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"polity": {
"id": 841,
"name": "es_cordoba_emirate",
"long_name": "Emirate of Córdoba",
"start_year": 756,
"end_year": 928
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 186,
"polity": {
"id": 654,
"name": "so_isaaq_sultanate",
"long_name": "Isaaq Sultanate",
"start_year": 1300,
"end_year": 1886
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 187,
"polity": {
"id": 133,
"name": "pk_sind_abbasid_fatimid",
"long_name": "Sind - Abbasid-Fatimid Period",
"start_year": 854,
"end_year": 1193
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 188,
"polity": {
"id": 641,
"name": "et_gomma_k",
"long_name": "Kingdom of Gomma",
"start_year": 1780,
"end_year": 1886
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 189,
"polity": {
"id": 229,
"name": "ml_mali_emp",
"long_name": "Mali Empire",
"start_year": 1230,
"end_year": 1410
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 190,
"polity": {
"id": 649,
"name": "et_funj_sultanate",
"long_name": "Funj Sultanate",
"start_year": 1504,
"end_year": 1820
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 191,
"polity": {
"id": 409,
"name": "bd_bengal_sultanate",
"long_name": "Bengal Sultanate",
"start_year": 1338,
"end_year": 1538
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 192,
"polity": {
"id": 242,
"name": "ml_songhai_2",
"long_name": "Songhai Empire - Askiya Dynasty",
"start_year": 1493,
"end_year": 1591
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 193,
"polity": {
"id": 223,
"name": "ma_almoravid_dyn",
"long_name": "Almoravids",
"start_year": 1035,
"end_year": 1150
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 194,
"polity": {
"id": 787,
"name": "ic_wattara_emp",
"long_name": "Wattara Empire",
"start_year": 1710,
"end_year": 1895
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 195,
"polity": {
"id": 680,
"name": "se_futa_toro_imamate",
"long_name": "Imamate of Futa Toro",
"start_year": 1776,
"end_year": 1860
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 196,
"polity": {
"id": 469,
"name": "uz_janid_dyn",
"long_name": "Khanate of Bukhara",
"start_year": 1599,
"end_year": 1747
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 197,
"polity": {
"id": 411,
"name": "in_bahmani_sultanate",
"long_name": "Bahmani Sultanate",
"start_year": 1347,
"end_year": 1518
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 198,
"polity": {
"id": 610,
"name": "gu_futa_jallon",
"long_name": "Futa Jallon",
"start_year": 1725,
"end_year": 1896
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 199,
"polity": {
"id": 781,
"name": "bd_nawabs_of_bengal",
"long_name": "Nawabs of Bengal",
"start_year": 1717,
"end_year": 1757
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 200,
"polity": {
"id": 370,
"name": "uz_timurid_emp",
"long_name": "Timurid Empire",
"start_year": 1370,
"end_year": 1526
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 201,
"polity": {
"id": 648,
"name": "so_majeerteen_sultanate",
"long_name": "Majeerteen Sultanate",
"start_year": 1750,
"end_year": 1926
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 202,
"polity": {
"id": 640,
"name": "so_habr_yunis",
"long_name": "Habr Yunis",
"start_year": 1300,
"end_year": 1886
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 203,
"polity": {
"id": 589,
"name": "in_sur_emp",
"long_name": "Sur Empire",
"start_year": 1540,
"end_year": 1556
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"In Islam, divine law is known as Sharīʿa (Emon and Ahmed 2018; Hallaq 2009; Nakissa 2019; Schacht 1982). […] The Sharīʿa specifies which moral norms Muslims must follow if they wish to win rewards from Allāh and avoid His punishments. […] Many Sharīʿa norms concern relationships between Muslims and the relationship of the Muslim community with other communities. Hence, numerous Sharīʿa norms are designed to strengthen and preserve marital relationships (e.g., penalizing adultery), familial relationships (e.g., the obligation to care for elderly parents), an individual’s relationship with God (e.g., daily worship), and relationships between Muslims as a community (e.g., charity and mutual military defense). Sharīʿa norms encourage general altruism toward Muslims. Matters are more complex with respect to non-Muslims (kuffār). The Sharīʿa encourages honesty, fairness in commercial transactions, and basic kindness when dealing with individual non-Muslims.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/A9X3RAQW\">[Nakissa_et_al 2024, pp. 137-138]</a>",
"description": null
}
]
}