEK\">[Baldick 2012]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 243,
"polity": {
"id": 272,
"name": "mn_hunnu_emp",
"long_name": "Xiongnu Imperial Confederation",
"start_year": -209,
"end_year": -60
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "The literature consulted does not include the concept of moralizing enforcement in descriptions or reconstructions of religious beliefs in this region at this time. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/823Z6QEK\">[Baldick 2012]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 246,
"polity": {
"id": 77,
"name": "pe_cuzco_1",
"long_name": "Cuzco - Late Formative",
"start_year": -500,
"end_year": 200
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "\"The archaeological record does not permit the reconstruction of moral values across space and time. It is safe to say that the religious developments described in this chronology took place in societies that were developing or maintaining social hierarchies, so that the logic of moral action would probably be “T-shaped”: political and formal religious hierarchies would treat the structured inequalities of society as morally appropriate, while people from the same stratum or occupation might hold more balanced values about interpersonal behavior. Inca ethnohistory offers some views on morality around the time of the Spanish conquest. The principles of respect and reciprocity were important for kin groups and were modified as political strategies of the imperial state.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZM795PMD\">[bookSection_NO_TITLE_PROVIDED_IN_ZOTERO]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 247,
"polity": {
"id": 81,
"name": "pe_cuzco_5",
"long_name": "Cuzco - Late Intermediate I",
"start_year": 1000,
"end_year": 1250
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "\"The archaeological record does not permit the reconstruction of moral values across space and time. It is safe to say that the religious developments described in this chronology took place in societies that were developing or maintaining social hierarchies, so that the logic of moral action would probably be “T-shaped”: political and formal religious hierarchies would treat the structured inequalities of society as morally appropriate, while people from the same stratum or occupation might hold more balanced values about interpersonal behavior. Inca ethnohistory offers some views on morality around the time of the Spanish conquest. The principles of respect and reciprocity were important for kin groups and were modified as political strategies of the imperial state.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZM795PMD\">[bookSection_NO_TITLE_PROVIDED_IN_ZOTERO]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 248,
"polity": {
"id": 78,
"name": "pe_cuzco_2",
"long_name": "Cuzco - Early Intermediate I",
"start_year": 200,
"end_year": 499
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "\"The archaeological record does not permit the reconstruction of moral values across space and time. It is safe to say that the religious developments described in this chronology took place in societies that were developing or maintaining social hierarchies, so that the logic of moral action would probably be “T-shaped”: political and formal religious hierarchies would treat the structured inequalities of society as morally appropriate, while people from the same stratum or occupation might hold more balanced values about interpersonal behavior. Inca ethnohistory offers some views on morality around the time of the Spanish conquest. The principles of respect and reciprocity were important for kin groups and were modified as political strategies of the imperial state.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZM795PMD\">[bookSection_NO_TITLE_PROVIDED_IN_ZOTERO]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 249,
"polity": {
"id": 82,
"name": "pe_cuzco_6",
"long_name": "Cuzco - Late Intermediate II",
"start_year": 1250,
"end_year": 1400
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "\"The archaeological record does not permit the reconstruction of moral values across space and time. It is safe to say that the religious developments described in this chronology took place in societies that were developing or maintaining social hierarchies, so that the logic of moral action would probably be “T-shaped”: political and formal religious hierarchies would treat the structured inequalities of society as morally appropriate, while people from the same stratum or occupation might hold more balanced values about interpersonal behavior. Inca ethnohistory offers some views on morality around the time of the Spanish conquest. The principles of respect and reciprocity were important for kin groups and were modified as political strategies of the imperial state.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZM795PMD\">[bookSection_NO_TITLE_PROVIDED_IN_ZOTERO]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 250,
"polity": {
"id": 83,
"name": "pe_inca_emp",
"long_name": "Inca Empire",
"start_year": 1375,
"end_year": 1532
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "\"The archaeological record does not permit the reconstruction of moral values across space and time. It is safe to say that the religious developments described in this chronology took place in societies that were developing or maintaining social hierarchies, so that the logic of moral action would probably be “T-shaped”: political and formal religious hierarchies would treat the structured inequalities of society as morally appropriate, while people from the same stratum or occupation might hold more balanced values about interpersonal behavior. Inca ethnohistory offers some views on morality around the time of the Spanish conquest. The principles of respect and reciprocity were important for kin groups and were modified as political strategies of the imperial state.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZM795PMD\">[bookSection_NO_TITLE_PROVIDED_IN_ZOTERO]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 251,
"polity": {
"id": 80,
"name": "pe_wari_emp",
"long_name": "Wari Empire",
"start_year": 650,
"end_year": 999
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "\"The archaeological record does not permit the reconstruction of moral values across space and time. It is safe to say that the religious developments described in this chronology took place in societies that were developing or maintaining social hierarchies, so that the logic of moral action would probably be “T-shaped”: political and formal religious hierarchies would treat the structured inequalities of society as morally appropriate, while people from the same stratum or occupation might hold more balanced values about interpersonal behavior. Inca ethnohistory offers some views on morality around the time of the Spanish conquest. The principles of respect and reciprocity were important for kin groups and were modified as political strategies of the imperial state.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZM795PMD\">[bookSection_NO_TITLE_PROVIDED_IN_ZOTERO]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 252,
"polity": {
"id": 79,
"name": "pe_cuzco_3",
"long_name": "Cuzco - Early Intermediate II",
"start_year": 500,
"end_year": 649
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "\"The archaeological record does not permit the reconstruction of moral values across space and time. It is safe to say that the religious developments described in this chronology took place in societies that were developing or maintaining social hierarchies, so that the logic of moral action would probably be “T-shaped”: political and formal religious hierarchies would treat the structured inequalities of society as morally appropriate, while people from the same stratum or occupation might hold more balanced values about interpersonal behavior. Inca ethnohistory offers some views on morality around the time of the Spanish conquest. The principles of respect and reciprocity were important for kin groups and were modified as political strategies of the imperial state.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/ZM795PMD\">[bookSection_NO_TITLE_PROVIDED_IN_ZOTERO]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 253,
"polity": {
"id": 22,
"name": "us_woodland_1",
"long_name": "Cahokia - Early Woodland",
"start_year": -600,
"end_year": -150
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "We infer the absence of MSP beliefs in the Woodland and Emergent Mississippian periods, because of evidence for lack of MSP in later Mississippian religion. However, note there is little data on Woodland or Emergent Mississippian cosmology in general. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IPMSN86M\">[Peregrine 2017]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 254,
"polity": {
"id": 34,
"name": "us_emergent_mississippian_2",
"long_name": "Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian II",
"start_year": 900,
"end_year": 1049
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "We infer the absence of MSP beliefs in the Woodland and Emergent Mississippian periods, because of evidence for lack of MSP in later Mississippian religion. However, note there is little data on Woodland or Emergent Mississippian cosmology in general. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IPMSN86M\">[Peregrine 2017]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 255,
"polity": {
"id": 27,
"name": "us_emergent_mississippian_1",
"long_name": "Cahokia - Emergent Mississippian I",
"start_year": 750,
"end_year": 900
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "We infer the absence of MSP beliefs in the Woodland and Emergent Mississippian periods, because of evidence for lack of MSP in later Mississippian religion. However, note there is little data on Woodland or Emergent Mississippian cosmology in general. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IPMSN86M\">[Peregrine 2017]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 256,
"polity": {
"id": 25,
"name": "us_woodland_4",
"long_name": "Cahokia - Late Woodland II",
"start_year": 450,
"end_year": 600
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "We infer the absence of MSP beliefs in the Woodland and Emergent Mississippian periods, because of evidence for lack of MSP in later Mississippian religion. However, note there is little data on Woodland or Emergent Mississippian cosmology in general. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IPMSN86M\">[Peregrine 2017]</a>",
"description": null
}
]
}