Section: Social Complexity
Subsection: Transport infrastructure

Port

Talking about transport infrastructure, ports include river ports. direct historical or archaeological evidence of ports is absent when no port has been excavated or all evidence of such has been obliterated. indirect historical or archaeological data is absent when there is no evidence that suggests that the polity engaged in maritime or riverine trade, conflict, or transportation, such as evidence of merchant shipping, administrative records of customs duties, or evidence that at the same period of time a trading relation in the region had a port (for example, due to natural processes, there is little evidence of ancient ports in delta egypt at a time we know there was a timber trade with the levant). when evidence for the variable itself is available the code is 'present.' when other forms of evidence suggests the existence of the variable (or not) the code may be 'inferred present' (or 'inferred absent'). when indirect evidence is not available the code will be either absent, temporal uncertainty, suspected unknown, or unknown.   (See here)
Contributors:

Variable Definition
Polity The Seshat Polity ID
Year(s) The years for which we have the data. [negative = BCE]
Tag [Evidenced, Disputed, Suspected, Inferred, Unknown]
Verified A Seshat Expert has approved this piece of data.

Variable Definition
port The absence or presence of port for a polity.

# Polity Year(s) Port Description   Edit
181
(Western Turk Khaganate)
Full Year Range of Western Turk Khaganate is assumed.
[582, 630]
absent
None
182
(Phoenician Empire)
Full Year Range of Phoenician Empire is assumed.
[-1200, -332]
present
None
183
(Saadi Sultanate)
Full Year Range of Saadi Sultanate is assumed.
[1554, 1659]
present
None
184
(Mali Empire)
Full Year Range of Mali Empire is assumed.
[1230, 1410]
present
None
185
(Uigur Khaganate)
Full Year Range of Uigur Khaganate is assumed.
[745, 840]
unknown
None
186
(Himyar I)
Full Year Range of Himyar I is assumed.
[270, 340]
present
None
187
(Xiongnu Imperial Confederation)
Full Year Range of Xiongnu Imperial Confederation is assumed.
[-209, -60]
absent
None
188
(Cuzco - Early Intermediate II)
Full Year Range of Cuzco - Early Intermediate II is assumed.
[500, 649]
unknown
None
189
(Cuzco - Late Intermediate I)
Full Year Range of Cuzco - Late Intermediate I is assumed.
[1000, 1250]
unknown
None
190
(Ottoman Empire IV)
Full Year Range of Ottoman Empire IV is assumed.
[1839, 1922]
present
Istanbul Port (Constantinople Harbor): The principal port for trade, military activity, and passenger transport in the Ottoman Empir [İnalcık 2002]
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