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"comment": "\"Varṇāṣrama dharma puts Brahmins at the top of the ritual and social hierarchy. At the bottom are Ṣudras and those who are avarṇa (i.e., without a varṇa)—who are outside of the varṇa system and below the lowest rungs of it, excluded from a range of ritual, and hence social, functions and spaces. Interpersonal behavior is guided to a great degree by the logic of the varṇāṣrama system, which the DhS authors attribute to the earliest of the Vedas, the Ṛgveda. Transgressions of these prescribed rules require expiation in the form of prāyascit (repentance) to nullify the karmic demerit accrued through these transgressions. [...] There is also sādhāraṇa dharma, or a common dharma that is applicable to all— for example, respecting elders, protecting the innocent, and so on (Lingat and Derrett 1973).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/EBDJ2WB5\">[Das_et_al 2024, p. 52]</a>",
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"comment": "\"Varṇāṣrama dharma puts Brahmins at the top of the ritual and social hierarchy. At the bottom are Ṣudras and those who are avarṇa (i.e., without a varṇa)—who are outside of the varṇa system and below the lowest rungs of it, excluded from a range of ritual, and hence social, functions and spaces. Interpersonal behavior is guided to a great degree by the logic of the varṇāṣrama system, which the DhS authors attribute to the earliest of the Vedas, the Ṛgveda. Transgressions of these prescribed rules require expiation in the form of prāyascit (repentance) to nullify the karmic demerit accrued through these transgressions. [...] There is also sādhāraṇa dharma, or a common dharma that is applicable to all— for example, respecting elders, protecting the innocent, and so on (Lingat and Derrett 1973).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/EBDJ2WB5\">[Das_et_al 2024, p. 52]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 120,
"polity": {
"id": 95,
"name": "in_hoysala_k",
"long_name": "Hoysala Kingdom",
"start_year": 1108,
"end_year": 1346
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"Varṇāṣrama dharma puts Brahmins at the top of the ritual and social hierarchy. At the bottom are Ṣudras and those who are avarṇa (i.e., without a varṇa)—who are outside of the varṇa system and below the lowest rungs of it, excluded from a range of ritual, and hence social, functions and spaces. Interpersonal behavior is guided to a great degree by the logic of the varṇāṣrama system, which the DhS authors attribute to the earliest of the Vedas, the Ṛgveda. Transgressions of these prescribed rules require expiation in the form of prāyascit (repentance) to nullify the karmic demerit accrued through these transgressions. [...] There is also sādhāraṇa dharma, or a common dharma that is applicable to all— for example, respecting elders, protecting the innocent, and so on (Lingat and Derrett 1973).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/EBDJ2WB5\">[Das_et_al 2024, p. 52]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 121,
"polity": {
"id": 627,
"name": "in_pandya_emp_3",
"long_name": "Pandya Empire",
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"end_year": 1323
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"Varṇāṣrama dharma puts Brahmins at the top of the ritual and social hierarchy. At the bottom are Ṣudras and those who are avarṇa (i.e., without a varṇa)—who are outside of the varṇa system and below the lowest rungs of it, excluded from a range of ritual, and hence social, functions and spaces. Interpersonal behavior is guided to a great degree by the logic of the varṇāṣrama system, which the DhS authors attribute to the earliest of the Vedas, the Ṛgveda. Transgressions of these prescribed rules require expiation in the form of prāyascit (repentance) to nullify the karmic demerit accrued through these transgressions. [...] There is also sādhāraṇa dharma, or a common dharma that is applicable to all— for example, respecting elders, protecting the innocent, and so on (Lingat and Derrett 1973).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/EBDJ2WB5\">[Das_et_al 2024, p. 52]</a>",
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},
{
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"id": 406,
"name": "in_kalachuri_emp",
"long_name": "Kalachuris of Kalyani",
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"end_year": 1184
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"Varṇāṣrama dharma puts Brahmins at the top of the ritual and social hierarchy. At the bottom are Ṣudras and those who are avarṇa (i.e., without a varṇa)—who are outside of the varṇa system and below the lowest rungs of it, excluded from a range of ritual, and hence social, functions and spaces. Interpersonal behavior is guided to a great degree by the logic of the varṇāṣrama system, which the DhS authors attribute to the earliest of the Vedas, the Ṛgveda. Transgressions of these prescribed rules require expiation in the form of prāyascit (repentance) to nullify the karmic demerit accrued through these transgressions. [...] There is also sādhāraṇa dharma, or a common dharma that is applicable to all— for example, respecting elders, protecting the innocent, and so on (Lingat and Derrett 1973).\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/EBDJ2WB5\">[Das_et_al 2024, p. 52]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 123,
"polity": {
"id": 427,
"name": "ml_jenne_jeno_1",
"long_name": "Jenne-jeno I",
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"end_year": 49
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 124,
"polity": {
"id": 117,
"name": "pk_kachi_enl",
"long_name": "Kachi Plain - Aceramic Neolithic",
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"end_year": -5500
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 125,
"polity": {
"id": 715,
"name": "tz_east_africa_ia_1",
"long_name": "Early East Africa Iron Age",
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"end_year": 499
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 126,
"polity": {
"id": 37,
"name": "kh_funan_1",
"long_name": "Funan I",
"start_year": 225,
"end_year": 540
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 127,
"polity": {
"id": 8,
"name": "mx_basin_of_mexico_3",
"long_name": "Early Formative Basin of Mexico",
"start_year": -1200,
"end_year": -801
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 128,
"polity": {
"id": 161,
"name": "tr_central_anatolia_mba",
"long_name": "Middle Bronze Age in Central Anatolia",
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"end_year": -1700
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 129,
"polity": {
"id": 428,
"name": "ml_jenne_jeno_2",
"long_name": "Jenne-jeno II",
"start_year": 50,
"end_year": 399
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 130,
"polity": {
"id": 155,
"name": "tr_konya_enl",
"long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Neolithic",
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"end_year": -7000
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 131,
"polity": {
"id": 36,
"name": "kh_cambodia_ia",
"long_name": "Iron Age Cambodia",
"start_year": -500,
"end_year": 224
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 132,
"polity": {
"id": 485,
"name": "ir_susiana_pre_ceramic",
"long_name": "Pre-Ceramic Period",
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"end_year": -7200
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
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"polity": {
"id": 489,
"name": "ir_susiana_b",
"long_name": "Susiana B",
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},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
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"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
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"polity": {
"id": 159,
"name": "tr_konya_lca",
"long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Chalcolithic",
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"end_year": -3000
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 135,
"polity": {
"id": 487,
"name": "ir_susiana_archaic",
"long_name": "Susiana - Muhammad Jaffar",
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"end_year": -6000
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 136,
"polity": {
"id": 717,
"name": "tz_early_tana_2",
"long_name": "Early Tana 2",
"start_year": 750,
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},
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"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 137,
"polity": {
"id": 157,
"name": "tr_konya_lnl",
"long_name": "Konya Plain - Late Neolithic",
"start_year": -6600,
"end_year": -6000
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 138,
"polity": {
"id": 120,
"name": "pk_kachi_pre_urban",
"long_name": "Kachi Plain - Pre-Urban Period",
"start_year": -3200,
"end_year": -2500
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 139,
"polity": {
"id": 86,
"name": "in_deccan_ia",
"long_name": "Deccan - Iron Age",
"start_year": -1200,
"end_year": -300
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 140,
"polity": {
"id": 472,
"name": "iq_so_mesopotamia_nl",
"long_name": "Southern Mesopotamia Neolithic",
"start_year": -9000,
"end_year": -5501
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 141,
"polity": {
"id": 7,
"name": "mx_basin_of_mexico_2",
"long_name": "Initial Formative Basin of Mexico",
"start_year": -2000,
"end_year": -1201
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 142,
"polity": {
"id": 536,
"name": "ye_yemen_lnl",
"long_name": "Neolithic Yemen",
"start_year": -3500,
"end_year": -1201
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 143,
"polity": {
"id": 121,
"name": "pk_kachi_urban_1",
"long_name": "Kachi Plain - Urban Period I",
"start_year": -2500,
"end_year": -2100
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 144,
"polity": {
"id": 486,
"name": "ir_susiana_formative",
"long_name": "Formative Period",
"start_year": -7200,
"end_year": -7000
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 145,
"polity": {
"id": 160,
"name": "tr_konya_eba",
"long_name": "Konya Plain - Early Bronze Age",
"start_year": -3000,
"end_year": -2000
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 146,
"polity": {
"id": 613,
"name": "bf_west_burkina_faso_yellow_5",
"long_name": "West Burkina Faso Yellow I",
"start_year": 100,
"end_year": 500
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 147,
"polity": {
"id": 9,
"name": "mx_basin_of_mexico_4",
"long_name": "Middle Formative Basin of Mexico",
"start_year": -800,
"end_year": -401
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 148,
"polity": {
"id": 716,
"name": "tz_early_tana_1",
"long_name": "Early Tana 1",
"start_year": 500,
"end_year": 749
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 149,
"polity": {
"id": 537,
"name": "ye_yemen_lba",
"long_name": "Yemen - Late Bronze Age",
"start_year": -1200,
"end_year": -801
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 150,
"polity": {
"id": 615,
"name": "ni_nok_2",
"long_name": "Middle and Late Nok",
"start_year": -900,
"end_year": 0
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 151,
"polity": {
"id": 156,
"name": "tr_konya_mnl",
"long_name": "Konya Plain - Ceramic Neolithic",
"start_year": -7000,
"end_year": -6600
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_is_broad",
"coded_value": "unknown",
"comment": "EMPTY_COMMENT",
"description": null
}
]
}