Section: Warfare Variables
Subsection: Military Technologies Military use of Metals

Copper

The absence or presence of copper as a military technology used in warfare.  

Kostis Christakis, Veronica Walker, Samantha Holder, Alicja Piślewska, Daniel Mullins, Artur Butkiewicz, Malwina Brachmanska, William Farrell, Edward A L Turner, PT, Kiran Basava, Marika Michalak, Jill Levine, Cesaretti, Aleksandra Neumannn, Alice Williams, Stephen Dean, Robert Harding, Marika Wałęga, Dan Hoyer, Marta Bartkowiak, Sal Witshire, Agathe Dupeyron, Katheriin Liibert, Giulia Nazzaro, Jedrzej Hordecki, PF, Robert Ross, Thomas Cressy, Rosalind Purcell, Agathe Dupreyon, RC, Agnieszka Marta Duda, Emilia Tomicka, Po-Ju Tuan, Katarzyna Harabasz, Eva Brandl, AP, Jenny Reddish, Natalia Szych, Enrico Cioni, Peter Rudiak-Gould, Alec Vulfson, Lottie Field, Hugh Bennett, Kalin Bullman, Gréine Jordan, Katarzyna Mich.

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity Name
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Confidence Inferred : The value is inferred.
Suspected : The value is suspected (Expert Check Needed).
Evidenced : The value is backed up by sufficient evidence.
Disputed? No : No disagreement among scholars.
Yes : There is disagreement among scholars.
Expert? : Not yet Checked by a Seshat Expert.
: Checked and accepted by a Seshat Expert (or RA).

Variable Definition Choices
copper The absence or presence of copper for a polity. - present
- absent
- unknown
- Transitional (Absent -> Present)
- Transitional (Present -> Absent)

# Polity Year(s) Copper Description   Edit
1
(Susiana - Early Ubaid)
5100 BCE 5000 BCE
present
None
2
(Susiana - Early Ubaid)
4999 BCE 4700 BCE
present
None
3
(Neolithic Yemen)
3500 BCE 3001 BCE
unknown
None
4
(Neolithic Yemen)
3000 BCE 1201 BCE
present
None
5
(Java - Buni Culture)
400 BCE 300 BCE
absent
None
6
(Java - Buni Culture)
299 BCE 500 CE
present
None
7
(Classical Crete)
Full Year Range of Classical Crete is assumed.
[-500, -323]
present
None
8
(Archaic Crete)
Full Year Range of Archaic Crete is assumed.
[-710, -500]
present
None
9
(Great Yuan)
Full Year Range of Great Yuan is assumed.
[1271, 1368]
present
None
10
(Prepalatial Crete)
Full Year Range of Prepalatial Crete is assumed.
[-3000, -1900]
unknown
None
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