Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Fortifications

Modern Fortification

The absence or presence of modern fortifications as a military technology used in warfare. used after the introduction of gunpowder, e.g., trace italienne/starfort.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
modern_fortification The absence or presence of modern fortification for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Modern Fortification Description   Edit
1
(Tokugawa Shogunate)
1603 CE 1854 CE
absent
None
2
(Tokugawa Shogunate)
1855 CE 1868 CE
present
None
3
(Western Jin)
Full Year Range of Western Jin is assumed.
[265, 317]
absent
None
4
(Hellenistic Crete)
Full Year Range of Hellenistic Crete is assumed.
[-323, -69]
absent
None
5
(Sasanid Empire II)
Full Year Range of Sasanid Empire II is assumed.
[488, 642]
absent
None
6
(Seleucids)
Full Year Range of Seleucids is assumed.
[-312, -63]
absent
None
7
(Classic Basin of Mexico)
Full Year Range of Classic Basin of Mexico is assumed.
[100, 649]
absent
None
8
(Aztec Empire)
Full Year Range of Aztec Empire is assumed.
[1427, 1526]
absent
None
9
(Egypt - Dynasty II)
Full Year Range of Egypt - Dynasty II is assumed.
[-2900, -2687]
absent
None
10
(Geometric Crete)
Full Year Range of Geometric Crete is assumed.
[-1000, -710]
absent
None
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