HTTP 200 OK
Allow: GET, HEAD, OPTIONS
Content-Type: application/json
Vary: Accept
{
"count": 455,
"next": "https://seshat-db.com/api/rt/moralizing-enforcement-in-afterlife/?format=api&page=8",
"previous": "https://seshat-db.com/api/rt/moralizing-enforcement-in-afterlife/?format=api&page=6",
"results": [
{
"id": 311,
"polity": {
"id": 18,
"name": "us_hawaii_2",
"long_name": "Hawaii II",
"start_year": 1200,
"end_year": 1580
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "A~P",
"comment": "“[T]he most important ancestral deities, the ‘aumakua, had been transformed by late precontact times into enforcers of “moral law” (Valeri 1985: 24). They were concerned not only with being nourished by offerings but also with their descendants’ adherence to a broader system of norms, which included both ritual and ethical obligations—a distinction between the two was not emic for the Hawaiians. […] What we can say is that Hawaiian religion of the earliest periods represented an intermediate stage between the concepts, deities, and rites inherited from central-eastern Polynesia and the more intricate and formalized system in place by the late eighteenth century.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9MDFMQ73\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 274]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 312,
"polity": {
"id": 17,
"name": "us_hawaii_1",
"long_name": "Hawaii I",
"start_year": 1000,
"end_year": 1200
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "A~P",
"comment": "“[T]he most important ancestral deities, the ‘aumakua, had been transformed by late precontact times into enforcers of “moral law” (Valeri 1985: 24). They were concerned not only with being nourished by offerings but also with their descendants’ adherence to a broader system of norms, which included both ritual and ethical obligations—a distinction between the two was not emic for the Hawaiians. […] What we can say is that Hawaiian religion of the earliest periods represented an intermediate stage between the concepts, deities, and rites inherited from central-eastern Polynesia and the more intricate and formalized system in place by the late eighteenth century.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/9MDFMQ73\">[Cioni_et_al 2025, p. 274]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 313,
"polity": {
"id": 21,
"name": "us_hawaii_k",
"long_name": "Kingdom of Hawaii - Post-Kamehameha Period",
"start_year": 1820,
"end_year": 1898
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "Transition from traditional Hawaiian beliefs to Christianity, both of which feature moralizing supernatural enforcement. “Those who in life had offended and did not try to correct the offense disgusted the ‘aumākua. The ‘aumākua would not bother with them [thus punishing them by withholding contact]. These became ‘ao kuewa, homeless, hungry, wandering spirits, chasing moths and grasshoppers for food.” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/TNICV9KB\">[Pukui_Haertig_Lee 1972, p. 40]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 314,
"polity": {
"id": 538,
"name": "ye_sabaean_commonwealth",
"long_name": "Sabaean Commonwealth",
"start_year": -800,
"end_year": -451
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Only a single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic (the transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities), suggesting that this was thought to be a rare event. However, it is worth noting that, in this instance, an entire community suffered punishment in this life, not necessarily in the afterlife. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 315,
"polity": {
"id": 539,
"name": "ye_qatabanian_commonwealth",
"long_name": "Qatabanian Commonwealth",
"start_year": -450,
"end_year": -111
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Only a single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic (the transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities), suggesting that this was thought to be a rare event. However, it is worth noting that, in this instance, an entire community suffered punishment in this life, not necessarily in the afterlife. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 316,
"polity": {
"id": 540,
"name": "ye_saba_k",
"long_name": "Kingdom of Saba and Dhu Raydan",
"start_year": -110,
"end_year": 149
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Only a single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic (the transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities), suggesting that this was thought to be a rare event. However, it is worth noting that, in this instance, an entire community suffered punishment in this life, not necessarily in the afterlife. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 317,
"polity": {
"id": 353,
"name": "ye_himyar_1",
"long_name": "Himyar I",
"start_year": 270,
"end_year": 340
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "Only a single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic (the transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities), suggesting that this was thought to be a rare event. However, it is worth noting that, in this instance, an entire community suffered punishment in this life, not necessarily in the afterlife. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 318,
"polity": {
"id": 208,
"name": "et_aksum_emp_1",
"long_name": "Axum I",
"start_year": -149,
"end_year": 349
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "IFR",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "absent",
"comment": "\"For hundreds of years prior to the local advent of Christianity, it seems that a form or forms of polytheistic belief-system analogous – but by no means identical – to that known to have been established in southern Arabia prevailed also in the northern Horn. Although the deities’ names indicated by the known inscriptions are – with one exception – different, use of the crescent-and-disc symbol – known in earlier times on altars and incense-burners in both southern Arabia and the northern Horn (cf. Chapter 3) – was continued in pre-Christian Aksumite times on coins and on the Anza and Matara stelae (Chapter 6 and 7 respectively), which have been dated to the third century on palaeographic grounds.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/3CGX9GMX\">[Phillipson 2012, p. 91]</a> Only a single known inscription (MB 2002 I-28) describes an instance of divine punishment that may be interpreted as moralistic (the transgression had been selling food to neighbouring communities during bad harvest years, and selling enslaved people from one’s own community to other communities), suggesting that this was thought to be a rare event. However, it is worth noting that, in this instance, an entire community suffered punishment in this life, not necessarily in the afterlife. <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/F54SC2DB\">[Multhoff_et_al 2008]</a>, <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/IR3ESBXZ\">[Maraqten 2006]</a>",
"description": ""
},
{
"id": 319,
"polity": {
"id": 116,
"name": "no_norway_k_2",
"long_name": "Kingdom of Norway II",
"start_year": 1262,
"end_year": 1396
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 320,
"polity": {
"id": 800,
"name": "de_empire_3",
"long_name": "Holy Roman Empire - Fragmented Period",
"start_year": 1255,
"end_year": 1453
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 321,
"polity": {
"id": 193,
"name": "it_papal_state_4",
"long_name": "Papal States - Early Modern Period II",
"start_year": 1648,
"end_year": 1809
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 322,
"polity": {
"id": 330,
"name": "pl_teutonic_order",
"long_name": "State of the Teutonic Order",
"start_year": 1300,
"end_year": 1400
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 323,
"polity": {
"id": 566,
"name": "fr_france_napoleonic",
"long_name": "Napoleonic France",
"start_year": 1816,
"end_year": 1870
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 324,
"polity": {
"id": 334,
"name": "pl_jagiellonian_dyn",
"long_name": "Poland-Lithuania Kingdom",
"start_year": 1386,
"end_year": 1569
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 325,
"polity": {
"id": 191,
"name": "it_papal_state_2",
"long_name": "Papal States - Renaissance Period",
"start_year": 1378,
"end_year": 1527
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 326,
"polity": {
"id": 565,
"name": "at_habsburg_1",
"long_name": "Austria - Habsburg Dynasty I",
"start_year": 1454,
"end_year": 1648
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 327,
"polity": {
"id": 810,
"name": "hu_arpad_dyn",
"long_name": "Hungary Kingdom - Árpád Dynasty",
"start_year": 1000,
"end_year": 1301
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 328,
"polity": {
"id": 333,
"name": "fr_valois_k_1",
"long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Valois",
"start_year": 1328,
"end_year": 1450
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 329,
"polity": {
"id": 570,
"name": "es_spanish_emp_2",
"long_name": "Spanish Empire II",
"start_year": 1716,
"end_year": 1814
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 330,
"polity": {
"id": 748,
"name": "fr_france_modern_1",
"long_name": "Modern France I",
"start_year": 1871,
"end_year": 1940
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 331,
"polity": {
"id": 718,
"name": "es_spanish_emp_3",
"long_name": "Spanish Empire III",
"start_year": 1815,
"end_year": 1931
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 332,
"polity": {
"id": 803,
"name": "de_bavaria_1",
"long_name": "Electorate of Bavaria",
"start_year": 1623,
"end_year": 1806
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 333,
"polity": {
"id": 567,
"name": "at_habsburg_2",
"long_name": "Austria - Habsburg Dynasty II",
"start_year": 1649,
"end_year": 1918
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 334,
"polity": {
"id": 579,
"name": "gb_england_plantagenet",
"long_name": "Plantagenet England",
"start_year": 1154,
"end_year": 1485
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 335,
"polity": {
"id": 458,
"name": "fr_capetian_k_2",
"long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Capetian",
"start_year": 1150,
"end_year": 1328
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 336,
"polity": {
"id": 545,
"name": "it_venetian_rep_4",
"long_name": "Republic of Venice IV",
"start_year": 1564,
"end_year": 1797
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 337,
"polity": {
"id": 586,
"name": "gb_england_norman",
"long_name": "Norman England",
"start_year": 1066,
"end_year": 1153
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 338,
"polity": {
"id": 190,
"name": "it_papal_state_1",
"long_name": "Papal States - High Medieval Period",
"start_year": 1198,
"end_year": 1309
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 339,
"polity": {
"id": 317,
"name": "pl_piast_dyn_1",
"long_name": "Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty",
"start_year": 963,
"end_year": 1138
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 340,
"polity": {
"id": 459,
"name": "fr_valois_k_2",
"long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Valois",
"start_year": 1450,
"end_year": 1589
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 341,
"polity": {
"id": 582,
"name": "mx_mexico_2",
"long_name": "Late United Mexican States",
"start_year": 1921,
"end_year": 2020
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 342,
"polity": {
"id": 799,
"name": "de_empire_2",
"long_name": "Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen and Welf Dynasties",
"start_year": 1126,
"end_year": 1254
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 343,
"polity": {
"id": 460,
"name": "fr_bourbon_k_1",
"long_name": "French Kingdom - Early Bourbon",
"start_year": 1589,
"end_year": 1660
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 344,
"polity": {
"id": 302,
"name": "gb_tudor_stuart",
"long_name": "England Tudor-Stuart",
"start_year": 1486,
"end_year": 1689
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 345,
"polity": {
"id": 544,
"name": "it_venetian_rep_3",
"long_name": "Republic of Venice III",
"start_year": 1204,
"end_year": 1563
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 346,
"polity": {
"id": 594,
"name": "at_interwar_austria",
"long_name": "Interwar Austria",
"start_year": 1918,
"end_year": 1938
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 347,
"polity": {
"id": 709,
"name": "pt_portuguese_emp_2",
"long_name": "Portuguese Empire - Early Modern",
"start_year": 1640,
"end_year": 1806
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 348,
"polity": {
"id": 811,
"name": "hu_later_dyn",
"long_name": "Hungary Kingdom - Anjou and Later Dynasties",
"start_year": 1302,
"end_year": 1526
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 349,
"polity": {
"id": 808,
"name": "pl_poland_lithuania_commonwealth",
"long_name": "Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth",
"start_year": 1570,
"end_year": 1791
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 350,
"polity": {
"id": 569,
"name": "mx_mexico_1",
"long_name": "Early United Mexican States",
"start_year": 1810,
"end_year": 1920
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 351,
"polity": {
"id": 568,
"name": "cz_bohemian_k_2",
"long_name": "Kingdom of Bohemia - Luxembourgian and Jagiellonian Dynasty",
"start_year": 1310,
"end_year": 1526
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 352,
"polity": {
"id": 807,
"name": "de_empire_2_sub",
"long_name": "Holy Roman Empire - Hohenstaufen Faction",
"start_year": 1198,
"end_year": 1215
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 353,
"polity": {
"id": 708,
"name": "pt_portuguese_emp_1",
"long_name": "Portuguese Empire - Renaissance Period",
"start_year": 1495,
"end_year": 1579
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 354,
"polity": {
"id": 598,
"name": "cz_bohemian_k_1",
"long_name": "Kingdom of Bohemia - Přemyslid Dynasty",
"start_year": 1198,
"end_year": 1309
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 355,
"polity": {
"id": 809,
"name": "pl_piast_dyn_2",
"long_name": "Polish Kingdom - Piast Dynasty Fragmented Period",
"start_year": 1139,
"end_year": 1382
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 356,
"polity": {
"id": 461,
"name": "fr_bourbon_k_2",
"long_name": "French Kingdom - Late Bourbon",
"start_year": 1660,
"end_year": 1815
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "“The [New Testament] warns that the great judgement at the end of time will bring a separation between the ‘good fish’ and the ‘bad fish’ (Matt 13: 47–52), or between the ‘sheep’ who have cared for neighbours in distress and the ‘goats’ who have failed in that duty (Matt. 25: 31–46). The ‘bad fish’ and the ‘goats’ will be banished to ‘eternal fire’, ‘eternal punishment’, or ‘into the outer darkness’ where they ‘will weep and grind their teeth’ (Matt. 25: 30). On the basis of these and further biblical texts, Christians came to develop the doctrine of hell, a place or state where the devils and unrepentant sinners will suffer forever (DH 1002; ND 2307). This eternal punishment, which was said to vary according to the gravity of the sins committed (DH 1306; ND 2309), was understood to consist in exclusion from God’s presence (this is the pain of loss or damnation proper) and in suffering from an inextinguishable but unspecified ‘fire’ (see DH 443, 780; ND 1409).” <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/WVP9QISX\">[O'Collins_Farrugia 2015, pp. 242-243]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 357,
"polity": {
"id": 306,
"name": "fr_merovingian_emp_2",
"long_name": "Middle Merovingian",
"start_year": 543,
"end_year": 687
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"Unlike the Greek and Roman religions, Christianity had moral aspects tightly integrated into its religious framework. It was not easy to convey that novel model (and the related practices), developed in the context of an elitist movement, to the mass membership of the post-Constantinian Church. The new system can be summarized in this way: humans commit all kinds of sins, which destines them for eternal punishment in Hell; humans lack the power to perfect themselves so they can escape eternal punishment; God offers a way out of sin (and its consequences), but humans have to accept His offer; God’s grace works through the practices of the Church, which believers have to follow to escape Hell.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NC2F8S9P\">[Czachesz_et_al 2024, p. 100]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 358,
"polity": {
"id": 309,
"name": "fr_carolingian_emp_1",
"long_name": "Carolingian Empire I",
"start_year": 752,
"end_year": 840
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"Unlike the Greek and Roman religions, Christianity had moral aspects tightly integrated into its religious framework. It was not easy to convey that novel model (and the related practices), developed in the context of an elitist movement, to the mass membership of the post-Constantinian Church. The new system can be summarized in this way: humans commit all kinds of sins, which destines them for eternal punishment in Hell; humans lack the power to perfect themselves so they can escape eternal punishment; God offers a way out of sin (and its consequences), but humans have to accept His offer; God’s grace works through the practices of the Church, which believers have to follow to escape Hell.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NC2F8S9P\">[Czachesz_et_al 2024, p. 100]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 359,
"polity": {
"id": 186,
"name": "it_ostrogoth_k",
"long_name": "Ostrogothic Kingdom",
"start_year": 489,
"end_year": 554
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"Unlike the Greek and Roman religions, Christianity had moral aspects tightly integrated into its religious framework. It was not easy to convey that novel model (and the related practices), developed in the context of an elitist movement, to the mass membership of the post-Constantinian Church. The new system can be summarized in this way: humans commit all kinds of sins, which destines them for eternal punishment in Hell; humans lack the power to perfect themselves so they can escape eternal punishment; God offers a way out of sin (and its consequences), but humans have to accept His offer; God’s grace works through the practices of the Church, which believers have to follow to escape Hell.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NC2F8S9P\">[Czachesz_et_al 2024, p. 100]</a>",
"description": null
},
{
"id": 360,
"polity": {
"id": 187,
"name": "it_ravenna_exarchate",
"long_name": "Exarchate of Ravenna",
"start_year": 568,
"end_year": 751
},
"year_from": null,
"year_to": null,
"tag": "TRS",
"is_disputed": false,
"is_uncertain": false,
"name": "Moralizing_enforcement_in_afterlife",
"coded_value": "present",
"comment": "\"Unlike the Greek and Roman religions, Christianity had moral aspects tightly integrated into its religious framework. It was not easy to convey that novel model (and the related practices), developed in the context of an elitist movement, to the mass membership of the post-Constantinian Church. The new system can be summarized in this way: humans commit all kinds of sins, which destines them for eternal punishment in Hell; humans lack the power to perfect themselves so they can escape eternal punishment; God offers a way out of sin (and its consequences), but humans have to accept His offer; God’s grace works through the practices of the Church, which believers have to follow to escape Hell.\" <a class=\"fw-bold\" href=\"https://www.zotero.org/groups/1051264/seshat_databank/items/NC2F8S9P\">[Czachesz_et_al 2024, p. 100]</a>",
"description": null
}
]
}